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A* algorithm and ant colony optimization (ACO) are more widely used in path planning among global path planning algorithms. The optimization process is analyzed and summarized from the principles and characteristics of the two algorithms, A* algorithm is mainly optimized in terms of point selection and improvement of heuristic function; and ACO is mainly investigated in terms of transfer probability and pheromone positive feedback for improvement and optimization. Taking a single algorithm solving complex optimization problems difficulties into consideration, a splitting strategy can be used. So that local path or intelligent path optimization algorithms are incorporated in global path planning to improve search efficiency and optimization quality.

Developing active and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is vital for the sustainable production of hydrogen (H2). In this report, NiS2 nanoparticles were deposited on the two-dimension (2D) MoS2 nanosheets by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The as-prepared MoS2/NiS2 composites were used as a working electrode for HER and displayed improved catalytic efficiency over the pristine MoS2 electrode. The electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the overpotential and the Tafel slope of the optimized MoS2/NiS2 composite were −114.6 mV and 45.4 mV/dec, which were very close to the benchmark Pt/C electrode. The improved HER activity of the MoS2/NiS2 composites could be due to the synergic effects between MoS2 and NiS2. This work could provide helpful guidance on how to design and construct efficient MoS2-based electrocatalysts for HER.

Aims: To verify the hypothesis that the hepatic vein ligation (HVL) alone may produce similar results to the live venous deprivation (LVD or HVL/PVL). Methods: Rats were assigned to 5 groups, the control group; R group: the right median hepatic vein (RMHV) was ligated; M group: the middle median hepatic vein (MMHV) was ligated, RM group: both the RMHV and MMHV were ligated; LVD group: both the right median portal vein (RMPV) and the RMHV were ligated. Liver hypertrophy effect and liver enzymes were determined. The methylene blue staining and retrograde pressurized perfusion assay were performed to observe the hemodynamic changes. Results: The RM and LVD groups exhibited similar significant hypertrophy in the future liver remnants when compared to the control group, and almost no additional hypertrophy effect were observed in the R and M group. A remarkable elevation in serum transaminase levels in both those groups. The methylene blue staining indicated that there are pressured-dependent collaterals between the contigeous drainage areas, the R+MMHVL procedures block the outflow of RML. Conclusion: The extended ligation of hepatic vein (R+MMHVL) obtained the similar hypertrophy effect and hepatic damage to the LVD in rat model, and the intrahepatic venovenous collaterals play key roles.

Background: To analyze the clinical characteristics and predictors for mortality of adult younger than 60 years old with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: We retrospectively retrieved data for 152 severe inpatients with COVID-19 including 60 young patients in the Eastern Campus of Wuhan University affiliated Renmin Hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 31, 2020 to February 20, 2020. We recorded and analyzed patients' demographic, clinical, laboratory, and chest CT findings, treatment and outcomes data. Results: Of those 60 severe young patients, 15 (25%) were died. Male was more predominant in deceased young patients (12, 80%) than that in recovered young patients (22, 49%). Hypertension was more common among deceased young patients (8, 53%) than that in recovered young patients (7, 16%). Compared with the recovered young patients, more deceased young patients presented with sputum (11, 73%), dyspnea (12, 80%) and fatigue (13, 87%). Only sputum, PSI and neutrophil counts were remained as independent predictors of death in a multivariate logistic regression model. Among ARDS patients, the recovered were administrated with corticosteroid earlier and anticoagulation. The addition of neutrophil counts >6.3×109/L to the SMART-COP score resulted in improved area under the curves. Conclusions: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection in young deceased patients appears to cause exuberant inflammatory responses, leading to compromised oxygen exchange, coagulation and multi-organ dysfunction. In addition, young patients with ARDS could benefit from adjuvant early corticosteroid and anticoagulation therapy. The expanded SMART-COP could predict the fatal outcomes with optimal efficiency. © Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.

Although post-translational modification is critical to tumorigenesis, how succinylation modification of lysine sites influences hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure. 90 tumours and paired adjacent normal tissue of liver cancer were enrolled for succinylation staining. 423 HCC samples with 20 genes related to succinylation modification from TCGA were downloaded for model construction. Statistical methods were employed to analyse the data, including the Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm, and Cox regression analysis. The staining pan-succinyllysine antibody staining indicated that tumour tissues had a higher succinyllysine level than adjacent tissues (p lt; 0.001), which could be associated with a worse prognosis (p = 0.02). The survival was associated with pathological stage, tumour recurrence status and succinyllysine intensity in the univariate or multivariable cox survival analysis model. The risk model from 20 succinyllysine-related genes had the best prognosis prediction. The high expression of succinylation modification in HCC contributed to the worse patient survival prognosis. Model construction of 20 genes related to succinylation modification (MEAF6, OXCT1, SIRT2, CREBBP, KAT5, SIRT4, SIRT6, SIRT7, CPT1A, GLYATL1, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT5, SUCLA2, SUCLG1 and SUCLG2) could be reliable in predicting prognosis in HCC.

