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Abstract Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) is a severe mental disorder worldwide. In recent years, some studies have reported that PP-PTSD stems from birth trauma. The present study was dedicated in finding ways to predict the occurrence of emergency caesarean section (ECS), trying to analyze the methods to reduce incidence of PP-PTSD on this basis, further exploring the neuroimaging changes in PP-PTSD. A total of 245 primiparas with intention of vaginal delivery were recruited. The internal tocodynamometry measurement was performed during labor for all mothers, and respectively taken at 3–5 cm, 5–8 cm, and 8–10 cm of cervical dilation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Binary logistic regression analyses were also performed to identify fetal head descending thrust that might help in the prediction of ECS. Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 26 patients diagnosed with PP-PTSD of 245 mothers, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) technology was used to observe the spontaneous neural activity of all PP-PTSD patients and correlation analyses were performed. We found that the natural delivery rate of mothers with fetal head descending thrust

Abstract The utility of deep neural nets has been demonstrated for mapping hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) stained image features to expression of individual genes. However, these models have not been employed to discover clinically relevant spatial biomarkers. Here we develop MOSBY (Multi-Omic translation of whole slide images for Spatial Biomarker discoverY) that leverages contrastive self-supervised pretraining to extract improved H&E whole slide images features, learns a mapping between image and bulk omic profiles (RNA, DNA, and protein), and utilizes tile-level information to discover spatial biomarkers. We validate MOSBY gene and gene set predictions with spatial transcriptomic and serially-sectioned CD8 IHC image data. We demonstrate that MOSBY-inferred colocalization features have survival-predictive power orthogonal to gene expression, and enable concordance indices highly competitive with survival-trained multimodal networks. We identify and validate (1) an ER stress-associated colocalization feature as a chemotherapy-specific risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma, and (2) the colocalization of T effector cell vs cysteine signatures as a negative prognostic factor in multiple cancer indications. The discovery of clinically relevant biologically interpretable spatial biomarkers showcases the utility of the model in unraveling novel insights in cancer biology as well as informing clinical decision-making.

Abstract Ground surface deformations can be observed during the coseismic and postseismic periods. The accurate determination of displacements is of paramount importance for the assessment of the destructive power of large earthquakes and the characterization of fault behaviors. Therefore, we employ the sub-daily Global Positioning System (GPS) solutions at 19 GPS stations to determine the coseismic and postseismic deformations of the 2010 moment magnitude (Mw) 8.8 Maule earthquake. Using sub-daily GPS data, we can accurately measure both coseismic and early postseismic deformation signals, which can precisely identify the distribution of coseismic slip and the spatiotemporal evolution of early afterslip within the first 36 h. In particular, the sub-daily solution can provide more accurate and quicker results, nearly 10% smaller than those with the daily solution. Furthermore, there is significant ground motion in the immediate postseismic period, which decreases rapidly thereafter. The largest postseismic deformation observed during the first 2 h occurred at station CONZ and amounted to 3.6 cm. During the immediate postseismic period of the 2010 Maule earthquake, afterslip is the dominant mechanism, while poroelasticity plays a negligible role within the first 36 h. Meanwhile, early aftershocks tend to occur in the boundary and the inner part of the afterslip, indicating that the afterslip has the potential to drive the occurrence of aftershocks in the initial stages of postseismic activity.

In order to study the effect of liquid nitrogen injection cooling on spontaneous combustion of coal, coal samples from the second and third panel areas of Tingnan Coal Mine were selected for thermal and physical property experiments. First, the coal sample was pretreated by LFA457 laser flash analyzer, and then the thermophysical property parameters of the coal sample were measured in the range of 30-300 ℃, and the change law of the thermophysical property parameters of the coal sample with temperature was obtained after liquid nitrogen injection and cooling, and the factors affecting the thermophysical properties of the coal sample were compared and analyzed. The results show that the thermal diffusivity decreases with the increase of temperature, and the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity increase with the increase of temperature; in the range of 30-200 ℃, the average change rate of thermal property parameters of coal samples after liquid nitrogen injection treatment is higher than that of raw coal samples, indicating that liquid nitrogen injection treatment will increase the sensitivity of coal samples to temperature; in addition, at the same temperature, the thermal physical property parameters of coal samples after liquid nitrogen injection treatment increased to different degrees compared with the original coal samples, and the average growth rate of thermal diffusion coefficient was the highest, indicating that the thermal diffusion ability of coal samples after liquid nitrogen injection treatment was enhanced during the oxidation and heating process.

Abstract Caverns and tunnels are constantly exposed to dynamic loads, posing a potentially significant threat to the safety of rock structures. To facilitate the understanding of dynamic fracture around openings, a series of discrete element models were established to numerically examine the effect of hole shape on dynamic mechanical properties and crack evolution. The results indicate that the existence of a hole greatly reduces dynamic strength, and the reduction is closely related to hole shape. The strain variation of pre-holed specimens is more complicated and even larger than the value of intact specimens. Although crack initiation differs for varying hole shapes, the entire structural collapse of specimens is controlled by macro shear cracks along the diagonal direction of the specimen, which are effectively identified by velocity trend arrows and contact force distribution. Finally, comparative analysis between failure pattern of pre-holed specimens under static and dynamic loads were conducted.

Abstract The comprehensive understanding of propagation patterns of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) is essential for early warning of associated hazards such as floods and landslides. In this study, we utilize climate networks based on an event synchronization measure to investigate the propagation patterns of EPEs over the global land masses, and identify 16 major propagation pathways. We explain them in association with regional weather systems, topographic effects, and travelling Rossby wave patterns. We also demonstrate that the revealed propagation pathways carry substantial EPE predictability in certain areas, such as in the Appalachian, the Andes mountains. Our results help to improve the understanding of key propagation patterns of EPEs, where the global diversity of the propagated patterns of EPEs and corresponding potential predictability provide prior knowledge for predicting EPEs, and demonstrate the power of climate network approaches to study the spatiotemporal connectivity of extreme events in the climate system.

Based on the propagation of laser-induced tensile waves in materials and the principle of material ply cracking, nondestructive testing technology for measuring the interfacial bonding force of composite materials can be developed. The study of the ultra-high strain rate dynamic response model of composite materials under the action of laser shock waves is crucial to this technique. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for constructing a dynamic response prediction model for composites based on data and a physical model driven by comprehensively considering the strain rate effect of materials. The constructed model can accurately predict the peak velocity and duration of the initial pulse of the velocity curve under the condition of ultra-high strain rate. The relative error between the predicted and simulated peak values is within 3%, and the relative error between the predicted and simulated initial pulse durations is within 5%. In addition, laser impact experiments were conducted on specimens of various thicknesses to validate the accuracy of the predicted data at ultra-high strain rates. The results show that the relative errors between the predicted and experimental peak values are all within 2%, and the relative errors of the initial pulse duration are within 9%.

Abstract This study presents a probabilistic seismic risk model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China. The model comprises a township-level residential building exposure model, a vulnerability model derived from the Chinese building taxonomy, and a regional probabilistic seismic hazard model. The three components are integrated by a stochastic event-based method of the OpenQuake engine to assess the regional seismic risk in terms of average annual loss and exceedance probability curve at the city, province, and regional levels. The novelty and uniqueness of this study are that a probabilistic seismic risk model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China is developed by considering the impact of site conditions and epistemic uncertainty from the seismic hazard model.

