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Objective: To determine the efficacy of latelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and Amniotic membrane (AM) along with the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique in treating Miller’s class I gingival recession (GR) defects. Material and methods: A total of 32 sites with Miller’s class I GR defects were distributed into Group A (CAF + PRF, n = 16) and Group B (CAF + AM, n = 16). Clinical parameters like gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), gingival sulcus depth (GSD), relative attachment level (RAL), and gingival marginal level (GML) were measured at baseline and at 3, 6 and 9 months after surgical intervention. Results: PRF and AM with CAF were effective treatment modalities for treating Miller’s class I GR defects, with an average root coverage value of 2.00 ± 0.75 mm in Group A and 1.5 ± 0.3 mm in Group B. Complete coverage (100 %) was obtained in 57 % sites of group A and 49 % sites of group B. At the 9-month follow-up, there was a significant increase in relative attachment levels in both groups when compared to baseline. Conclusion: In the present study it was observed that there was a clinically and statistically significant improvement in root coverage with both groups. PRF-treated sites showed > 50 % complete coverage and hence were superior. AM showed comparable results to PRF and could be used as an alternative.

Background: Medline search using key words halitosis, tongue coating, polymerase chain reaction, microbial profile did not reveal any study. Hence, the purpose of the present investigation was to assess the malodor using the organoleptic method and tanita device; to quantify odoriferous microorganisms using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique in chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 chronic periodontitis patients. Halitosis was detected using organoleptic assessment & tanita breath alert. Microbial analysis of Pg, Tf & Fn was done using PCR. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. Result: The maximum score of 3 for tongue coating was found in 60% of selected subjects. The tanita breath alert measured VSC level of score 2 in 60% of selected subjects while organoleptic score of 4 was found in 50% of subjects. The maximum mean value of 31.1±36.5 was found to be of F. nucleatum (Fn) followed by P. gingivalis (Pg) (13±13.3) & T. forsythia (Tf) (7.16±8.68) in tongue samples of selected patients. A weak positive correlation was found between VSC levels (tanita score & organoleptic score) and clinical parameters. Conclusion: The halitosis assessment by measuring VSC levels using organoleptic method and tanita breath alert are clinically feasible. Maximum tongue coating was found in 60% of patients. Fn was found comparatively more than the Pg & Tf. A weak positive correlation was found between VSC levels and clinical parameters such as PI, GI & GBI. Thus,the dentist/ periodontist should emphasise on tongue cleaning measures that would reduce the odoriferous microbial load.

Background: Halitosis has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced in the oral cavity by metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing the periodontal pockets and the dorsum of the tongue. It has been assumed that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the malodor using the organoleptic method and tanita device; to quantify odoriferous microorganisms of subgingival plaque and tongue coating, such as P. gingivalis (Pg), T. forsythia (Tf), and F. nucleatum (Fn) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nondiabetic and diabetic chronic periodontitis patients. Patients and Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients (with and without diabetes) with 5-7 mm pocket depth, radiographic evidence of bone loss, and presence of oral malodor participated in this study. Subjective assessment of mouth air was done organoleptically and by using a portable sulfide monitor. Tongue coating was also assessed. Results: The scores of plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, VSC levels, and tongue coating between the nondiabetic and diabetic patients were not significant (P>0.5). In nondiabetic patients, Fn was found to be significantly (P0.5). In diabetic patients, Fn and Tf have shown significant (P

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation following periodontal flap surgery on clinical and microbiological parameters. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial on 10 patients with periodontitis in split-mouth design was undertaken to find the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation with open flap debridement on periodontal wound healing. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Tannerella forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis was done using subgingival plaque samples at 0 and 90th day. Results: The results showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of clinical (plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level) and microbial profile in both treatment groups, whereas on intergroup analysis, more reduction in all clinical parameters were observed in the test group, but statistically, the results were insignificant.

Aims: It has been estimated that >30% of male infertility cases are of idiopathic etiology. Recent studies revealed a positive connection between periodontal pockets and sperm submotility, which proposes that periodontitis may have a role in male infertility and inadequate semen quality. The aim of the present investigation was to inspect the relationship between male fertility parameters and the periodontal status of male patients attending in vitro treatment (IVF) clinic. Materials and Methods: The study participants comprised 85 men going to the facility for sperm investigation before semen insemination. The nature of sperm was surveyed by the WHO 2010 criteria. On the same day, male patients were examined for periodontal parameters. Results: The patients were determined to have either gingivitis (24.7%) or periodontitis (75.3%). Normospermia was credited to 23.5% and oligozoospermia to 43.5%. Sperm submotility was seen in 76.4% of patients. A higher number of sites with clinical attachment loss showed a positive correlation with sperm submotility and sperm count. Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed a conceivable relationship between male infertility, decreased semen quality, and periodontal diseases in men visiting IVF centers. Periodontitis may subsequently play a role in male infertility.

Introduction: To compare the effects of hyaluronan (Gengigel) alone and in combination with scaling using clinical, microbial, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) parameters. Materials and Methods: In this, the three treatment groups included were scaling, scaling plus local application of Gengigel, and Gengigel alone. The 0.2% hyaluronic acid (HA) gel was applied topically and intrasulcularly 0.8% hyaluronan was applied. The clinical parameters, and microbial and biochemical analyses of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) LDH were assessed. Intragroup comparisons were made by Student′s unpaired t-test and intergroup comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Turkey′s test. Results: At the end of study period (0-56 day), intergroup comparison demonstrated no significant reduction in plaque index (PI) (0.07 NS), gingival index (GI) (0.99 NS), and LDH (0.70 NS) values. A significant correlation was found between LDH values and bleeding index at all study intervals (0 days, 28 days, and 56 days); gingival index (GI) (0.007 S) was significantly correlated on day 0 and day 56. The microbial reduction was demonstrated. Conclusion: These changes in the clinical, microbial, and biochemical parameters reported with the different treatment modalities clearly support that the use of Gengigel would act as an advantageous adjunct to scaling. Further studies are required to confirm the Gengigel effect using histologic methods.