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This work describes unique molecular motions of ferrocene-containing interlocked molecules observed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The rotational flexibility of ferrocene is achieved using combinations of ferrocene-tethered ammonium and 30-membered ring dibenzo-crown ether. By contrast, ferrocene was locked in the complex with an 18-membered ring dibenzo-crown ether and CH2Cl2. When the complex was heated at 358 K, CH2Cl2 was removed from the complex, which led to drastic structural changes, including a semieclipsed-to-disordered transition of ferrocene and flipping of the dibenzo-crown ether., Unique molecular motions, reversible internal rotation of ferrocene and flipping of crown ether are observed in DB30C10 and DB18C6-containing interlocked molecules, respectively.

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) invented for the growth of compound semiconductors in the 70’s has been successfully extended to the advanced growth of metals, oxides, oxide/semiconductor interfaces and emergent topological materials by our endeavor in the past three and half decades. In the 80’s, Kwo et al. have invented metal MBE and oxide MBE methods in pioneering spintronics and high-temperature superconducting oxide films. In driving compound semiconductors for optoelectronics, Hong et al. have produced distributed Bragg reflectors with a continuously graded composition between each constituent without shutter operation, and greatly reduced the electrical resistance; this simple method has made easy manufacture of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. In the 90’s, combining (In)GaAs and oxide MBE chambers via ultra-high vacuum, Hong et al. were the first to unpin the Fermi level in oxide/GaAs, which led to the first demonstration of inversion-channel (In)GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Integrating MBE, atomic layer deposition (ALD), and many other functions in ultra-high vacuum, advances have been made in pushing ultimate complementary MOS (CMOS) of record-high device performances and beyond in growing emergent topological materials for spintronics. Our novel method in preserving as-grown (In)GaAs surfaces and interfaces with high-κ oxides and metals enables employing in-situ synchrotron radiation photoemission to study electronic structures in an atomic scale.

This study presents photoresponsive, dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals composed of axle molecules containing biferrocene or ferrocene groups threaded through a dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether ring. A biferr...

Molecular machines and switches composed of flexible pseudorotaxanes respond to external stimuli, transducing incident energy into mechanical motions. This study presents thermo- and photoresponsive dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals composed of axle molecules containing ferrocene or ruthenocene groups threaded through dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether rings. The ruthenocene-containing pseudorotaxane exhibits a crystal-to-crystal thermal phase transition at 86 °C, which is much lower than that of the ferrocene-containing pseudorotaxane (128 °C). Single-crystal X-ray crystallography at various temperatures reveals the details of the structural changes, and shows that the bulky ruthenocene provides distortion in the pseudorotaxane structure to facilitate twisting of the axle molecule. A mixed ferrocene and ruthenocene pseudorotaxane crystal is applied to photomechanical conversion under 405 nm laser irradiation at 85 °C and provides a lifting force 6,400-times the weight of the crystal itself upon phase transition.

Crystalline phase transitions caused by external stimuli have been used to detect physical changes in the solid-state properties. This study presents the mechanical switching of crystals of ferrocene-containing rotaxane controlled by focused laser light. The expansion and contraction of the crystals can be driven by turning on and off laser light at 445 nm. The irradiation-induced expansion of the crystal involves elongation along the a, b and c axes at 30 °C, whereas heating of the crystal at 105 °C causes the shortening of c axis. The expansions reversibly occur and have the advantage of a rapid relaxation (reverse) process. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography reveals the detailed structural changes of the molecules, corresponding to a change in the size of the crystals on laser irradiation. This molecular crystal behaviour induced by laser irradiation, is demonstrated for the remote control of objects, namely, microparticle transport and microswitching in an electric circuit., Crystalline phase transition can be used to detect changes in the solid state properties of materials. Here, the authors describe the mechanical response of a crystal composed of ferrocene-containing rotaxane to laser irradiation.