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics of patients who died of COVID-19 and to identify patients at high risk of death at an early stage and reduce their mortality. Results: Total white blood cell count, neutrophil count and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patients who died of COVID-19 than those who recovered from it (p < 0.05), but the total lymphocyte count, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, B cells and natural killer cells were significantly lower when compared in the same groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increased D-dimer, decreased CD4 + T cells and increased neutrophils were risk factors for mortality. Further multiple COX regression demonstrated that neutrophil ≥ 5.27 × 109/L increased the risk of death in COVID-19 patients after adjustment for age and gender. However, CD4 + T cells ≥ 260/μL appeared to reduce the risk of death. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection led to a significant decrease of lymphocytes, and decreased CD4 + T cell count was a risk factor for COVID-19 patients to develop severe disease and death. Methods: This study included 190 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from January 30, 2020 to March 4, 2020 in Wuhan, China, of whom 85 died and 105 recovered. Two researchers independently collected the clinical and laboratory data from electronic medical records.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the organization, workload, and psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers from the domestic Medical Aid Teams (MATs) sent to Wuhan in China. Methods: Leaders and members of MATs involved in the care for COVID-19 patients were invited to participate in a study by completing 2 separate self-report questionnaires from April 1 to 24, 2020. Results: A total of 9 MAT leaders were involved and 464 valid questionnaires were collected from 140 doctors and 324 nurses. Mean age of the doctors and nurses were 39.34 ± 6.70 (26∼58 years old) and 31.88 ± 5.29 (21∼52 years old), with 72 (15.5%) being males. Nurses were identified as an independent risk factor (HR 1.898; P = 0.001) for a day working time in the multivariate analysis. The proportions of psychological consulting received among nurses were higher than those among doctors (49.7 vs 30.0%, P < 0.001). More than 50% of the anesthetists and emergency doctors who have received psychological consulting thought that it was effective according to self-evaluation. Conclusions: This study focused on healthcare workers’ situation during the early period of the pandemic. Nurses worked longer than doctors. The effectiveness of psychological consulting depends on the physicians’ specialties and the working conditions of the nurses and psychological consulting targeting different specialties need to be improved.

BackgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) poses a great threat to global public health. At present, the number of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths is increasing worldwide. The strategy of comprehensive and scientific detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for special populations and environments provides great support for the prevention and control of this pandemic in China. Our study focused on determining the factors associated with the length of time from symptom onset to the first positive nucleic acid test of throat swabs in COVID-19 patients, evaluating the effect of early positive nucleic acid detection on the disease severity and its significance in prognosis, and predicting the factors associated with the time from positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA test to negative conversion (negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 virus) in COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis study included 116 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from January 30, 2020 to March 4, 2020 in Wuhan, China. Throat swab samples were collected for qRT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and all patients included in this study were positive for this test.ResultsThe multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that disease severity (HR = 0.572; 95% CI 0.348–0.942; p = 0.028) was a protective factor for the time from symptom onset to positive nucleic acid detection. Meanwhile, the time from symptom onset to positive nucleic acid detection (HR = 1.010; 95% CI 1.005–1.020; p = 0.0282) was an independent risk factor for the delay in negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the severity of the disease (HR=1.120; 95% CI 0.771–1.640; p = 0.544) had no correlation with the negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 virus.ConclusionsPatients with more severe disease had a shorter time from symptom onset to a positive nucleic acid test. Prolonged time from symptom onset to positive nucleic acid test was an independent risk factor for the delay in negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the severity of the disease had no correlation with negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Background Cardiac injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in recent studies. However, reports on the risk factors for cardiac injury and their prognostic value are limited. Results In total, 15.9% of all cases were defined as cardiac injury in our study. Patients with severe COVID-19 were significantly associated with older age and higher respiratory rates, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, cardiac injury biomarkers and PaO2/FiO2 ratios. Male patients with chest distress and dyspnea were more likely to have severe disease. Patients with cardiac injury were significantly more likely to have a severe condition and have an outcome of death. However, no significant difference was found in respiratory rates, dyspnea or PaO2/FiO2 ratio between patients with or without cardiac injury. In the logistic regression model, pre-existing hypertension and higher SOFA score were independent risk factors for patients with COVID-19 developing cardiac injury. Conclusions Our study revealed that cardiac injury was an important predictor for patients having a severe or fatal outcome. Patients with pre-existing hypertension and higher SOFA scores upon admission were more likely to develop cardiac injury. Nevertheless, pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and oxygen inhalation insufficiency were not the main causes of cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19. Methods A total of 113 confirmed cases were included in our study. Severe patients were defined according to American Thoracic Society guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia. Cardiac injury was defined as a serum cTnI above the 99th-percentile of the upper reference limit. Patient characteristics, clinical laboratory data and treatment details were collected and analyzed. The risk factors for patients with and without cardiac injury were analyzed.

