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Aim The aim of this case-control study is to estimate the circulatory levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in saliva and serum of patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and methods Forty-four patients were screened, and based on biofilm-gingival interface (BGI) index, they were grouped into group I healthy periodontium [BGI-H (20)] and group II periodontitis [BGI-P3 (24)]. Venous blood and salivary samples were collected and analyzed using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Independent sample t test was performed to determine the association. Results Overall, there were differences in both the saliva and the serum TNF-α levels in healthy and periodontitis subjects. The average serum TNF-α concentration in group I healthy subjects was 23.12 pg/mL and in group II periodontitis was 24.06 pg/mL. In the saliva, the mean TNF-α level in group I healthy subjects was 45.69 pg/mL and in group II diseased subjects was 46.58 pg/mL. However, the values were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Circulatory and salivary TNF-α levels were found in detectable quantities. They showed a marginal increase in chronic periodontitis patients when compared with normal healthy patients in the absence of systemic diseases. Further studies are required in a large scale and with different methodologies to substantiate the role of TNF-α in the progression of periodontal diseases. Clinical significance Clinical significance of this study is to analyze the TNF-α levels in saliva and serum, which may be the aggravating factor in causing periodontal disease, thereby helping to treat periodontitis.

The aim of this case-control study is to estimate the circulatory levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in saliva and serum of patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects.Forty-four patients were screened, and based on biofilm-gingival interface (BGI) index, they were grouped into group I healthy periodontium [BGI-H (20)] and group II periodontitis [BGI-P3 (24)]. Venous blood and salivary samples were collected and analyzed using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Independent sampleOverall, there were differences in both the saliva and the serum TNF-α levels in healthy and periodontitis subjects. The average serum TNF-α concentration in group I healthy subjects was 23.12 pg/mL and in group II periodontitis was 24.06 pg/mL. In the saliva, the mean TNF-α level in group I healthy subjects was 45.69 pg/mL and in group II diseased subjects was 46.58 pg/mL. However, the values were not statistically significant (Circulatory and salivary TNF-α levels were found in detectable quantities. They showed a marginal increase in chronic periodontitis patients when compared with normal healthy patients in the absence of systemic diseases. Further studies are required in a large scale and with different methodologies to substantiate the role of TNF-α in the progression of periodontal diseases.Clinical significance of this study is to analyze the TNF-α levels in saliva and serum, which may be the aggravating factor in causing periodontal disease, thereby helping to treat periodontitis.

Background: Although scaling and root planing (SRP) are the gold standard in nonsurgical periodontal treatment, it does not ensure complete eradication of all putative periodontal pathogens. So, subgingival irrigation is performed in addition to non-surgical debridement for removing periodontal pathogens by both mechanical and chemical action. The goal of the present study was to assess and compare the clinical efficacy of two episodes of subgingival irrigation using 0.2 percent chlorhexidine and 5% moringa oleifera combined with SRP. Materials and Methods: Totally 15 patients with less than or equal to 4 mm of attachment loss as seen in Stage I and Stage II Periodontitis were recruited. From each patient, 2 periodontal pockets that are not adjacent and have a probing depth of minimum 6 mm were selected. Each patient's two deep periodontal pockets were given irrigation treatments, one with CHX digluconate 0.2 percent (control group) and the other with Moringa oleifera 5 percent (test group) in two episodes. Pre-irrigation (day 0), days 7, and 28 post-irrigation measurements of the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Results: Following irrigation, the mean PI and GI scores decreased for both groups, with the moringa group experiencing a statistically significant greater decrease than the chlorhexidine group. The Moringa group had a greater reduction in PD and CAL than the CHX group. Conclusion: The clinical outcomes of this investigation imply that subgingival irrigation with 5 percent Moringa oleifera may be an effective adjunctive treatment for patients with chronic periodontitis.