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of parent–child separation during infancy and early childhood on depression, social relationships including parent–child and peer relationships, and academic performance during adolescence and early adulthood. Methods Data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were analyzed, which included a sample of 3829 children aged 4–15 years from 25 provinces over a period of 8 years. The study examined the association between early parent–child separation and outcomes related to depression, social and academic performance, comparing outcomes between individuals with and without early separation experiences. A series of subgroup analyses were conducted to further explore these associations. Results Parent–child separation lasting 3 months or longer was found to be associated with moderate to severe levels of depression and impaired social relationships during adolescence and early adulthood, particularly among males, adolescents, urban dwellers, and those with less educated mothers. Children who experienced parent–child separation for 3 months or longer showed a positive correlation between separation duration and depression. Short-term separations under 3 months did not show this association. The duration of separation also had a negative correlation with parent–child and peer relationships, as well as academic performance. Conclusion Early parent–child separation has significant adverse effects on the mental health, social and academic performance of adolescents and early adulthood, especially among males, adolescents, urban residents, and those with lower maternal education. The severity of depression was found to be related to the duration of separation, highlighting the importance of minimizing separation to less than 3 months for children under the age of 3. These findings underscore the critical role of early parental care and the need for targeted interventions for high-risk populations.

Abstract Background Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index combined with obesity-related indicators [triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride glucose-waist to height ratio (TyG-WHtR), triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC)], represents emerging methodologies for assessing insulin resistance. The objective of this investigation was to explore the correlation between TyG-related indices and gallstone disease. Methods The study included 3740 adults from the 2017–2020 period of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR were integrated as both continuous and categorical variables within the multivariate logistic model, respectively to evaluate the connection between various TyG-related indices and gallstone disease. Additionally, restriction cubic splines and subgroup analysis were employed to deepen our understanding of this relationship. Results When analyzed as continuous variables, positive correlations were observed between TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and gallstone disease. The OR(95%CI) were 1.063(1.045,1.082) for TyG-BMI (per 10-unit), 1.026(1.018,1.034) for TyG-WC (per 10-unit) and 1.483(1.314,1.676) for TyG-WHtR (per 1-unit), respectively. When categorized into quartiles, these three TyG-related indices still show statistically significant associations with gallstone disease. Descending in order, the diagnostic capability for gallstone disease is demonstrated as follows: TyG-WHtR (AUC = 0.667), TyG-BMI (AUC = 0.647), and TyG-WC (AUC = 0.640). Conclusion There were significantly positive associations between TyG-related indices, including TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR, and gallstone disease. Of these indices, TyG-WHtR demonstrated the most favorable performance in identifying the risk of gallstone disease.

Aging is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide and is a primary cause of chronic diseases and physiological decline. Among the myriad changes that occur with aging, alterations in adipose tissue distribution and function have gained considerable attention because of their profound impact on metabolic health and overall well-being. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are the two major depots of white adipose tissue, each with distinct roles in metabolism and health. Understanding the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of SAT and VAT is crucial for elucidating the aging process and developing strategies to promote healthy aging. This review focuses on delineating and analyzing the characteristics and intrinsic mechanisms underlying the aging of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue during the aging process, which can contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and enhance healthy aging.

Abstract Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is one of the commonly used indicators to assess renal function and systemic immune-inflammatory status. In the adolescent population, changes in BUN levels may be associated with a variety of factors, including physiologic dehydration, lifestyle influences such as nutritional intake, physical activity, and possible endocrine or metabolic disorders. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that BUN levels are not only a reflection of kidney function, but it may also be related to the inflammatory state of the body. The Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII) is a comprehensive index that takes into account platelet counts, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and is thought to be effective in reflecting the body's immune status and inflammatory response. However, research on the relationship between the two, SII and BUN, remains understudied in the adolescent population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SII and BUN levels in a population of American adolescents and to further analyze the factors that influence it. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, we explored the relationship between SII and BUN levels. We found a significant negative correlation between SII and BUN levels, with BUN levels decreasing when SII levels increased (BUN as the dependent variable and SII as the outcome variable). We performed a multiple regression analysis of this relationship, controlling for possible confounders such as gender, age, race, and BMI, and found that this negative correlation remained significant. Our findings reveal an important relationship between SII and BUN levels and provide new perspectives for understanding adolescent health.

Abstract Low-cost thermoelectric materials with simultaneous high performance and superior plasticity at room temperature are urgently demanded due to the lack of ever-lasting power supply for flexible electronics. However, the inherent brittleness in conventional thermoelectric semiconductors and the inferior thermoelectric performance in plastic organics/inorganics severely limit such applications. Here, we report low-cost inorganic polycrystalline Mg3Sb0.5Bi1.498Te0.002, which demonstrates a remarkable combination of large strain (~ 43%) and high figure of merit zT (~ 0.72) at room temperature, surpassing both brittle Bi2(Te,Se)3 (strain ≤ 5%) and plastic Ag2(Te,Se,S) and organics (zT ≤ 0.4). By revealing the inherent high plasticity in Mg3Sb2 and Mg3Bi2, capable of sustaining over 30% compressive strain in polycrystalline form, and the remarkable deformability of single-crystalline Mg3Bi2 under bending, cutting, and twisting, we optimize the Bi contents in Mg3Sb2-x Bi x (x = 0 to 1) to simultaneously boost its room-temperature thermoelectric performance and plasticity. The exceptional plasticity of Mg3Sb2-x Bi x is further revealed to be brought by the presence of a dense dislocation network and the persistent Mg-Sb/Bi bonds during slipping. Leveraging its high plasticity and strength, polycrystalline Mg3Sb2-x Bi x can be easily processed into micro-scale dimensions. As a result, we successfully fabricate both in-plane and out-of-plane flexible Mg3Sb2-x Bi x thermoelectric modules, demonstrating promising power density. The inherent remarkable plasticity and high thermoelectric performance of Mg3Sb2-x Bi x hold the potential for significant advancements in flexible electronics and also inspire further exploration of plastic inorganic semiconductors.

Abstract Chip is a visual representation of rock breaking by cutter, and their related parameters are crucial for revealing the rock breaking mechanism in deep-sea mining. Based on sieving and three-dimensional size measurement methods widely used in mining engineering, this paper reports a dataset of chip parameters for rock breaking by chisel pick under deep-sea hydrostatic pressure. Specifically, we first designed an experimental setup that can accurately simulate deep-sea hydrostatic pressure, conducted rock breaking experiments and carefully collected chips. Subsequently, those chips were sieved, high-resolution images were collected, and the coarseness index (CI), chip size uniformity (n), absolute chip size (d e), and fractal dimension (D) were measured. Finally, three-dimensional size (long, intermediate and short) was measured for 3064 chips with particle sizes greater than 4.75 mm. This dataset will be used by researchers to validate numerical simulations or optimize equipment structures related to deep-sea mining, including deep-sea rock mechanics, mining cutter and conveyor pipes.