A cellphone with TEMS Pocket software (referred to as user equipment) was employed to measure 4G Internet signals in May 2017. Key performance indicators of packet-switched transmission between the user equipment and 4G EnodeB base stations were used to calculate the cell range and area coverage probability of an LTE network. The measurement was performed at Oriental Institute of Technology, a university located in Banqiao District, New Taipei City, in Northern Taiwan. The measurements were collected in a 1.3 × 1 km area (south-north by east-west) in densely populated urban areas of Banqiao District. A total of 26 EnodeB base stations were involved; among them, 18 supported the 700 MHz band, 19 supported the 1800 MHz band, and 21 supported the 2600 MHz band. The results of data analysis determined that, when signal data from multiple EnodeB base stations were averaged and receiver sensitivity was −105dBm, the mean all-modulated and coding scheme weighted cell range was 0.27436km and the area coverage probability was 59.07% at 700 MHz; the mean range was 0.2812 km and the area coverage probability was 48.79% at 1800 MHz; the mean range was 0.3175 km and the area coverage probability was 41.63% at 2600 MHz.

Harnessing the spin–momentum locking of topological surface states in conjunction with magnetic materials is the first step to realize novel topological insulator-based devices. Here, we report strong interfacial coupling in Bi2Se3/yttrium iron garnet (YIG) bilayers manifested as large interfacial in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) and enhancement of damping probed by ferromagnetic resonance. The interfacial IMA and damping enhancement reaches a maximum when the Bi2Se3 film approaches its two-dimensional limit, indicating that topological surface states play an important role in the magnetization dynamics of YIG. Temperature-dependent ferromagnetic resonance of Bi2Se3/YIG reveals signatures of the magnetic proximity effect of TC as high as 180 K, an emerging low-temperature perpendicular magnetic anisotropy competing the high-temperature IMA, and an increasing exchange effective field of YIG steadily increasing toward low temperature. Our study sheds light on the effects of topological insulators on magnetization dynamics, essential for the development of topological insulator-based spintronic devices. Understanding the effects of topological insulators on magnetization dynamics of adjacent magnetic materials is essential for novel spintronic devices. Here, Fanchiang et al. report thickness dependence of interfacial in-plane magnetic anisotropy and damping enhancement in Bi2Se3/yttrium iron garnet (YIG) bilayers, indicating an important role of topological surface states in the magnetization dynamics of YIG.

This study investigated the dynamic photoresponse of pseudorotaxane crystals with azobenzene and ferrocenyl groups in the axle component. X-ray crystallography showed pseudorotaxanes with a methylazobenzene group and a dibromophenylene ring in the cyclic component to exhibit twisting of the trans-azobenzene groups at torsion angles of 17° and 38°, respectively. Repeated alternating laser irradiation of the crystals at 360 and 445 nm produced bending of 20–30° in opposite directions, with no evidence of decay. Under 445 nm irradiation, bending took place within 0.3 s. A crystal of nonsubstituted pseudorotaxane showed bending of only 2° under 360 nm irradiation due to multiple π–π interactions between the planar trans-azobenzene groups. The pseudorotaxane crystals have two chromophores, bent rapidly and reversibly on irradiation at rates depending on the molecular structure.

This study used the measured data in the Kenting Spring Scream activity region, the mean cell range corresponding to each MCS was 0.39 km~1.99 km from MCS (0) to MCS (28), and the overall mean MCS cell range was 0.93 km. The measured value of the LTE cell range will be an important step to calculate the coverage probability of the real on-site LTE network. The measured data analysis results showed that the mean Downlink (DL) throughput corresponding to each MCS was 10.13 Mb/s~45.21Mb/s within MCS (0)~MCS (28), and the overall MCS mean DL throughput was 18.69 Mb/s. The mean SINR corresponding to each MCS was -1.18dB~22.85dB within MCS (0)~MCS (28), and the overall mean MCS SINR was about 10.05 dB. The mean RSRP for each MCS was -95.79 dBm to -70.79dBm within MCS (0)~MCS (28), and the overall mean MCS RSRP was about -85.65 dBm. Finally, the normalized 3GPP theoretical values and the measured values are compared and discussed.

Highly ordered thin films of pseudorotaxane consisting of the host cyclic molecule, dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8), and the guest axle molecule, N-(xylylammonium)-methylferrocene, were prepared on solid substrates via solution casting followed by annealing. Collective evidence obtained from X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, polarised optical microscopy (POM) and grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) experiments indicates that the specially architectured host and guest molecules can first form a highly ordered crystalline phase upon solvent evaporation. Annealing of this phase at temperatures above 130 °C leads to an irreversible transition of the crystal phase to a high-temperature (HT) crystalline phase with triclinic crystalline domain sizes of 50–100 μm. When cooled back to room temperature, the HT phase undergoes a solid–solid phase transition to a low-temperature (LT) crystalline phase of a similar triclinic form but favouring a tighter packing of axle molecules. Thermally reversible LT–HT phase transitions were consistently evidenced via in situ observations by POM and X-ray scattering and are attributed to a subtle ordering competition between the host cyclic molecules and guest axle molecules. This local structural transition, however, only slightly affects the stability of the layering frame structure of the pseudorotaxane film, in which the supermolecular complex adopts an edge-on orientation with the cyclic molecular plane being perpendicular to the substrate and is interlocked via interactions with the axle molecules. The results demonstrate the feasibility of self-assembled pseudorotaxane films with thermally driven phase transitions as a possible molecular switch.