Introduction COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide and has been declared a pandemic. Objectives To delineate clinical features of COVID-19 patients with different severities and prognoses and clarify the risk factors for disease progression and death at an early stage. Methods Medical history, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome data from 214 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Eastern Campus of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University in China were collected from 30 January 2020 to 20 February 2020, and risk factors associated with clinical deterioration and death were analysed. The final date of follow-up was 21 March 2020. Results Age, comorbidities, higher neutrophil cell counts, lower lymphocyte counts and subsets, impairment of liver, renal, heart, coagulation systems, systematic inflammation and clinical scores at admission were significantly associated with disease severity. Ten (16.1%) moderate and 45 (47.9%) severe patients experienced deterioration after admission, and median time from illness onset to clinical deterioration was 14.7 (IQR 11.3-18.5) and 14.5 days (IQR 11.8-20.0), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed increased Hazards Ratio of disease progression associated with older age, lymphocyte count 9.5 mmol/L, lactate dehydrogenase >250 U/L and procalcitonin >0.1 ng/mL at admission. These factors were also associated with the risk of death except for BUN. Prediction models in terms of nomogram for clinical deterioration and death were established to illustrate the probability. Conclusions These findings provide insights for early detection and management of patients at risk of disease progression or even death, especially older patients and those with comorbidities.

Introduction: To explore the involvement of the cardiovascular system in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we investigated whether myocardial injury occurred in COVID-19 patients and assessed the performance of serum high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels in predicting disease severity and 30-day in-hospital fatality. Methods: We included 244 COVID-19 patients, who were admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University with no preexisting cardiovascular disease or renal dysfunction. We analyzed the data including patients' clinical characteristics, cardiac biomarkers, severity of medical conditions, and 30-day in-hospital fatality. We performed multivariable Cox regressions and the receiver operating characteristic analysis to assess the association of cardiac biomarkers on admission with disease severity and prognosis. Results: In this retrospective observational study, 11% of COVID-19 patients had increased hs-cTnI levels (>40 ng/L) on admission. Of note, serum hs-cTnI levels were positively associated with the severity of medical conditions (median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 6.00 [6.00-6.00] ng/L in 91 patients with moderate conditions, 6.00 [6.00-18.00] ng/L in 107 patients with severe conditions, and 11.00 [6.00-56.75] ng/L in 46 patients with critical conditions, P for trend=0.001). Moreover, compared with those with normal cTnI levels, patients with increased hs-cTnI levels had higher in-hospital fatality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 4.79 [1.46-15.69]). The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that the inclusion of hs-cTnI levels into a panel of empirical prognostic factors substantially improved the prediction performance for severe or critical conditions (area under the curve (AUC): 0.71 (95% CI: 0.65-0.78) vs. 0.65 (0.58-0.72), P=0.01), as well as for 30-day fatality (AUC: 0.91 (0.85-0.96) vs. 0.77 (0.62-0.91), P=0.04). A cutoff value of 20 ng/L of hs-cTnI level led to the best prediction to 30-day fatality. Conclusions: In COVID-19 patients with no preexisting cardiovascular disease, 11% had increased hs-cTnI levels. Besides empirical prognostic factors, serum hs-cTnI levels upon admission provided independent prediction to both the severity of the medical condition and 30-day in-hospital fatality. These findings may shed important light on the clinical management of COVID-19.