Background: Soil salinization is one of the key factors restricting the production of cropland. Once rice is subjected to alkali stress at the bud burst stage, the yield will suffer irreparable serious loss. Compared with salt tolerance, studies on QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis of rice alkali tolerance are limited. Results: In this study, we used the F2:3 population derived from the alkali-tolerant cultivar LD21 and the alkali-sensitive cultivar WL138 to construct an alkali-tolerant DNA mixing pool, and the BSA (Bulked Segregation Analysis) method was used for re-sequencing. The main QTL qRSLB9 controlling the relative shoot length of rice under alkali stress was mapped by QTL-seq. The candidate interval was narrowed to 346.5 kb by regional linkage mapping, which containing 6 DEGs screened through transcriptome sequencing. The qRT-PCR and candidate gene sequencing showed that LOC_Os09g24260 was most likely to control relative shoot length (RSL) in rice as a major gene who encodes the WD domain, G-beta repeat domain-containing protein. Conclusions: Based on these results, LOC_Os09g24260 was the candidate gene of qRSLB9 conferring alkalinity tolerance to rice at the bud burst stage. Our study provides valuable genetic information and materials for breeding new rice varieties with alkalinity tolerance.How to cite: Wang J, Bian J, Liu L, et al. Screening and analysis of candidate genes conferring alkalinity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the bud burst stage based on QTL-seq and RNA-seq. Electron J Biotechnol 2024;71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2024.07.002.

The Yangtze River is the mother river of China. To promote the aquatic ecosystem protection of the great river, the Project of Yangtze Fisheries Resources and Environment Investigation (2017–2021) supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China carried out by 24 institutes and universities that located in the Yangtze River basin surveys the status of (1) fish species composition and spatial distribution, (2) current fish abundance, (3) endangered fishes, (4) Yangtze finless porpoise, (5) aquatic eco-environments, (6) water-level fluctuation areas, (7) capture fisheries and recreational fisheries of the Yangtze River mainstream and 10 of its main tributaries, including Yalong River, Heng River, Min River (including Dadu River), Chishui River, Tuo River, Jialing River, Wu River, Han River, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake. The results showed that there were 443 fish species (belonging to 163 genus, 37 families, and 18 orders) before 2017, but only 323 fish species (including 15 new recorded exotic species) were recorded in the project of 2017–2021. Among them, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Coilia brachygnathus, Silurus asotus, Saurogobio dabryi, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Pelteobagrus nitidus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Siniperca chuatsi, Coreius heterodon, Culter alburnus, Parabramis pekinensis, and Aristichthys nobilis were the dominant species across the whole Yangtze River system. It is estimated that there were 886 million individuals weighing 124.8 million kg, merely equivalent to 27.3% of the resources in 1950s, 30.9% of the resources in 1960s, or 58.7% of the resources in 1980s. In the new list of protected fishes that recorded in the Yangtze River system, only 15 of 29 were collected in this project of 2017–2021. Psephurus gladius has been affirmed to be Extinct by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The wild individuals of Tenualosa reevesii and Luciobrama macrocephalus have disappeared for many years and maybe have been extinct already. Acipenser dabryanus has been affirmed to be Extinct in the Wild by IUCN. The natural propagations of A. sinensis, Myxocyprinus asiaticus and Trachidermus fasciatus have been interrupted for many years. The populations of Yangtze finless porpoise in the Yangtze River mainstream, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake have steadily rising sizes and expanding distributions in 2017–2021. Parts of them migrate from one region to another with the seasons, which would result in the fluctuation of Yangtze finless porpoise population within some regions. The conventional indicators of water quality in the Yangtze River system were good and conformed to the water quality criteria of fishery in 2017–2021. In the last 40 years, the maximum surface water area in the Yangtze River basin extended to approximately 63,360 km2, the minimum surface water area covered approximately 26,396 km2, and the seasonal water-level fluctuation areas occupied approximately 36,964 km2. Compared with 1984–2000 period, the 2001–2020 period witnessed an overall decreasing trend in the frequency of surface water occurrence within about 25,869 km2 of aquatic areas. From 1984 to 2000 period to 2001–2020 period, permanent surface water has decreased by nearly 8,750 km2. In 2017, the fishermen were mainly 40–60 years old and their educational levels were mainly lower than junior high school. In 2017, most anglers were older than 40 and used hand rod and/or sea rod. Their average catch of each time was mainly less than 1 kg. Results suggested that the fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River basin is not only an ecological project of aquatic ecosystem conservation, but also a livelihood project for the fisherman to embrace industrial transformation and improve their living conditions. After the implementation of the fishing ban, the fisheries resources would gradually recover, and the Yangtze finless porpoise population size would also see a steady increase. However, the endangered species would remain threatened for a long time. The degraded waterbodies and water-level fluctuation areas would be the key restrictive factors for future aquatic ecosystem recovery in the Yangtze River basin. Since this survey was carried out before the fishing ban, the current results could provide a baseline for future evaluation of the effect of the Yangtze River fishing ban.

Abstract The stability of coal and rock masses in water-rich mines is affected by both mine water erosion and dynamic disturbances. Thus, it is necessary to study the dynamic mechanical response and failure characteristics of coal and rock under the combination of saltwater and a high strain rate. To this end, a split Hopkinson pressure bar device was employed to investigate the effects of impact velocity, water content, and immersion liquid on the dynamic mechanical behaviours of coal and rock. The results revealed that the weakening effect of saltwater on the dynamic mechanical properties of coal and rock is much greater than that of distilled water. With increasing moisture content, the dynamic compressive strength of the coal specimens decreases monotonically, while that of the rock shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The failure process and destruction of coal and rock are comprehensively affected by both the external impact load and the physical and mechanical properties of the material. The degree of damage of the coal and rock specimens increases with increasing impact velocity and water content. Moreover, the influence of various factors on the impact fracture mechanism of coal and rock under saltwater immersion conditions was revealed. These findings are highly important for the design and maintenance of underground coal and rock building structures.

Abstract Remote sensing image fusion is dedicated to obtain a high-resolution multispectral (HRMS) image without spatial or spectral distortion compared to the single source image. In this paper, a novel fusion algorithm based on Bayesian estimation for remote sensing images is proposed from the new perspective of risk decisions. In this study, an observation model based on Bayesian estimation for remote sensing image fusion is constructed. Three categories of probabilities including prior, conditional and posterior probabilities are calculated after an intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) transformation is applied to the original low-resolution MS image. To obtain the desired HRMS image, with the corrected posterior probability, a fusion rule based on Bayesian decisions is designed to estimate which pixels to select from the panchromatic (PAN) image and the intensity component of the MS image. The selected pixels constitute a new component that will participate in an IHS inverse transformation to yield the fused image. Extensive experiments were performed on the Pleiades, WorldView-3, and IKONOS datasets, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Abstract Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue, its prevalence and prognosis highlighting the importance of early screening for effective prevention. This research aimed to create and validate an artificial intelligence cervical cancer screening (AICCS) system for grading cervical cytology. The AICCS system was trained and validated using various datasets, including retrospective, prospective, and randomized observational trial data, involving a total of 16,056 participants. It utilized two artificial intelligence (AI) models: one for detecting cells at the patch-level and another for classifying whole-slide image (WSIs). The AICCS consistently showed high accuracy in predicting cytology grades across different datasets. In the prospective assessment, it achieved an area under curve (AUC) of 0.947, a sensitivity of 0.946, a specificity of 0.890, and an accuracy of 0.892. Remarkably, the randomized observational trial revealed that the AICCS-assisted cytopathologists had a significantly higher AUC, specificity, and accuracy than cytopathologists alone, with a notable 13.3% enhancement in sensitivity. Thus, AICCS holds promise as an additional tool for accurate and efficient cervical cancer screening.

