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Introduction:Leukopenia is one of the major side effects of myelosuppressive chemotherapy such as cyclophosphamide (CTX). We and others have used CTX either alone or in combination with G-CSF for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This mobilization can induce expansion of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive phenotype. In this pilot study, we aimed to test whether bone marrow lysate (BML)/CTX, a rich source of growth factors, can lower the expansion of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive phenotypes in tumor-bearing mice without interfering with the anti-tumor effects of CTX or with the mobilization of HSCs.Methods:Female CD1 mice were treated on day 0 with an i.p. injection of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). On day 7, the mice were i.p. injected with CTX followed by s.c. injection of G-CSF for 5 consecutive days, single s.c. injection of BML/PBS or BML/CTX or single i.v. injection of BMC/PBS or BMC/CTX.Results:Treatment of EAC-bearing mice with BML/PBS or BML/CTX did not interfere with the anti-tumor effect of CTX. EAC increased the numbers of immature polymorphonuclear cells (iPMN; neutrophils) in both blood and spleen. Treatment of EAC-bearing mice with CTX further increased the numbers of these cells, which were decreased upon treatment with BML/CTX. Treatment with BML/PBS or BML/CTX increased the numbers of stem cells (C.Kit+Sca-1+) in BM; the effect of BML/CTX was higher, but with no significant effect on the numbers of HSCs. Future studies are needed to analyze the molecular components in BM lysate and to determine the underlying mechanisms.

Introduction: Saccharin (Sac) is a sweetener that is still regarded as a carcinogen and diabetic inducer in some parts of the world. In the current study, we explored the effects of coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) against saccharin on brain metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 108 adult male rats were divided into two experiments. The first experiment assessed the lethal dose 50 (LD50) of saccharin (12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, and 25 g/kg b.wt). Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups, which contained eight rats each. In the second experiment, 60 rats were divided into six groups (10 rats/each). Groups included the following: control group (G1), COQ10 20 mg/kg b.wt treatment group (G2), Sac 1/10 LD50 treatment group (G3), Sac 1/20 LD50 treatment group (G4), Sac 1/10 LD50 plus COQ10 treatment group (G5), and Sac 1/20 LD50 plus COQ10 treatment group (G6). Sac and COQ10 were administered orally for 30 days. Behavioral tests (Morris water maze and open field tests) were carried out toward the end of the examination. Results: Data revealed that different levels of Sac in the treatment groups caused decreased behavioral responses and brain monoamines levels as well as increased metabolite levels, antioxidant status, and thyroid hormones. On the contrary, COQ10 treatment groups showed amelioration in comparison with Sac and almost recovered compared with the control group. Biochemical data were confirmed with histopathological examination. Conclusion: COQ10 ameliorates oxidative stress and acts as a neuromodulator in the brain to stimulate monoamine secretion.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of vaccination strategies to control vibriosis in farmed marine fish in Damietta governorate-Egypt. Two types of vaccines were papered including formalin-killed bacteria as well as heat killed whole cell bacterins as administrated by intraperitoneal injection sea bream fish. Fish immunized with formalin killed vaccine gave rise disease resistance better than heat killed vaccine in challenge test as denoted by relative level of protection (RLP). Determination of single immune diffusion, micro agglutination techniques and total protein content showed that formalin vaccine produce a good disease protection than the heat killed vaccine. Complete blood count examination for detecting lymphocytic count, hemoglobin %, RBCs count and WBCs count showd that formalin vaccine was the best. The booster dose after three months declared elevation of immune status of the fish. Highly significant effect was observed in hemoglobin levels, circulating lymphocyte count and total protein content in fish immunized with formalin vaccine than heat killed vaccine

The therapeutic effects of curcumin and/or dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate on rats drinking alcohol were evaluated in the present study. Albino Wister rats drinking 20% ethanol in drinking water were treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg body weight) and /or DDB (50 mg/ kg body weight) mixed in diet for 8 weeks. ALT and AST enzymes were significantly reduced in rat drinking alcohol and treated with DDB or Diferuloylmethane compared with rats drinking alcohol (p

Increasing resistance to praziquantel, the only available antischistosomal drug, is always developed by schistosomes. The recent description of stem cell-like neoblasts in schistosomes led to the idea of applying antineoplastic drugs as antischistosomal agents that may inhibit stem cell divisions and retard worm regeneration. Here, we explored the in vitro and in vivo effect of some antineoplastic drugs on S. mansoni worm and the host mouse liver. S. mansoni worms' viability was tested after exposure to either praziquantel or one of the antitumor drugs (hydroxyurea, cisplatin, methotrexate, and colchicine) in vitro for 24 and 48 h. The effect of two of them (hydroxyurea and cisplatin) on worm burden, tegument ultrastructure, and host liver structure and function was tested in vivo in S. mansoni-infected mouse model. All drugs affected variably the worm burden in vitro. Hydroxyurea and cisplatin, like praziquantel, damaged the worm tegument, reduced worm burden, and viable schistosome eggs, decreased anti-schistosome IgG, reduced egg-induced hepatic granuloma size and cellularity, restored liver organization and improved liver function as represented by serum alanine aminotransferase and albumin. In conclusions, a single dose of hydroxyurea and cisplatin had anti-schistosome effects and may offer a safe promising alternative to control of schistosomiasis. A direct link between antitumor drugs and inhibition of schistosome neoblasts remains to be proven.

