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7 results on '"Kadhim, Baleegh A."'

2. The role of CwlM in peptidoglycan synthesis and remodelling in mycobacteria

Author

Kadhim, Baleegh A.

Subjects
616.99, Thesis
Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem, claiming around 1.5 million lives annually, and its causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can persist in humans for decades. Mtb has a complex cell wall, biosynthesis and remodelling of which is controlled by serine/threonine protein kinase signalling. Protein kinase B (PknB) is indispensable for mycobacterial growth and it phosphorylates CwlM, a predicted N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase. However, recent findings suggest that CwlM has a non-enzymatic function and regulates biosynthesis of peptidoglycan precursors via activation of MurA. This study was focused on investigation of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic roles of CwlM, its localization in mycobacterial cells and interactions with other proteins. Recombinant Mtb CwlM and its forms (mutated and truncated) were purified and used for investigation of peptidoglycan-cleaving activity by application of zymogram and digestion of FITC-labeled PG. Full-length CwlM showed no detectable PG-cleaving activity, however a shorter CwlM form corresponding to the predicted amidase domain was active in both assays. The site directed mutagenesis of the catalytic residue D339A completely abolished the PG-activity. PknB-mediated phosphorylation of CwlM or phosphomimetic mutations had no effect on peptidoglycan cleaving activity, however improved CwlM stability. CwlM was found in the cytoplasmic and membrane fractions isolated from growing mycobacteria. Moreover, the phosphorylated CwlM localised in the cytoplasm, and non-phosphorylated CwlM was associated with the plasma membrane. CwlM was not detectable in cell wall and culture filtrate preparations. Immunoprecipitation assays using CwlM-IgG-sepharose confirmed that phosphorylated CwlM interacted with FhaA, a fork-head-associated domain protein, whereas non-phosphorylated CwlM bound to the intracellular domain of MurJICD (MviN), a proposed Lipid II flippase. A model of CwlM-mediated regulation of peptidoglycan biosynthesis was proposed based on the findings of this study and previously published observations.

Published
2019
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3. Locally immunological effects of honey applications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Author

Saeed, Zeayd Fadhil, Kadhim, Baleegh A., Alsaadawi, Mohenned A., Kheder, Ramiar K., Manshad, Dalal Radhi, Hassan, Ayat Ahmed, Hassan, Yasmine Salam, and Hobkirk, James

Subjects
*RHEUMATOID arthritis, *JOINTS (Anatomy), *JOINT pain, *KNEE joint, *BLOOD cell count, *HONEY
Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, it is considered to be an auto-immune disease and it is widely spread in Al Samawah city in Iraq. However, Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties are all provided by honey. It was hypothesized that locally applied honey on infected joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis could reduce the inflammatory clinical signs in patients. In this study, three groups of patients participated, the rheumatoid arthritis patients with or without local honey applications compared with the control group. A statistical survey for patients with rheumatoid arthritis was conducted according to the statistical records in Al-Hussein General Hospital in Al Samawah city in Iraq to have the statistical distribution in the city. Hematological parameters by Complete Blood Count for groups of patients were done to measure the difference in White blood count, C reactive protein and rheumatoid factor. The protein expression in the synovial fluid in the knee joints was detected by western blotting all groups. The X-Ray was used to detect the bone re/degeneration of bone articulation surface. The results showed that in general most of the infected population in Al Samawah city was males (54%) compared to females (46%), the infections were concentrated in between 20-65 years old at the first season of the year. Hematological, the WBC count, CRP and RF was significantly elevated in Rh patients but it was reduced according to honey intake and local application for 2 weeks. In addition, it was obvious that the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, IL-1 and TNF-alpha) production in the synovial fluid was dramatically reduced after intake and applying honey of the infected joints compared to Rh patients and the control group. The X-ray showed that the articulation surfaces of bones were improved by enhancing the intra-synovial space and synovial fluid increase compared to the X-ray in Rh patients and the control group. Taken together, it is suggested that the inflammatory signs of rheumatoid arthritis could be relieved by two weeks intake and/or external applying of honey solutions on joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients, as honey could act as an anti-inflammatory reagent and enhance the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Oral Cavity.

Author

Almkhadhree, Enass A. K., Alqaseer, Kawther, Radhi, Ohood Aqeed, Kadhim, Baleegh A, Falah, Mansour Abdullah, Al-Yasseree, Hawraa G. I., Shnain, Wijdan Dhaidan, Albandar, Intisar Jameel, and Shaker, Esraa

Subjects
METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, HORIZONTAL gene transfer, DRUG resistance in bacteria, ANTIBIOTIC prophylaxis, DRUG resistance
Abstract

The oral cavity is habitat to a wide variety of commensal flora, which may act as a reservoir of factors that influence drug resistance. Bacteria in the oral cavity create biofilms, which makes it easier for horizontal gene transfer to result in the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rates in the oral cavity are high, according to recent studies. The widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis among at-risk dental procedure applicants may facilitate MRSA establishment in the mouth. These modifications in the epidemiology of MRSA have significant ramifications for clinical practice, methodological approaches to MRSA carriage studies, and MRSA prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. Evaluation of the efficiency of ciprofloxacin against S. Typhi by altering the production of cytokines in acute typhoid fever in patients at Al-Diwaniyah Hospitals, Iraq.

Author

Kadhim, Baleegh A., Saeed, Zeayd Fadhil, and Al-Ganahi, Sura A.

Subjects
CIPROFLOXACIN, CYTOKINES, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, WESTERN immunoblotting, SERUM
Abstract

Aims: Typhoid fever is a life-threatening disease in the developing world that claims >600,000 deaths per year. Its causative agent Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhi) can be treated with ciprofloxacin, an effective broad-spectrum antibiotic that enhances the natural host defenses. However, the emergence of resistant bacterial strains may be a warning alarm against the clinical use of this antibiotic. This study was aimed to investigate the efficiency of ciprofloxacin treatment (250 mg/mL) against S. Typhi by altering the production of serum cytokines IL-10, 1L-6 and TNF-a in acute typhoid fever patients in Diwanyah Hospitals. Methodology and results: ELISA and Western Blot methods were used to investigate cytokine levels in patients and healthy controls sera. Our results showed that all cytokines' levels before treatment with ciprofloxacin were significantly higher than the control (healthy group). However, treated patients with ciprofloxacin revealed a significantly reduced concentration of IL-10 and TNF-α compared to untreated control samples. However, the level of IL-6 was higher even with ciprofloxacin treatment. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The study concluded that ciprofloxacin (250 mg/mL) might significantly alter serum cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-β levels in acute typhoid fever patients. Therefore, further molecular studies are essential to understand the effect of ciprofloxacin on the production of cytokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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