Abstract Background Postoperative delirium is a common complication in older patients, with poor long-term outcomes. This study aimed to investigate risk factors and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium in older patients after major abdominal surgery. Methods This study retrospectively recruited 7577 patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent major abdominal surgery between January 2014 and December 2018 in a single hospital in Beijing, China. Patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 5303) and a validation cohort (n = 2224) for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and to build a nomogram. Data were collected for 43 perioperative variables, including demographics, medical history, preoperative laboratory results, imaging, and anesthesia information. Results Age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, white blood cell count, glucose, total protein, creatinine, emergency surgery, and anesthesia time were associated with postoperative delirium in multivariate analysis. We developed a nomogram based on the above 8 variables. The nomogram achieved areas under the curve of 0.731 and 0.735 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The discriminatory ability of the nomogram was further assessed by dividing the cases into three risk groups (low-risk, nomogram score 199; P

Apple leaf spot, caused by the Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP), is an important fungal disease of apple. To understand the molecular basis of resistance and pathogenesis in apple leaf spot, the transcriptomes of two apple cultivars ‘Hanfu’ (HF) (resistant) and ‘Golden Delicious’(GD) (susceptible) were analyzed at 0, 6, 18, 24 and 48 h after AAAP inoculation by RNA-Seq. At each time point, a large number of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between AAAP-inoculated and uninoculated apple leaves. Analysis of the common DEGs at four time points revealed significant differences in the resistance of ‘HF’ and ‘GD’ apple to AAAP infection. RLP, RNL, and JA signal-related genes were upregulated in both cultivars to restrict AAAP development. However, genes encoding CNLs, TNLs, WRKYs, and AP2s were only activated in ‘HF’ as part of the resistance response, of which, some play major roles in the regulation of ET and SA signal transduction. Further analysis showed that many DEGs with opposite expression trends in the two hosts may play important regulatory roles in response to AAAP infection. Transient expression of one such gene MdERF110 in ‘GD’ apple leaves improved AAAP resistance. Collectively, this study highlights the reasons for differential resistance to AAAP infection between ‘HF’ and ‘GD’ apples which can theoretically assist the molecular breeding of disease-resistant apple crops.

Abstract Genomic alterations that activate Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) are common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and confer sensitivity to FGFR inhibition. However, the depth and duration of response is often limited. Here, we conduct integrative transcriptomics, metabolomics, and phosphoproteomics analysis of patient-derived models to define pathways downstream of oncogenic FGFR2 signaling that fuel ICC growth and to uncover compensatory mechanisms associated with pathway inhibition. We find that FGFR2-mediated activation of Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) maintains a highly glycolytic phenotype. Conversely, FGFR inhibition blocks glucose uptake and glycolysis while inciting adaptive changes, including switching fuel source utilization favoring fatty acid oxidation and increasing mitochondrial fusion and autophagy. Accordingly, FGFR inhibitor efficacy is potentiated by combined mitochondrial targeting, an effect enhanced in xenograft models by intermittent fasting. Thus, we show that oncogenic FGFR2 signaling drives NF-κB-dependent glycolysis in ICC and that metabolic reprogramming in response to FGFR inhibition confers new targetable vulnerabilities.

Abstract Echeneis naucrates, as known as live sharksucker, is famous for the behavior of attaching to hosts using a highly modified dorsal fin with oval-shaped sucking disc. Here, we generated an improved high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of E. naucrates using Illumina short reads, PacBio long reads and Hi-C data. Our assembled genome spans 572.85 Mb with a contig N50 of 23.19 Mb and is positioned to 24 pseudo-chromosomes. Additionally, at least one telomere was identified for 23 out of 24 chromosomes. Furthermore, we identified a total of 22,161 protein-coding genes, of which 21,402 genes (96.9%) were annotated successfully with functions. The combination of ab initio predictions and Repbase-based searches revealed that 15.57% of the assembled E. naucrates genome was identified as repetitive sequences. The completeness of the genome assembly and the gene annotation were estimated to be 97.5% and 95.4% with BUSCO analyses. This work enhances the utility of the live sharksucker genome and provides a valuable groundwork for the future study of genomics, biology and adaptive evolution in this species.

ABSTRACT: During the perinatal period, dairy cows undergo negative energy balance, resulting in elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Although increased blood NEFA concentrations are a physiological adaptation of early lactation, excessive NEFA in dairy cows is a major cause of fatty liver. Aberrant lipid metabolism leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequently the development of fatty liver. Both inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) have been validated for their association with hepatic lipid accumulation, including their regulatory functions in calf hepatocyte insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, both IRE1α and JNK are involved in lipid metabolism in nonruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how IRE1α and JNK regulate lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. An experiment was conducted on randomly selected 10 healthy cows (hepatic triglyceride [TG] content 5%). Liver tissue and blood samples were collected from experimental cows. Serum concentrations of NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were greater, whereas serum concentrations of glucose and milk production were lower in cows with fatty liver. The western blot results revealed that dairy cows with fatty liver had higher phosphorylation levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α in the liver tissue. Three in vitro experiments were conducted using primary calf hepatocytes isolated from 5 healthy calves (body weight: 30–40 kg; 1 d old). First, hepatocytes were treated with NEFA (1.2 mM) for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 12 h, which showed that the phosphorylated levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α increased in both linear and quadratic effects. In the second experiment, hepatocytes were treated with high concentrations of NEFA (1.2 mM) for 12 h with or without SP600125, a canonical inhibitor of JNK. Western blot results showed that SP600125 treatment could decrease the expression of lipogenesis-associated proteins (PPARγ and SREBP-1c) and increase the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-associated proteins (CPT1A and PPARα) in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. The perturbed expression of lipogenesis-associated genes (FASN, ACACA, and CD36) and FAO-associated gene ACOX1 were also recovered by JNK inhibition, indicating that JNK reduced excessive NEFA-induced lipogenesis and FAO dysregulation in calf hepatocytes. Third, short hairpin RNA targeting IRE1α (sh-IRE1α) was transfected into calf hepatocytes to silence IRE1α, and KIRA6 was used to inhibit the kinase activity of IRE1α. The blockage of IRE1α could at least partially suppressed NEFA-induced JNK activation. Moreover, the blockage of IRE1α downregulated the expression of lipogenesis genes and upregulated the expression of FAO genes in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. In conclusion, these findings indicate that targeting the IRE1α-JNK axis can reduce NEFA-induced lipid accumulation in bovine hepatocytes by modulating lipogenesis and FAO. This may offer a prospective therapeutic target for fatty liver in dairy cows.