The integration of quantum materials like topological insulators (TIs) with magnetic insulators (MIs) has important technological implications for spintronics and quantum computing. Here we report excellent crystallinity of c-axis oriented epitaxial TI films Bi2Se3 grown on MI films, a rare earth iron garnet (ReIG), such as thulium iron garnet (Tm3Fe5O12, TmIG) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with a Se-buffered low-temperature (SBLT) growth technique. We demonstrated a streaky reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern starting from the very first quintuple layer of Bi2Se3, indicating the high-quality interface between TmIG and Bi2Se3, a prerequisite for studying interfacial exchange coupling effects. The strong interfacial exchange interaction was manifested by observations of anomalous Hall effect in the Bi2Se3/TmIG bilayer and a shift of ferromagnetic resonance field of TmIG induced by Bi2Se3. We have reproducibly grown high-quality Bi2Se3/ReIG and interfaces using this new TI growth method, which may be applied to grow other types of van der Waals (vdW) hetero-structures., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures

Water-soluble polymers comprising itaconic amide acid with acrylic acid or acrylamide, which contain carboxylic acid and amide groups capable of coordinating to the copper catalyst, were synthesized by radical polymerization using an azobisisobutyronitrile initiator. These polymers were used as polymer ligands to prepare copper complexes, which were subsequently analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The complexes were then used as catalysts for the oxidative polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP) to synthesize poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) under oxygen and in the presence of a surfactant in alkaline water. The polymerization conditions were optimized by varying the amounts of polymer ligands and copper precursors, the concentrations of surfactant and hydrogen chloride, and the temperature, resulting in PPO with a maximum yield of 93%, a number-average molecular weight (M n) of 3700, and a molecular weight distribution (M w/M n) of 2.12. This yield is higher than that previously achieved using arginine ligand in water (72%). Furthermore, the optimum conditions were applied in the copolymerization of DMP and 2-allyl-6-methylphenol to obtain a thermally crosslinkable copolymer in 95% yield (M n = 3000, M w/M n = 2.5). In addition, the catalyst complex of the copper–polymer ligand was recovered and reused after the polymerization of DMP. The catalyst maintained its activity even after being recycled five times, without the addition of copper precursor or polymer ligand, thereby demonstrating an environmentally friendly process wherein environmental emissions and production costs can be substantially reduced.

Single crystals of YBa2Cu3O6 + δ, completely separated from flux, measuring up to 5–6 mm2 and 0.25–0.5 mm thick, were grown reproducibly from BaCuO2 solutions containing 0.8 wt% Ta2O5, by the top seeded solution growth technique. Addition of Ta increases the crystal size due to reduced nucleation. The crystals exhibit a broad superconducting transition at 80 K when annealed in air (a narrow transition at 86 K on oxygen annealing), attributed to the incorporation of stoichiometric excess of oxygen in the presence of Ta, as supported by the EDX, thermogravimetry and oxygen titration analysis.

A full-duplex fiber-to-the-X (FTTX)/radio-over-fiber (ROF) transport system based on a broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source is proposed and demonstrated for rural wide-spread villages. Combining the concepts of long-transmission transmission and ring topology, a long-haul single-mode fiber (SMF) trunk is sharing with multiple rural villages. Externally modulated baseband (BB) (1.25 Gbps) and radio-frequency (RF) (622 Mbps/10 GHz) signals are successfully transmitted simultaneously. Good bit error rate (BER) performance was achieved to demonstrate the practice of providing wire/wireless connections for long-haul wide-spread rural villages. Since our proposed system uses only a broadband ASE light source to achieve multi-wavelengths transmissions, it also reveals an outstanding one with simpler and more economic advantages.