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This study synthesizes the public management and emergency management literature to construct dimensions and components of the concept of emergency management collaborative competencies. These competencies are classified into four general dimensions: Leadership and Decision-Making, Team Building and Management, Resource Management, and Emergency Management Knowledge Brokerage and each dimension consists of multiple components. To date, the applicability of these dimensions to local emergency managers in Taiwan has yet to be accessed. Using data collected from a survey of 16 emergency management practitioners and scholars in Taiwan, this study uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to compare and rank the identified collaborative competencies. The results reveal the general applicability of the collaborative competencies dimensions to Taiwanese local emergency managers. The Emergency Management Knowledge Brokerage dimension, and the Communication and Negotiation and Conflict Management components of Team Building and Management, however, were considered less important. The results also show that practitioners and scholars hold different perceptions about the importance of the competencies in the dimensions of Leadership and Decision-Making, Team Building and Management, and Resource Management. This study further our understandings of the emergency management collaborative competencies construct, and efforts to bridge the emergency management research and practice communities.

Emergency management typically consists of four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Citizen participation is recognized as key to these four phases, and local governments are responsible for promoting authentic citizen participation in all phases. Many studies have asserted the importance of citizen participation in improving the capabilities of community-based emergency response and recovery, yet studies on citizen activities and participation in the pre-disaster process are relatively limited. In practice, increasing citizen preparedness for disasters has presented a challenge to local emergency management agencies. In Taiwan, the approaches employed by local emergency management agencies for mobilizing citizens to participate in emergency management activities are often considered in isolation from their other administrative duties. To fill this gap, this study examines factors for mobilizing citizens in disaster exercises from the perspective of local fire branch heads. Using survey data collected from Southern Taiwan in 2013, we found that the capacity of local fire branches to provide emergency communications and information delivery, as well as pre-disaster risk assessment and alert systems, is critical for enhancing citizen participation in the local emergency preparedness process. 应急管理通常包括四个阶段：减灾、准备、响应和恢复。公民参与被认为对这四个阶段都很关键，而地方政府有责任在所有阶段都推动真正的公民参与。许多研究都指出了公民参与在提高社区应急响应和灾后重建能力的重要性，但是有关灾前过程中公民活动和参与的研究却相对较少。在实践中，增强公民应对灾害的就绪度，是地方应急管理部门面临的一大挑战。台湾地方应急管理部门动员公民参与应急管理活动的方式，通常被认为同其他行政职责是相割裂的。为了填补这项空白，本研究从地方消防部门主管的角度，考察了在灾害演练中动员公民的影响因素。使用2013年在台南收集的调查数据，我们发现地方消防部门提供应急沟通与信息传递的能力，以及灾前风险评估和预警系统，是地方应急就绪过程中促进公民参与的关键因素。 재난 관리는 일반적으로 완화, 예방, 대응 그리고 회복의 네 단계로 구성된다. 시민참여는 이러한 네 단계의 핵심으로 인식되며, 지방 정부는 모든 단계에서 진정한 시민 참여 증진에 관한 책임이 있다. 많은 선행 연구가 공동체 기반의 재난 대응과 회복 능력을 개선하기 위하여 시민 참여가 가지는 중요성을 역설하였지만, 재난 이전 단계에서의 시민 활공과 참여에 관한 연구는 제한적이었다. 실무에서의 재난에 관한 시민 예방 증진은 지방 재난 관리 부처에 과제를 제공해 왔다. 대만에서의 지방 재난 관리 부처의 재난 관리 활동에 시민 참여 활성화 방안은 기타의 행정 의무와 별개로 고려되어 왔다. 이러한 선행연구의 공백을 메우기 위하여 본 연구는 지방 소방서장의 관점에서 재난 관리에 시민 참여를 활성화하는 요인을 연구하였다. 본 연구는 2013년 남부 대만에서 수집된 서베이 자료를 이용하여 지방 소방서의 재난 커뮤니케이션, 정보 제공, 재난 이전 리스크 평가 그리고 경보 체제를 제공하는 지방 소방서의 능력이 지방 재난 예방 과정에 시민참여를 고양하는 중요한 요인이라는 것을 확인하였다.

(2012). Digital Governance: New Technologies for Improving Public Service and Participation. International Review of Public Administration: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 175-178.

E-government uses information and communication technology to provide citizens with information about public services. Less pervasive, e-democracy offers greater electronic community access to political processes and policy choices. Few studies have examined these twin applications separately, although they are widely discussed in the literature as distinct. The authors, Chung-pin Lee of Tamkang University and Kaiju Chang and Frances Stokes Berry of Florida State University, empirically analyze factors associated with the relative level of development of e-government and e-democracy across 131 countries. Their hypotheses draw on four explanations of policy change—learning, political norms, competition, and citizen pressures. All four explanations are strongly linked to nations where e-government policy is highly advanced, whereas a country’s e-democracy development is connected to complex internal factors, such as political norms and citizen pressures.