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This research evaluates the influence of mineral fertilizers on structural components and the formation of productivity of various Lens culinaris varieties on dark chestnut soils of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the doses up to P120 (P2O5 25-30 ppm) and N30-60 against the background of P90 (N-NO3 12-17 ppm) with a phosphorus content of 11-15 ppm and nitrogen 7-9 ppm at the control plots contributed to the formation of the highest yield of lentils' varieties "Krapinka", "Vekhovskaya", and "Viceroy" up to 1.44 t/ha, 1.89 t/ha, and 1.92 t/ha respectively. The increase in yield is due to an increase in the number of formed beans (up to 18.2-26.0 pcs) and the weight of seeds per plant (up to 1.04-1.23 g), which is confirmed by correlation analyses (R = 0.91; R = 0.96). The yield relationship with the number of branches is medium (R = 0.72) and with a mass of 1000 seeds from medium to high (strong) (R = 0.70-0.87). The mass of 1000 seeds is the most stable indicator of variation among the structural components of yield, regardless of the background of mineral nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]