DLC (diamond-like carbon) films were prepared on Ti/PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate) under the different bias; the principal purpose of this study is to explore structural differences of films on Ti/PMMA with and without conductive material, and to further clarify the role of the conductive Ti interlayer in influencing the deposition mechanism. The results indicate that the films deposited on Ti/PMMA with conductive material exhibit uniform DLC structure and mechanical hardness when the bias voltage is ≥550 V. Furthermore, the deposited DLC does not change the wettability of PMMA, while the addition of the Ti interlayer virtually increases the risk of peeling off of the film. The results of the tribological study demonstrate the films on Ti/PMMA with conductive material have better tribological properties than those without conductive adhesive. This research work can provide basic theoretical guidance for depositing uniform DLC films on PMMA and even on all non-conductive substrates.

Hydrogel plays an important role in the composition of biological tissue. Muscle, cell membrane, blood vessel wall, hair and cartilage in human body can be regarded as hydrogel. The mucus on the surface of natural living organisms such as loach, andrias davidianus and earthworm is natural hydrogel. This kind of mucus with peculiar smell is produced by living organisms due to external stimulation of body surface stress response. It is a kind of self-protection. And this mucus has certain effects of antibacterial, antifatigue and enhancing immunity. The main component of mucus is collagen with shorter molecular structure and molecular weight is relatively small, and the content of collagen can reach about 40 ∼ 60 % in mucus. It has a certain bonding effect on skin surface damage, and plays the function of quickly closing wounds and killing bacteria. Hyaluronic acid (HA), active structure in oligosaccharide peptide and collagen peptide extracted from mucus, particularly type II collagen, play important roles in skin repair. This function of this natural hydrogel may open a new approach for the development of secondary functions of such organisms.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (designated as SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic worldwide. Based on the current reports, hypertension may be associated with increased risk of sever condition in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently identified to functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Previous experimental data revealed ACE2 level was increased following treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Currently doctors concern whether these commonly used renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers-ACEIs/ARBs may increase the severity of COVID-19.We extracted data regarding 50 hospitalized hypertension patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Feb 7 to Mar 03, 2020. These patients were grouped into RAS blockers group (Group A, n=20) and non-RAS blockers group (Group B, n=30) according to the basic blood pressure medications. All patients continued to use pre-admission antihypertensive drugs. Clinical severity (symptoms, laboratory and chest CT findings, etc.), clinical course, and short time outcome were analyzed after hospital admission.Ten (50%) and seventeen (56.7%) of the Group A and Group B participants were males (P=0.643), and the average age was 52.65±13.12 and 67.77±12.84 years (P=0.000), respectively. The blood pressure of both groups was under effective control. There was no significant difference in clinical severity, clinical course and in-hospital mortality between Group A and Group B. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P=0.03), and N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) (P=0.04) showed significant lower level in Group A than in Group B. But the patients with more than 0.04ng/mL or elevated NT-proBNP level had no statistical significance between the two groups. In patients over 65 years or under 65 years, cTnI or NT-proBNP level showed no difference between the two groups.We observed there was no obvious difference in clinical characteristics between RAS blockers and non-RAS blockers groups. These data suggest ACEIs/ARBs may have few effects on increasing the clinical severe conditions of COVID-19.

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread globally and caused over 3 million deaths, posing great challenge on public health and medical systems. Limited data are available predictive factors for disease progression. We aim to assess clinical and radiological predictors for pulmonary aggravation in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: Patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China, between Feb. 6th, 2020 and Feb. 21st, 2020 were retrospectively collected. Enrolled patients were divided into non -progression group and progression group based on initial and follow-up chest CTs. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological variables were analyzed. Results: During the study period, 162 patients were identified and a total of 126 patients, including 97 (77.0%) severe cases and 29 (23.0%) critically ill cases were included in the final analysis. Median age was 66.0 (IQR, 56.0-71.3) years. Median time from onset to initial chest CT was 15.0 (IQR, 12.0-20.0) days and median interval to follow-up was 7.0 (IQR, 5.0-7.0) days. Compared with those who did not progress (n=111, 88.1%), patients in the progression group (n=15, 11.9%) had significantly higher percentage of peak body temperature >38 celcius (P=0.002), lower platelet count (P=0.011), lower CD4 T cell count (P=0.002), lower CD8 count (P=0.011), higher creatine kinase level (P=0.002), and lower glomerular filtration rate (P=0.018). On both univariate and multivariable analysis, only CD4 T cell count