This study develops a rapid algorithm coupled with the finite element method to predict the fatigue crack propagation process and select the enhancement factor for the equivalent random load spectrum of accelerated fatigue tests. The proposed algorithm is validated by several fatigue tests of an aluminum alloy under the accelerated random load spectra. In the validation process, two kinds of panels with different geometries and sizes are used to calculate the stress intensity factor, critical crack length, and crack propagation life. The simulated and experimental findings indicate that when the aluminum alloy is in a low plasticity state, the crack propagation life exhibits a linear relationship with the acceleration factor. When the aluminum alloy is in a high plasticity state, this study proposes an empirical formula to calculate the equivalent stress intensity factor and crack propagation life. The normalized empirical formula is independent of the geometry and size of different samples, although the fracture processes are different in the two kinds of panels used in our study. Overall, the numerical method proposed in this paper can be applied to predict the fatigue crack propagation life for the random spectrum of large samples based on the results of the simulated accelerated crack propagation process and the accelerated fatigue tests of small samples to reduce the cost and time of the testing.

Abstract Background Lifestyle choices, metformin, and dietary supplements may prevent GDM, but the effect of intervention characteristics has not been identified. This review evaluated intervention characteristics to inform the implementation of GDM prevention interventions. Methods Ovid, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) framework was used to examine intervention characteristics (who, what, when, where, and how). Subgroup analysis was performed by intervention characteristics. Results 116 studies involving 40,940 participants are included. Group-based physical activity interventions (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46, 0.95) reduce the incidence of GDM compared with individual or mixed (individual and group) delivery format (subgroup p-value = 0.04). Physical activity interventions delivered at healthcare facilities reduce the risk of GDM (RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.49, 0.72) compared with home-based interventions (subgroup p-value = 0.03). No other intervention characteristics impact the effectiveness of all other interventions. Conclusions Dietary, physical activity, diet plus physical activity, metformin, and myoinositol interventions reduce the incidence of GDM compared with control interventions. Group and healthcare facility-based physical activity interventions show better effectiveness in preventing GDM than individual and community-based interventions. Other intervention characteristics (e.g. utilization of e-health) don’t impact the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions, and thus, interventions may require consideration of the local context.

ABSTRACTUrban vitality is an essential reference for formulating urban planning and urban development policies, while the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) is a crucial issue that affects the accurate assessment of urban vitality and the understanding of its driving factors. Currently, MAUP in urban vitality studies has not received sufficient attention, and there are limited investigations on whether MAUP significantly affects the spatial autocorrelation of urban vitality. Moreover, existing studies have mainly focused on the impact of individual factors on urban vitality, with minor consideration of the interactions between factors and their effects on urban vitality at different spatial scales. This study takes the Pearl River Delta Core (PRDC) region as the research area. It used the Optimal Parameters-based Geographic Detector (OPGD) model and spatial autocorrelation to analyze the impact of the MAUP on urban vitality and its Built Environment (BE) factors. The results indicated that (1) the five types of BE driving factors, including work, living, rest, traffic, and Points of Interest (POI) diversity, were spatially sensitive and exhibited scale threshold effects. (2) The zoning schemes demonstrated the ability to alter the explanatory power (q-value) of driving factors and their trends. The spatial granularity and aggregation level of the grid-based zoning scheme, NPP-VIIRS nighttime light zoning scheme, and land surface temperature zoning scheme exhibited a logarithmic relationship, where spatial autocorrelation levels decreased with increasing aggregation level. (3) Compared to single-factor effects, the interactive effects of BE factors exhibited a higher q-value for urban vitality. Additionally, the q-values for factor interactions were more stable in multiple spatial scales than those q-values for individual factors. This study provides decision-making references for urban planners and policymakers to accurately assess urban vitality and find balanced, improved paths to enhance it.

Abstract Background The purpose of the study was to assess and compare the clinical efficacy of bone transport with either circular or unilateral external fixators over an intramedullary nail in the treatment of tibial bone defects caused by infection. Methods Between May 2010 and January 2019, clinical and radiographic data were collected and analyzed for patients with bone defects caused by infection. Thirteen patients underwent bone transport using a unilateral external fixator over an intramedullary nail (Group A), while 12 patients were treated with a circular external fixator over an intramedullary nail (Group B). The bone and functional outcomes of both groups were assessed and compared using the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of the Ilizarov criteria, and postoperative complications were evaluated according to the Paley classification. Results A total of 25 patients were successfully treated with bone transport using external fixators over an intramedullary nail, with a mean follow-up time of 31.63 ± 5.88 months. There were no significant statistical differences in age, gender, previous surgery per patient, duration of infection, defect size, and follow-up time between Group A and Group B (P > 0.05). However, statistically significant differences were observed in operation time (187.13 ± 21.88 min vs. 255.76 ± 36.42 min, P = 0.002), intraoperative blood loss (39.26 ± 7.33 mL vs. 53.74 ± 10.69 mL, P

Abstract Objective To explore the value of six machine learning models based on PET/CT radiomics combined with EGFR in predicting brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Retrospectively collected 204 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent PET/CT examination and EGFR gene detection before treatment from Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University in 2020. Using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis to find the independent risk factors for brain metastasis. Based on PET/CT imaging combined with EGFR and PET metabolic indexes, established six machine learning models to predict brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, using ten-fold cross-validation to evaluate the predictive effectiveness. Results In univariate analysis, patients with N2-3, EGFR mutation-positive, LYM%≤20, and elevated tumor markers(P

Abstract Stretchable neuromorphic optoelectronics present tantalizing opportunities for intelligent vision applications that necessitate high spatial resolution and multimodal interaction. Existing neuromorphic devices are either stretchable but not reconcilable with multifunctionality, or discrete but with low-end neurological function and limited flexibility. Herein, we propose a defect-tunable viscoelastic perovskite film that is assembled into strain-insensitive quasi-continuous microsphere morphologies for intrinsically stretchable neuromorphic vision-adaptive transistors. The resulting device achieves trichromatic photoadaptation and a rapid adaptive speed (

Background: Nasal defects due to rat bites are frequently encountered in rural regions of China. In addition to serving as disease vectors, rats can also inflict bite injuries. In this study, we delineated the characteristics of rat bite injuries in the nasal region and discussed the clinical features observed during a 10-year follow-up period. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed hospital records for patients admitted due to rat bites. This study outlines the demographics, clinical features, and follow-up outcomes supported by comprehensive photo documentation of the patients’ progress. Results: Twenty-five patients, with a mean age of 29 years, were admitted due to rat bites. Treatment was provided for three distinct types of injuries: nasal tip defect (type I), nasal defect (type II), and full-thickness nasal defect with loss of surrounding tissues (type III). All patients recovered fully. Conclusions: The treatment for rat bites should be based on the wound type. The long-term follow-up outcomes are more favorable when fewer subunits of the nose affected. We recommend early surgical intervention, along with psychological therapy, to prevent interference with growth and development.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to develop a nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). The model is constructed utilizing clinical data and the SYNTAX Score (SS), and its predictive value is thoroughly evaluated. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, including 216 patients with AMI who underwent Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) within a week post-PCI. Clinical data were collected for all patients, and their SS were calculated based on coronary angiography results. Based on the presence or absence of IMH as indicated by CMR, patients were categorized into two groups: the IMH group (109 patients) and the non-IMH group (107 patients). The patients were randomly divided in a 7:3 ratio into a training set (151 patients) and a validation set (65 patients). A nomogram model was constructed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The predictive capability of the model was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, comparing the predictive value based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results In the training set, IMH post-PCI was observed in 78 AMI patients on CMR, while 73 did not show IMH. Variables with a significance level of P

