Search

The radiation shielding characteristics of the polyester resin composites reinforced with cerium(iv) oxide (CeO2) have been studied. The prepared composites were pure polyester–resin (Poly/CeO2-0), 90% per weight polyester resin and 10% CeO2 (Poly/CeO2-10), (Poly/CeO2-30), (Poly/CeO2-50), and (Poly/CeO2-60). The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values for the free polyester and polyester samples with CeO2 were experimentally measured compared with the XCOM data. The experimental LAC value was found to be 0.2377 cm−1 at 0.0595 MeV, which is in good agreement with the calculated value of 0.2454 cm−1. Also, for the same sample, the experimental LAC was found to be 0.1034 cm−1 at 0.662 MeV, showing a good agreement with the calculated value of 0.1057 cm−1. The LAC values for the free polyester, Pol/CeO2-30, and Pol/CeO2-60 are 1.43, 31.82, and 107.77 cm−1 at 0.015 MeV, respectively. The big difference in the LAC values between the composite with 0 and 60% CeO2 is evident. The radiation shielding efficiency (RSE) of the polyester with different amounts of CeO2 was experimentally measured at four energy values. Also, we extended the calculation of RSE at other energy values in the range of 0.015–15 MeV). The exposure buildup factor (EBF) values for the free CeO2 sample and the samples with CeO2 are calculated. The EBF is small at low energies, then increases, and attains a maximum value at moderate energy; the EBF shows a decreasing trend with an increase in the energy.

Barium fluoride borosilicate glass samples reinforced with varying amounts of Gd2O3 (BSBLG0–BSBLG4) have been manufactured using the conventional melt quenching procedure in order to provide additional research on the type of borosilicate glass. Structural, physical, and linear optical characteristics as well as γ-ray attenuation capacity of barium fluoride borosilicate doped with Gd2O3 was investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern proving the amorphous nature of the glass samples due to the absence of a distinctive crystalline characteristic peak. The density (ρ) slightly increased from 2.74 g/cm3 to 2.91 g/cm3 and the molar volume (Vm) ranged from 31.27 cm3/mol to 31.49 cm3/mol with increasing Gd2O3 substitution ratio. The UV-Vis absorption spectra revealed a considerable increase in the absorbance of the glass samples in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength range and the UV absorption edge shifted to a higher wavelength as the Gd2O3 substitution ratio increased. The direct optical gap (Eg) ranged from 3.40 eV to 3.21 eV, while the indirect values dropped from 2.88 eV to 2.74 eV. The values of Urbach's energy (Eu) increased from 0.35 eV to 0.38 eV. The dispersion and indices of refraction were significantly impacted by Gd2O3 concentration. Real (ε1) and imaginary (ε2) parts of optical dielectric constants improved as the ratio of Gd3+ ions increased. Mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), and effective atomic number (Zeff) parameters were increased as Gd2O3 content increased in the glass networks. Half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) followed the order: BSBLG0 > BSBLG1 > BSBLG2 > BSBLG3 > BSBLG4. Results concluded that the suggested glasses cab be applied in opt-electronic devices and radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, unique glass systems of zinc boro-bismo cobalt sodium fluoride reinforced with La2O3 were created via the conventional melt-quenching method. Density (ρ) increased from 3.10 to 3.42 g/cm3. As the concentration of La2O3 increases, the structural flaw in the glass networks leads to greater values of the extinction coefficient (K). The direct optical band gap reduced from 3.923 to 3.691 eV. A material with high optical density is produced when La2O3 doping raises the density of localized states in a system, which also raises refractive index (n) values from 2.18 to 2.23. The incorporation of cobalt as well as lanthanum content to the glass system increases the values of the real (ε1) and imaginary (ε2) dielectric constants. The permittivity (ε) enhanced from 4.793 ± 0.001 to 4.983 ± 0.001. The addition of CoO and La2O3 doping reduces non-linear optical susceptibility (χ3), and non-linear refractive index (n2). The buildup factors (BUFs) values were highest at 40 MFP, and lowest at 1 MFP. The fast-neutrons removal cross-section (FNRCS) of glass samples have values 0.103, 0.104, 0.107, 0.109, and 0.112 cm−1, for S-X glasses, where X = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The prepared S-5 sample possessed the best γ/neutron radiation shielding capability among all studied glasses. In addition the suggested glasses can be applied for optical devices and photovoltaic solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radiation shielding properties of the glass system 32GeO2-15B2O3-3ZnO-5P2O5-45Tb2O3 doped with Ho2O3, Pr6O11, Er2O3, Nd2O3, Dy2O3, and CeO2 ions have been investigated. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the glasses was calculated using Phys-X software at different energies. It was found that the LAC of the GeO2-B2O3-ZnO-P2O5-Tb2O3 glass system increases after incorporating the RE oxides. The LAC of the samples depends on the types of dopants and the density of the RE oxides. It was found that the glass doped by H2O3 (coded asT45-Ho) has higher LAC than the other glasses with RE, while the glass doped by CeO2 has the lowest LAC. The effective atomic number (Zeff) results demonstrated that the Zeff for the glasses doped with the RE oxides are improved relative to the Zeff for the reference glass (i.e., glass without RE). The glass with Er2O3 (coded as T45-Er) has slightly higher Zeff than the other glasses with RE oxides, while T45-Ce has the minimum Zeff. The role of the energy of the radiation on the Zeff was investigated, and the results showed a reduction in the Zeff when the energy increases from 0.284 to 1.33 MeV. In terms of thickness, The T45 glass (free- RE oxides) showed higher half value layer (HVL) than the other glasses, indicating that the addition of RE oxides lead to decrease the HVL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth-boro-tellurite glasses reinforced with TiO2 with the chemical formula (58−X)B2O3 + 19.5TeO2 + 0.5Nd2O3 + 12Bi2O3 + 10Li2O + XTiO2 (where X = 0 mol.% for the sample labeled NdTi0 to X = 10 mol.% for the sample labeled NdTi10, in steps of 2.5 mol.%) were investigated. Samples were prepared using the conventional melting and quenching technique. The impact of TiO2 on the structural, optical, and physical characteristics and γ-ray protection competence of the NdTiX samples was investigated. The amorphous state of NdTiX samples was confirmed via x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The density (Ds) increased from 3.52 g/cm3 to 3.90 g/cm3. The molar volume (Vm) declined from 37.49 cm3/mol to 34.15 cm3/mol. The ultraviolet (UV) absorbance spectra confirmed that ten essential peaks reflected the electronic transitions from the ground state (4I9/2) of Nd3+ to higher states. The indirect optical energy gap (Eg) decreased from 3.59 eV for the NdTi0 sample to 3.18 eV for the NdTi10 sample. Urbach energy (EU) values declined from 0.47 eV to 0.23 eV. The refractive index (n) increased from 2.25 to 2.35. Molar refractivity (Rm), reflection loss (RL), and molar polarizability (αm) were enhanced as TiO2 content increased in the glass networks. The mass absorption coefficient (MAC) followed the order (NdTi0)MAC < (NdTi02.5)MAC < (NdTi05)MAC < (NdTi07.5)MAC < (NdTi010)MAC. The half-value layer (HVL) followed the order (NdTi0)HVL > (NdTi02.5)HVL > (NdTi05)HVL > (NdTi07.5)HVL > (NdTi010)HVL. The Zeff values followed the same order as the MAC, while the mean free path (MFP) followed the same order as the HVL. The obtained results showed that NdTiX samples can be used in optical and γ-ray shielding applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]