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As the demand for edible oil continues to soar, rapeseed cultivation remains pivotal for sustainable and efficient oil production, catering to the nutritional needs of a burgeoning population. Given the substantial impact of environmental stress on plant productivity, this study aimed to explore the in vitro responses of calli-derived hypocotyls from five Brassica napus genotypes under varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). The objective was to assess various growth and physiological parameters, including Callus Growth Rate (CGR), Relative Water Content (RWC), Index of Tolerance (INTOL), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), and Proline Content (PC). Results unveiled a significant surge in proline content with increasing levels of PEG, with the highest accumulation observed at 40% PEG concentration. These findings suggest that heightened osmotic stress induced by PEG led to a notable rise in proline accumulation in calli-derived hypocotyls. Furthermore, elevated levels of PEG-induced osmotic stress adversely impacted growth parameters such as RWC, RGR, and CGR. Notably, genotypes Geronimo and Arc5 exhibited enhanced drought resistance in in vitro environments compared to other genotypes. These particular genotypes showcased greater resilience and adaptability to PEG-induced osmotic stress, as evidenced by significantly higher measurements of relative water content (RWC), relative growth rate (RGR), and Callus Growth Rate (CGR). Physiological indices like Relative Water Content (RWC), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), and Callus Growth Rate (CGR) offer valuable insights into a plant's response to environmental stresses like water scarcity. This selection process is crucial for developing more resistant plant varieties that thrive even in challenging environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water stress is one of the most important limiting abiotic factors for crop plants. The drought resistance was investigated for 35 camelina doubled haploid lines along with a check cultivar (Sohail), under two irrigation conditions (supplementary irrigation and rainfed), during the crop year 2020-2021. The study was conducted in the randomized complete block design by three replications in three regions of Eslamabad-e Gharb, Mahidasht and Mehrgan. The indices of stress sensitivity (SSI), tolerance (Tol), drought resistance (DTI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (MH), yield stability (YSI) and drought resistance (DI) were calculated using seed yield in two environments of rainfed (Ys) and supplementary irrigation (Yp). There was a significant difference among regions for YS, Yp, MP, GMP, MH, and DTI indices. MP, GMP, MH, DTI and DI indices had significant correlations with two environments. According to MH, MP and GMP, the highest and the lowest drought resistance were observed in the Mehrgan region and Islamabad region, respectively. Mahidasht showed the highest value of drought resistance and Mehrgan showed the lowest value of drought resistance among the lines based on DTI. In addition, the results of the mean comparison, cluster analysis, principal components analysis and the three-dimensional scatter diagram of the lines based on the yield of two environments and the MP index showed that lines 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 7 and the check cultivar had more drought resistant. These lines had high seed yield in two contrast environments and showed more drought resistance, which is recommendable for breeding programs in the climatic conditions of Kermanshah province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic waves are one of the tensions around agricultural plants, which have recently been widely used due to the development of telecommunication technology. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during the years 2020-2021 at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University to investigate the effect of WiFi electromagnetic wave (WEW) on the seed germination and growth characteristics of camelina. Seeds were exposed to Wi-Fi electromagnetic radiation at 15 cm (ER 15) and 25 cm (ER 25) cm from the modem for 24 hours (Pre-sowing treatment). The results showed that the germination percentage of seeds treated with WEW decreased by 24%. and this decrease was observed among growth factors such as hypocotyl length (20-43%), number of siliques per plant (56%), thousand seed weight (43%). Conversely, the root length, plant height, seed per silique and dry plant weight were increased by 24.6, 60.9, 10.5 and 56.3% under WEW treatment, respectively. Overall, this study showed that grain yield was greatly affected by electromagnetic waves and increased by about 23.45%. In general, among all the growth parameters, the correlation of the GY was positive and significant with DPW (r=0.735*), PH (r=0.669*) and SPS (r=0.659*). This result highlights the necessity for a better understanding of the mechanisms of electromagnetic waves in crops to help better seedling establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medicinal-oil plant Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz belongs to the Brassicaceae family. Various experiments have shown that the plant has much fewer water requirements and more resistance to spring cold than other oilseeds, especially Rapeseed. In this study, 136 camelina double haploid lines from anther culture progeny (F1) of crosses of 27 selected parents from different countries were generated. After ensuring that the lines were double haploid, biochemical markers were used to investigate genetic diversity. In the biochemical markers section, grain oil content, grain protein and type of fatty acids were measured. The experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. To determine fatty acids using chromatography, 18 types of fatty acids were identified in camelina seed oil. Genetic parameters including phenotypic and genotypic variation coefficients, heritability and genetic advance were estimated. In this study, the highest phenotypic and genotypic variation in fatty acids (C14:0-C16:1) were estimated. Also, the highest general heritability for fatty acids (96.49% for C20:0, 98.92% for C20:2 and 98.59% for C20:3) were assessed. In this reserach, two lines with values of 35.81-36.67% linolenic acid and four lines with values between 22.08-23% of linoleic acid were identified. Also, the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 ranged between 0.479 0 and 0.759. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of agriculture and natural resources, medicinal plants stand out as a valuable resource. In recent years, faced with challenges such as predicting climate changes, soil classification, land use, and identifying patterns, there is a growing need for optimal techniques with higher efficiency, particularly in the cultivation of medicinal plants. Therefore, this article introduces the application of data mining to analyze available data in the agriculture and natural resources areas, focusing specifically on the medicinal plant industry. The primary objective is to explore data mining techniques that can enhance various aspects of medicinal plant cultivation, addressing challenges related to climate predictions, soil classification, and optimizing production. The article concludes by presenting the most effective data analysis methods in this domain, accompanied by their corresponding algorithms. Additionally, the aforementioned research is a guide for those intending to investigate the applications of data mining methods are highlighted for increased productivity, encompassing areas such as predicting crop yield, forecasting weather conditions, rainfall patterns, seed and plant conditions, soil quality, and medicinal plant production. The summarization and analysis of the outcome indicated that implementing AI could improve the design and process engineering strategies in bioprocessing fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camelina (Camelina Sativa) is a hexaploid dicotyledonous plant from the Brassicaceae family, which is very similar to the Arabidopsis. The number of camelina chromosomes is 40=2n. WRKY transcription factors are one of the most important gene families in plants that play an important role in regulating growth and development and response to various stresses. In this research, 224 WRKY genes were identified in the camelina plant by searching the database, and the chromosomal position, gene length, and conserved motifs were identified in the camelina plant based on the Arabidopsis. Also, in this study, in order to validate the research, 2 genes WRKY8 and WRKY57 under drought stress were investigated by the qPCR method. The results indicated that both the above-mentioned genes were strongly expressed under drought stress conditions in tolerant varieties compared to normal conditions, but the trend was opposite in sensitive varieties. This study has provided acceptable and valuable information for studying the evolution and function of the WRKY gene family in camelina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (ER) in the radio frequency is one of the most common and rapidly growing environmental factors affecting human. Therefore, given the increasing global growth of telecommunication towers and Wi-Fi waves, understanding the potential of positive or negative effects of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves (WEW) on the quality and quantity parameters of plants is essential. An experiment was carried out during the years 2020-2021 at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University to investigate the effect of WEW on grain yield, fatty acid composition (FA), oil content, and antioxidant properties of camelina. Seeds were subjected to Wi-Fi electromagnetic radiation at distances of 15 cm (ER15) and 25 cm (ER25) from the modem for 24 h. The results showed that electromagnetic waves significantly affected grain yield, increasing it by approximately 23.45%. Additionally, the amount of oil and protein, crucial components of camelina seeds, exhibited a respective increase of 6.91% and decrease of 2.9% under Wi-Fi radiation conditions. Total tocopherol decreased by 6.39%, while ß-T remained unaffected by Wi-Fi radiation. Furthermore, the quantity of sterols (brassicasterol, cholesterol, and campesterol) decreased significantly due to Wi-Fi radiation. Based on the fatty acid profile responses, the maximum content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (SPUFA) was obtained in ER15 treatment, representing an increase of approximately 1.62%. Consequently, these waves resulted in a decrease in saturated fatty acids (SSFA) and erucic acid, thereby increasing the quality of camelina oil. In conclusion, WEW pretreatment has potential to increase grain yield, oil percentage, and quality of camelina oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camelina (Camelina sativa), an oilseed plant in the Brassicaceae family, is recognized as a significant crop both biologically and industrially, with recent attention shifting towards its potential as a biofuel source. The close genetic resemblance between Arabidopsis thaliana and C. sativa has sparked interest among researchers in manipulating oleic acid levels through microRNAs and the gene sequences FAE1-A and FAD2-A. A recent bioinformatics study focused on these genes in camelina revealed that the FAE1-A protein is hydrophobic, while FAD2-A is hydrophilic. Structural analysis indicated GMQE values of 0.88% for FAE1-A and 0.93% for FAD2-A. The FAE1-A protein's secondary structure comprises 49% helix, 11% beta-sheet, 41% coil, and 9% membrane content with a confidence level of 79.2%. Similarly, the secondary structure of the FAD2-A consists of 43% helix, 12% beta-sheet, 45% coil, and 30% membrane content with a confidence level of 79.8%. Codon preference patterns were explored using the Sequence Manipulation Suite database to understand the relationship between codons and gene performance. Furthermore, analysis of FAE1-A and FAD2-A gene expression showed peak expression levels in developing seeds approximately 20 days after pollination. Further investigation into these structures promises to enhance our understanding of fat biosynthesis, thereby improving oil quality in C. sativa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]