Hepatitis C virus infection represents a serious epidemic problem in Egypt, it has the highest presence of the infection globally. Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly resulted from chronic infection with hepatitis C virus. Many direct antiviral agents have been utilized for treatment, but the hepatotoxicity of those drugs still rarely recorded. The current study was conducted to evaluate the induced toxicity by sofosbuvir and ribavirin. Thirty two female albino rats were divided into four equal groups; group one included rats that were administered orally with sofosbuvir (0.01 mg/kg body weight/day) suspended in distilled water. Group two included rats that were administered orally with ribavirin (0.0227 mg/kg body weight/day) suspended in distilled water. Group three included rats that were administered with a combination of sofosbuvir and ribavirin (0.01 and 0.023 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively) suspended in distilled water. Group 4 consisted of untreated animals and were served as control group. The present study found a significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin values and a significant elevation of red blood corpuscles distribution width percentage in groups treated with ribavirin. Moreover, a significant elevation of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, ammonia, total bilirubin and malondialdehyde were found in the treated groups as well. Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin can induce some hepatotoxicity in normal rats characterized by elevations in aminotransferases and microcytic hypochromic anaemia.

The present study aimed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of M. oleifera leaves against toxicity induced by PbCl2 in albino male rats. Thirty-six albino rats weighing about 182.8 g were divided into 6 groups each of 6 rats. Control group, left without treatment. The PbCl2 group treated orally with 200 mg PbCl2 daily for 30 days. The M. oleifera group treated orally with 200 mg M. oleifera daily for 30 days. PbCl2 + M. oleifera group (200 mg PbCl2 + 200 mg M. oleifera). Therapeutic group (200 mg PbCl2 followed by 200 mg M. oleifera) and protective group (200 mg M. oleifera followed by 200 mg PbCl2). At the end of the experiment, both kidney and liver function tests were assayed as well as catalase and SOD enzymes activity and MDA level. The activity of ALT and the levels of bilirubin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, ammonia, urea and triglycerides were elevated after lead administration compared with the control and protective groups (p

To analyze CD200 and CD56 expression by flow cytometry in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and whether their overexpression had prognostic impact individually and in combination with each other. Seventy newly diagnosed patients were assessed, of whom 27 were adult ALL and 43 pediatric ALL. Forty seven of 70 cases (67%) showed CD200 expression, and 7 cases (10%) showed CD56 expression but only 3 cases (4.3%) had expression for CD200+ and CD56+. Significance differences were found between CD200& CD56 expression in whole ALL patients group compared to control group (P

The present study was carried out to investigate the hematological and immunological effects of acrylamide on immature male and female rats. The roles of honey and/or nigella sativa oil treatment against these effects of ACR were also investigated. Acrylamide (ACR) is a well-known industrial toxic chemical that produces neurotoxicity, which is characterized by progressive central and peripheral neuronal degeneration. There was significant decrease in the hemoglobin content (p < 0.05) and RBCS counts (p < 0.05) and significant increase in WBCS (p < 0.05) and platelets counts (p < 0.01) due to acrylamide toxicity. At recovery period, there was significant increase in the hemoglobin content and RBCS counts of honey and/or Nigella sativa oil-treated groups as compared to those of the untreated rats but they were still significantly lower than those of the control rats. Moreover, there was significant decrease in the WBCs and platelets counts of honey and/or Nigella sativa oil -treated groups of animals as compared to those of the untreated toxicated rats. In addition, there were significant decreases in the levels of both tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) in this study due to ACR toxicity. At recovery period, there were significant increases in the in the levels of both TNF-alpha and IL-17 of honey and/or Nigella sativa oil -treated groups of animals as compared to those of the untreated toxicated rats. In the current study, the treatments with honey and/or Nigella sativa oil enhance the hematological and immunological parameters of the treated animals that can participate in the neuroprotective effect of Acrylamide on Wistar rats.

The effects of artesunate and myrrh on S. mansoni infection and the levels of some Th1 and Th2 cytokines were evaluated in the present study. Six weeks after infection, a group of mice was treated with 4 mg/kg of artesunate and other group was treated with 10 mg/kg of myrrh for 3 successive days. Worm burden was reduced with a percentage of 53.7% and 58.78% after treatment with myrrh and artesunate respectively as well as the levels of IgG antibodies were significantly reduced compared with infected group. No obvious changes were observed in the level of interferon γ after treatment. After treatment with artesunate, interleukin 2 (IL-2) level was significantly decreased, while no significant difference was observed in myrrh-treated group compared with the infected group. On the other hand, the level of IL-10 was not significantly decreased after treatment with artesunate, but it was significantly increased after treatment with myrrh. However, IL-12 levels were significantly decreased after treatment with artesunate. The results demonstrated that, artesunate or myrrh treatment could give a level of protection against S. mansoni infection and modulate the levels of some Th1 and Th2 cytokines in mice infected with S. mansoni.