Background Over 5,488,000 cases of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have been reported since December 2019. We aim to explore risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients and assess the use of D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and clinical outcome. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of 248 consecutive cases of COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China from January 28 to March 08, 2020. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to explore risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Correlations of D-dimer upon admission with disease severity and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff level for D-dimer that discriminated those survivors versus non-survivors during hospitalization. Results Multivariable regression that showed D-dimer > 2.0 mg/L at admission was the only variable associated with increased odds of mortality [OR 10.17 (95% CI 1.10–94.38), P = 0.041]. D-dimer elevation (≥ 0.50 mg/L) was seen in 74.6% (185/248) of the patients. Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis were ruled out in patients with high probability of thrombosis. D-dimer levels significantly increased with increasing severity of COVID-19 as determined by clinical staging (Kendall’s tau-b = 0.374, P = 0.000) and chest CT staging (Kendall’s tau-b = 0.378, P = 0.000). In-hospital mortality rate was 6.9%. Median D-dimer level in non-survivors (n = 17) was significantly higher than in survivors (n = 231) [6.21 (3.79–16.01) mg/L versus 1.02 (0.47–2.66) mg/L, P = 0.000]. D-dimer level of > 2.14 mg/L predicted in-hospital mortality with a sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 71.3% (AUC 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.92). Conclusions D-dimer is commonly elevated in patients with COVID-19. D-dimer levels correlate with disease severity and are a reliable prognostic marker for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for COVID-19.

Additional file 1: Supplement table 1. Clinical Classifications of COVID-19.

Background Liver injury is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although its effect on patient outcomes has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of liver injury on the prognosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, data on 109 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were extracted and analyzed. The primary composite end-point event was the use of mechanical ventilation or death. Results At admission, of the 109 patients enrolled, 56 patients (51.4%) were diagnosed with severe disease, and 39 (35.8%) presented with liver injury, which mainly manifested as elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) accompanied simultaneously by an increase in the level of γ-glutamyl transferase. A primary composite end-point event occurred in 21 patients (19.3%). Liver injury was more prevalent in patients with severe disease than in those with non-severe disease (46.4% vs. 24.5%, P=0.017). However, there was no significant difference found between severe and non-severe patients in the use of mechanical ventilation, mortality, hospital stay, or use and dosage of glucocorticoids between individuals with and without liver injury (all P>0.05). The degree of disease severity (OR =7.833, 95% CI, 1.834-31.212, P=0.005) and presence of any coexisting illness (OR =4.736, 95% CI, 1.305-17.186, P=0.018) were predictable risk factors for primary composite end-point events, whereas liver injury had no significance in this aspect (OR =0.549, 95% CI, 0.477-5.156, P=0.459). Conclusions Liver injury was more common in severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia than in non-severe cases. However, liver injury had no negative effect on the prognosis and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (designated as SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic worldwide. Based on the current reports, hypertension may be associated with increased risk of sever condition in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently identified to functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Previous experimental data revealed ACE2 level was increased following treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Currently doctors concern whether these commonly used renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers-ACEIs/ARBs may increase the severity of COVID-19. Methods We extracted data regarding 50 hospitalized hypertension patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Feb 7 to Mar 03, 2020. These patients were grouped into RAS blockers group (Group A, n=20) and non-RAS blockers group (Group B, n=30) according to the basic blood pressure medications. All patients continued to use pre-admission antihypertensive drugs. Clinical severity (symptoms, laboratory and chest CT findings, etc.), clinical course, and short time outcome were analyzed after hospital admission. Results Ten (50%) and seventeen (56.7%) of the Group A and Group B participants were males (P=0.643), and the average age was 52.65±13.12 and 67.77±12.84 years (P=0.000), respectively. The blood pressure of both groups was under effective control. There was no significant difference in clinical severity, clinical course and in-hospital mortality between Group A and Group B. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P=0.03), and N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) (P=0.04) showed significant lower level in Group A than in Group B. But the patients with more than 0.04ng/mL or elevated NT-proBNP level had no statistical significance between the two groups. In patients over 65 years or under 65 years, cTnI or NT-proBNP level showed no difference between the two groups. Conclusions We observed there was no obvious difference in clinical characteristics between RAS blockers and non-RAS blockers groups. These data suggest ACEIs/ARBs may have few effects on increasing the clinical severe conditions of COVID-19.

The publication of electronic medical records involves the medical services record being published for patients in real time during the entire diagnostic and treatment process, which not only helps the medical institutions standardize the diagnosis and treatment activities of medical staff and upgrade the quality of medical records, but also respects the patient's right of informed consent and the patient's right of self-determination, increases the mutual trust between doctors and patients, and helps to reduce and deal with risks in medical disputes. Therefore, the publication of electronic medical record content is inevitable. However, in the publication process, the training provided to the medical staff regarding information publication and the relevant laws and regulations, should be strengthened, and suggestions for establishing a quality control system for electronic medical records and the steps to implement them, are put forward.