Abstract The burgeoning development of railway construction in plateau regions of southwest China necessitates innovative and environmentally sustainable approaches, particularly in the realm of tunnel construction, where the transfer of muck poses significant operational and environmental challenges. This research, pivoting around the application and configuration of electric muck transfer equipment in plateau railway tunnels, seeks to dissect the potentialities and impediments of transitioning from conventional diesel-powered machinery to electric alternatives, with a spotlight on mitigating environmental impacts and enhancing operational efficiency. Through an analytical lens, the study employs a case study methodology, leveraging data and insights from existing electric equipment models and their applications, provided by major manufacturers in China, to weave a comprehensive narrative around the practicalities, specifications, and challenges embedded in the adoption of electric machinery in plateau environments. The findings unveil a nuanced landscape, where the environmental and operational advantages of electric equipment are juxtaposed against a backdrop of technological, financial, and infrastructural hurdles, thereby crafting a complex tapestry of opportunities and challenges. The research further extrapolates policy recommendations and practical guidelines, advocating for a harmonized amalgamation of governmental policies, technological advancements, and strategic planning to navigate through the identified challenges and optimize the integration of electric equipment in tunnel construction practices. Envisaging future research pathways, the study underscores the criticality of perpetuating technological innovations, policy adaptations, and interdisciplinary research to further refine and enhance the application of electric muck transfer equipment in plateau railway tunnel projects, thereby contributing to the broader narrative of sustainable construction practices in challenging terrains.

Abstract Background Although ROX index is frequently used to assess the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula treatment in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) patients, the relationship between the ROX index and the mortality remains unclear. Therefore, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the ROX index to predict mortality risk in patients with AHRF. Method Patients diagnosed with AHRF were extracted from the MIMIC-IV database and divided into four groups based on the ROX index quartiles. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, while in-hospital mortality and follow-up mortality were secondary outcomes. To investigate the association between ROX index and mortality in AHRF patients, restricted cubic spline curve and COX proportional risk regression were utilized. Result A non-linear association (L-shaped) has been observed between the ROX index and mortality rate. When the ROX index is below 8.28, there is a notable decline in the 28-day mortality risk of patients as the ROX index increases (HR per SD, 0.858 [95%CI 0.794–0.928] P

ABSTRACT: Mechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs) are promising candidates for the construction of elastomeric materials with desirable mechanical performance on account of their abilities to undergo inherent rotational and translational mechanical movements at the molecular level. However, the investigations on their mechanical properties are lagging far behind their structural fabrication, especially for linear polyrotaxanes in bulk. Herein, we report stretchable poly[2]rotaxane elastomers (PREs) which integrate numerous mechanical bonds in the polymeric backbone to boost macroscopic mechanical properties. Specifically, we have synthesized a hydroxy-functionalized [2]rotaxane that subsequently participates in the condensation polymerization with diisocyanate to form PREs. Benefitting from the peculiar structural and dynamic characteristics of the poly[2]rotaxane, the representative PRE exhibits favorable mechanical performance in terms of stretchability (∼1200%), Young's modulus (24.6 MPa), and toughness (49.5 MJ/m3). Moreover, we present our poly[2]rotaxanes as model systems to understand the relationship between mechanical bonds and macroscopic mechanical properties. It is concluded that the mechanical properties of our PREs are mainly determined by the unique topological architectures which possess a consecutive energy dissipation pathway including the dissociation of host−guest interaction and consequential sliding motion of the wheel along the axle in the [2]rotaxane motif.

Abstract Objectives To analyze the correlation among the imaging features of prostate “nodule in nodule,” clinical prostate indices, and pathology results. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the prostate images from 47 male patients who underwent MRI scans and pathological biopsy from January 2022 to July 2023. Two radiologists (R1/R2) evaluated the morphology and signal intensity of the “nodule in nodule” in a double-blind manner and calculated the PI-RADS v2.1 score, which was compared with clinical prostate indices and pathological results. Results 34.04% (16/47) of patients were pathologically diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free/t PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and prostate gland volume (PGV) were significantly different between csPCa patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with prostate “nodule in nodule”. R1/R2 detected 17/17 prostate “nodule in nodule” pathologically confirmed as csPCa on MRI; 10.60% (16/151) (R1) and 11.11% (17/153) (R2) had diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) PI-RADS v2.1 score of 4, and 0.66% (1/151) (R1) had a score of 3. The percentages of encapsulated, circumscribed, and atypical nodules and obscured margins were 0.00% (0/151), 0.00% (0/151), 5.96% (9/151), and 5.30% (8/151), respectively, for R1, and 0.00% (0/153), 0.00% (0/153), 5.88% (9/153), and 4.58% (7/153) for R2. Conclusion When the inner nodules of “nodule in nodule” lesions in PI-RADS v2.1 category 1 in the TZ show incomplete capsulation or obscured margins, they are considered atypical nodules and might be upgraded to PI-RADS v2.1 category 3 if they exhibit marked diffusion restriction. However, further validation is needed. Critical relevance statement This study first analyzed the relationship between clinical and pathological findings and the size, margin, and multimodal MRI manifestations of the prostate “nodule in nodule.” These findings could improve the diagnostic accuracy of PI-RADS v2.1 for prostate lesions. Key points • The margin of the prostate inner nodules affects the PI-RADS v2.1 score. • The morphology of prostate “nodule in nodule” is related to their pathology. • The PI-RADS v2.1 principle requires consideration of prostate “nodule in nodule” variants. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Challenges associated with stretchable optoelectronic devices, such as pixel size, power consumption and stability, severely brock their realization in high-resolution digital imaging. Herein, we develop a universal detachable interface technique that allows uniform, damage-free and reproducible integration of micropatterned stretchable electrodes for pixel-dense intrinsically stretchable organic transistor arrays. Benefiting from the ideal heterocontact and short channel length (2 μm) in our transistors, switching current ratio exceeding 106, device density of 41,000 transistors/cm2, operational voltage down to 5 V and excellent stability are simultaneously achieved. The resultant stretchable transistor-based image sensors exhibit ultrasensitive X-ray detection and high-resolution imaging capability. A megapixel image is demonstrated, which is unprecedented for stretchable direct-conversion X-ray detectors. These results forge a bright future for the stretchable photonic integration toward next-generation visualization equipment.