Background: The aim of the study is to determine the prognostic relevance of CD200/ CD56 expression in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.Methods: The expression of CD200 and CD56 by blast cells was assessed by flow cytometry before the start of chemotherapy in 70 B-ALL patients.Results: Positive expression of CD200 was detected in forty-six patients (66%) and CD56 was detected in 7 patients (10%) out of 70 patients, respectively. Only three patients (4.3%) had co-expression for CD200+ and CD56+. Splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia were frequently observed more in CD200+ patients. Increased frequency of CD34+ was associated with CD200+and CD56+ patients. The CD200+ and CD56+ subgroups of B-ALL patients had inferior OS and disease free survival compared to CD 200− and CD 56− patients.Conclusions: CD200+ and/or CD56+ positive expression in B-ALL patients at diagnosis is a poor prognostic biomarker. Identification of CD200+ and CD56+ expression at diagnosis is recommended for a better stratifi...

This study aimed to determine the prognostic impact of CD200 and CD56 expression in pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients, both of which have been implicated in immune tolerance and previously suggested as independent risk factors. CD200 has a central role in immune tolerance that protects stem cells and other critical tissues from immune damage. The expression of CD200/CD56 in leukemic blasts were assessed in leukemic blasts before chemotherapy in 43 bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB) samples by flow cytometry. Twenty eight of 43 B-ALL cases (65%) showed CD200 positive expression, 5 of 43 cases (11.6%) showed CD56 expression, and only 2 patients (4.7%) expressed both CD200 and CD56. Patients with CD200+ and CD56+ were significantly associated with lower platelet count; less tendency for induction of remission response as compared to negative ones (p = .01 for both). The overall survival (OS) and DFS were significantly shorter in CD200+ and CD56+ cases as compared to those with CD200- and CD56- expression. In conclusion, CD200 and/or CD56 positive expression in B-ALL at diagnosis suggest a poor prognosis and may be associated with biological aggressiveness.

Egypt maintains the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, affecting an estimated 15%–20% of the population, new cases reported, so we search about uncommon source of hepatitis C virus infection. Occult hepatitis C Virus infection can be detected and founded in the overall public obviously haven’t any diseases, Detection of viral replication in PBMCs may increase spread and transmission of hepatitis C virus during blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and made liver disease development in occult Hepatitis C Virus infected individual. The present study aimed to detect the occult hepatitis C virus infection in healthy blood donors from Damietta-Egypt, And detection of Hepatitis C Virus core antigen. One hundred and fifty blood donors from El-Azhar University Hospital blood bank in New Damietta City were used into the present study. Detection of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) and plasma by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and also detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen from plasma by ELISA. We founded that: Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by nested PCR from PBMC among studied donors are eleven (7.9%) on the other hand Hepatitis C Virus RNA in plasma are two (1.4%) so occult C virus are 9/140 (6.4%). By comparison between results of Hepatitis C Virus core Ag and PCR evidence sensitivity 27%, specificity 98.4% in PBMC and sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.8% in Plasma.

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) proteins are a set of argyrophilic nucleolar proteins that accumulate in highly proliferating cells, whereas their expression is very low in nonproliferating cells. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of DNA flow cytometry (FCM) and AgNORs count in the assessment of cellular kinetics of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Small-needle liver biopsies (217) were included and were taken from 84 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (one biopsy from tumor lesion and the other from residual nontumor) liver tissues. Only one biopsy was taken from 49 patients with liver cirrhosis. One part of biopsy was subjected to flow cytometry, and the other, to histopathology and AgNORs counting.An aneuploidy was shown in 44.5% of liver cirrhosis and in 78.6% of tumor sites. Aneuploid HCC cases showed high AgNORs count compared with diploid cases (3.407+/-1.18 vs. 1.74+/-0.9). An extremely significant increase in AgNORs count in tumor lesion (P0.001) was found compared with residual liver tissues, liver cirrhosis and normal liver (3.89+/-0.827, 1.49+/-0.52, 1.62+/-0.29, and 1.3+/-0.17, respectively). In liver cirrhosis, dysplasia showed a significant relationship with ploidy (P0.001) and AgNORs count (P0.05).AgNORs count and DNA ploidy analysis of core biopsy specimens are useful in the assessment of cellular kinetics of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

A 30 kDa antigen was characterized as a hydrophobic polypeptide containing 16 amino acids and evaluated as a potential candidate vaccine against infection bySchistosoma mansoni. CD1 albino mice immunized at 0, 14, and 21 days with 25 or 50 μg of the 30 kDa antigen per mouse with and without alum developed high levels of IgG antibodies (predominantly IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes). When immunized mice were infected with 200S. mansonicercariae, the highest protection levels (61% and 65% reduction in worm burden in two separate experiments) were obtained using the 50-μg antigen without alum adjuvant. The granuloma size decreased to 10%, a non-significant level in mice immunized using alum adjuvant. The results demonstrate the ability of the 30 kDa antigen with and without alum adjuvant to protect mice againstS. mansoniinfection.