Abstract Background The rhizosphere environment regulated by root secretory activity and rhizosphere microbial interactions plays an essential role in resisting soil-borne diseases, while the host species is an important factor that affects the composition of root exudates and rhizosphere microbiomes. However, few studies have been done on the characteristics of root exudates and bacterial communities in terms of composition, diversity, and functional potential when host plants of different species are subjected to the same disease. Results In this study, we examined the rhizosphere soil bacteria and root exudates of both healthy and diseased tomatoes and peppers employing metabolomics and amplicon techniques. Our findings indicated that variations existed in both root exudates and the bacterial community among different host species and health states. The diversities of both rhizosphere metabolites and bacterial communities were significantly reduced in different diseased plants. Although pepper and tomato resisted the invasion of Ralstonia by recruiting different potentially beneficial bacteria, their rhizosphere bacterial communities had the same functional potential. In comparison to diseased rhizosphere soil, healthy rhizosphere soil had many more functional pathways associated with disease suppression and plant growth. Conclusions This study highlighted the crucial role of host plants in shaping the rhizosphere environment and revealed the variation characteristics of root exudates and rhizosphere bacteria of different host plants induced by the same disease. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Floor localization is crucial for various applications such as emergency response and rescue, indoor positioning, and recommender systems. The existing floor localization systems have many drawbacks, like low accuracy, poor scalability, and high computational costs. In this paper, we first frame the problem of floor localization as one of learning node embeddings to predict the floor label of a subgraph. Then, we introduce FloorLocator, a deep learning-based method for floor localization that integrates efficient spiking neural networks with powerful graph neural networks. This approach offers high accuracy, easy scalability to new buildings, and computational efficiency. Experimental results on using several public datasets demonstrate that FloorLocator outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Notably, in building B0, FloorLocator achieved recognition accuracy of 95.9%, exceeding state-of-the-art methods by at least 10%. In building B1, it reached an accuracy of 82.1%, surpassing the latest methods by at least 4%. These results indicate FloorLocator’s superiority in multi-floor building environment localization.

Abstract Balkground Gobio huanghensis is a small economic fish endemic to the Yellow River at the junction of the Tibetan Plateau and the Huangtu Plateau in China. To understand the impact of environmental changes and human activities on the ecological structure of the G. huanghensis population, a comparative study was conducted on the age composition, growth characteristics, mortality rate, and exploitation rate of the G. huanghensis populations in the Gansu and Ningxia sections of the upper Yellow River. Results During the investigation, a total of 1147 individuals were collected, with 427 individuals collected from the Gansu section and 720 individuals from the Ningxia section. The results showed that G. huanghensis in the Gansu section exhibited a total length ranging from 5.00 to 22.80 cm, with an average of 12.68 ± 4.03 cm. In the Ningxia section, the total length of G. huanghensis ranged from 2.15 to 20.65 cm, with an average of 9.48 ± 3.56 cm. The age composition of G. huanghensis in the Gansu section ranged from 1 to 7 years, where female fish were observed between 1 and 7 years old, and male fish between 1 and 6 years old. In the Ningxia section, both female and male fish ranged from 1 to 5 years old. The relationships between total length and body weight were (Gansu section, R 2 = 0.9738) and (Ningxia section, R 2 = 0.9686), indicating that fish in the Gansu section exhibit positive allometric growth, while fish in the Ningxia section exhibit negative allometric growth. The von Bertalanffy growth equation revealed that G. huanghensis in the Gansu section exhibited an asymptotic total length L ∞ of 27.426 cm with a growth coefficient K of 0.225 yr−1, while in the Ningxia section, the asymptotic total length L ∞ was 26.945 cm with a growth coefficient K of 0.263 yr−1. The total mortality rate (Z) values of G. huanghensis were 0.7592 yr and 1.1529 yr in the Gansu section and Ningxia section, respectively. The average natural mortality rate (M), estimated by three different methods, in the Gansu section was 0.4432 yr, while it was 0.5366 yr in the Ningxia section. The exploitation rate (E) of G. huanghensis was 0.4163 in the Gansu section and 0.5345 in the Ningxia section, indicating that the population in the Ningxia section may have been overexploited. Conclusion Prolonged fishing pressures and environmental changes may have led to variations in the ecological parameters of the G. huanghensis population between the Gansu and Ningxia sections.

Abstract Hypertension is a disease closely related to inflammation, and the systemic immunity-inflammation index (SII) is a new and easily detectable inflammatory marker. We aimed to investigate the association between SII and hypertension risk in a adult population in the US. We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 1999 to 2018, incorporating comprehensive information from adults reporting hypertension. This included details on blood pressure monitoring, complete blood cell counts, and standard biochemical results. The SII was computed as the platelet count multiplied by the neutrophil count divided by the lymphocyte count. We employed a weighted multivariate logistic regression model to examine the correlation between SII and hypertension. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential influencing factors. Furthermore, smooth curve fitting and two-piecewise logistic regression analysis were employed to describe non-linear relationships and identify inflection points. This population-based study involved 44,070 adults aged 20–85 years. Following Ln-transformation of the SII, multivariable logistic regression revealed that, in a fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of Ln(SII) had a 12% increased risk of hypertension compared to those in the lowest quartile, which was statistically significant (OR:1.12; 95% CI 1.01, 1.24; P 0.05). Additionally, the association between Ln(SII) and hypertension displayed a U-shaped curve, with an inflection point at 5.89 (1000 cells/μl). Based on this research result, we found a U-shaped correlation between elevated SII levels and hypertension risk in American adults, with a inflection point of 5.89 (1000 cells)/μl). To validate these findings, larger scale prospective surveys are needed to support the results of this study and investigate potential mechanisms.

There have been repeated security incidents in megaproject tunnels, construction security issues are particularly serious, and the management of security risks is receiving increasing attention. This study was conducted to improve the efficiency of tunnel security risk management, the security risk management process was adopted as an entry point, based on the Observe-Orient-Decision-Action (OODA) model, the influencing factors index system for the efficiency of security risk management in megaproject tunnels from four dimensions: observe, orient, decision and action. The AHP-EWM method is applied to assign index weights to model the system dynamics of security risk management efficiency. The Vensim software was used to simulate and analyse the effect of different indices on the efficiency of security risk management under different conditions, which provides a reference for improving the efficiency of security risk management. The results of the study show that building a comprehensive and uninterrupted risk information awareness network, real-time adaptation of risk control strategies based on the complexity of risks, and shortening risk management delays can effectively increase the efficiency of dynamic security risk management. This provides a theoretical and practical reference for effectively improving the efficiency of risk management for tunnel security in megaproject construction.

BackgroundParagonimiasis, primarily caused by Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini in China, is a common food-borne parasitic zoonosis. However, the national distribution of Paragonimus spp. infection and its associated environmental determinants remain poorly understood. In this paper, we summarize the infection of P. westermani and P. skrjabini and describe key biogeographical characteristics of the endemic areas in China.MethodsData on Paragonimus infection in humans and animal hosts were extracted from eight electronic databases, including CNKI, CWFD, Chongqing VIP, SinoMed, Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. All survey locations were georeferenced and plotted on China map, and scatter plots were used to illustrate the biogeographical characteristics of regions reporting Paragonimus infection.ResultsA total of 28,948 cases of human paragonimiasis have been documented, with 2,401 cases reported after 2010. Among the 11,443 cases with reported ages, 88.05% were children or adolescents. The pooled prevalence of P. skrjabini is 0.45% (95% CI: 0.27-0.66%) in snails, 31.10% (95% CI: 24.77-37.80%) in the second intermediate host, and 20.31% (95% CI: 9.69-33.38%) in animal reservoirs. For P. westermani, the pooled prevalence is 0.06% (95% CI: 0.01-0.13%) in snails, 52.07% (95% CI: 43.56-60.52%) in the second intermediate host, and 21.40% (95% CI: 7.82-38.99%) in animal reservoirs. Paragonimus are primarily distributed in regions with low altitude, high temperature, and high precipitation. In northeastern China, only P. westermani infections have been documented, while in more southern areas, infections of both P. westermani and P. skrjabini have been reported.ConclusionsParagonimiasis remains prevalent in China, particularly among children and adolescents. Variations exist in the intermediate hosts and geographical distribution of P. westermani and P. skrjabini. Additionally, altitude, temperature, and precipitation may influence the distribution of Paragonimus.

Urban-rural development is an important driving force for regional economic growth. The existing researches have studied this issue from various perspectives, but they ignore the impact of big data on the economy. In the post pandemic era, big data, as an emerging production factor, has a significant indicative effect in promoting urban-rural economic recovery and fostering new business forms. Therefore, fully considering the factor of big data can help reveal its impact mechanism on urban-rural economic growth in the post-epidemic period. Based on the data of 30 provinces and cities in China, this paper introduced big data on the basis of traditional models and constructed a multi-dimensional factor indicator system. At the same time, the panel regression model was established by using unit root test, Hausman test and precision test. Through benchmark regression and heterogeneity analysis, the impact of urban-rural development factors on economic growth was discussed. The results showed that the panel model passed all tests, and its regression error was stable below 5 %. Transportation, technology, and the three major industries can all promote positive economic growth, with a significance of 1 %. The three industries' contribution to economic growth ranks the third, second and first industries in order. In addition, the good ecological environment contributes to the benign economic growth during the study period. A 1 % increase in forest cover would drive economic growth by 0.215 %. But the impact of public's attention on the overall economy was an indirect effect manifested through its physical industries.The regional heterogeneity indicated that each element had different effects on economic development in eastern, central and western regions. Based on its results, this paper proposed suggestions for each region. In addition, this study found that the Internet attention reflected by big data did not directly drive economic growth, but affected economic growth through indirect channels such as information flow and resource allocation of real industries. This study provided data support for the existing theoretical review, and provided policy reference for the rational planning and industrial layout of China's regional economy.

IntroductionAnalyzing the correlation between planktonic eukaryotic communities (PECs) and aquatic physicochemical parameters (APPs) provides important references for predicting the impact of climate change and human activities on aquatic ecosystems.MethodsTo assess the influence of seasons and APPs on PEC structures in lakes and rivers, we utilized high-throughput sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene to analyze PEC structures in a lake and seven rivers in the Chaohu Lake Basin and analyzed their correlations with APPs.ResultsOur results revealed that PEC structure was significantly affected by season, with the highest α-diversity observed in summer. Furthermore, we identified several APPs, including water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphate, total phosphorus, trophic level index (TLI), nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen, that significantly influenced PEC structures. Specifically, we found that Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Simocephalus serrulatus, Cryptomonas sp. CCAC_0109, Pedospumella encystans, Actinochloris sphaerica, Chlamydomonas angulosa, Gonyostomum semen, Skeletonema potamos, Chlamydomonas klinobasis, Pedospumella sp., and Neochlorosarcina negevensis were significantly correlated to TLI, while Limnoithona tetraspina, Theileria sp., and Pseudophyllomitus vesiculosus were significantly correlated to the water quality index (WQI). However, our random forest regression analysis using the top 100 species was unable to accurately predict the WQI and TLI.DiscussionThese results provide valuable data for evaluating the impact of APPs on PEC and for protecting water resource in the Chaohu Lake Basin.

IntroductionEmergent crises can have a catastrophic impact on regional economic systems. The concurrent outbreaks of African Swine Fever (ASF) and the COVID-19 pandemic have severely affected Macau’s pork industry, making it an interesting case study for analyzing the effects of simultaneous emergent crises on food prices.MethodsThe study utilized a comprehensive dataset spanning from March 30, 2018, to April 15, 2022. The analysis employed the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method to decompose the pork price data into high-frequency, low-frequency, and trend components, while the Bai-Perron test pinpointed key events and regulatory interventions affecting pork prices.ResultsThe findings revealed that short-term market fluctuations had a limited impact on pork price dynamics, with primary drivers being long-term and low-frequency emergencies. The Bai-Perron test identified four significant emergencies or regulatory policies as critical turning points, segmenting the price series into five distinct phases. The results highlight the importance of considering long-cycle emergencies when assessing their impact on food prices and underline the need for more resilient agricultural supply chains.DiscussionThe study provides insights into how compounded emergent crisis threats impact market behavior and offers policy recommendations for enhancing market stability. Recommendations include strengthening cross-regional epidemic control, investing in vaccine research, optimizing cold chain logistics, updating legal frameworks, and improving emergency preparedness. The implications of these findings are relevant for similar regions facing concurrent health and economic crises, contributing to a better understanding of crisis management and market stability maintenance.

The electrothermal method for snow melting and deicing in road engineering provides efficient deicing. To improve the ice melting efficiency of carbon fiber heating cables, employing extruded polystyrene foam board (XPS)、polyethylene foam cotton (PEF) as insulation materials under the carbon fiber heating wire could reduce heat transfer to the lower layers of the road structure. Road model tests were conducted under various conditions to analyze how different heat insulation conditions、environmental temperatures affect road snow melting and ice melting. The results indicate that the placement of the heat insulation layer significantly affects the temperature fluctuation range between its upper and lower layers.The ice melting rate increases by 25∼50 % compared to pavement structures with no heat insulation layer. When heat insulation material is incorporated into the road structure layer, under preheated conditions, snow with a thickness of 0.2 cm on the surface of the plate heat insulation model can completely melt within 2.5 h, reducing the effective ice-melting time by 40∼51.7 %. A comparison of the thermal performance of the two insulation materials under various conditions reveals that the XPS plate is more suitable as an insulation layer compared to other materials.

Kuiyang-ST2000 is a deep-towed multichannel seismic system that provides high-resolution exploration of sub-seabed geological formations. Due to the uncertainty of the sound speed at full ocean depth, the travel-time positioning of sea surface reflected waves still has flaws in positioning arrays. This research reveals that the average sound speed of seawater selected for computing the array position only affects the vertical displacement of the arrays. thus, a polynomial fitting method is proposed to position the arrays. Because the nonuniform mass distribution complicates the array shape, first, the weight of the digital transmission unit is balanced by one designed floater so that the array shape becomes a simple convex curve during towing conditions. Afterward, one general sound speed is used to calculate the initial array position; then, the polynomial fitting method is used to tune the sound speed so that the seismic source and hydrophones are on the same convex curve. Finally, an accurate array position is calculated by the proposed positioning method, and the submarine shallow strata are imaged at a high resolution.