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BACKGROUND: Reducing hospital readmission offer potential benefits for patients, providers, payers, and policymakers to improve quality of healthcare, reduce cost, and improve patient experience. We investigated effectiveness of remdesivir in reducing 30-day coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related readmission during the Omicron era, including older adults and those with underlying immunocompromising conditions. METHODS: This retrospective study utilized the US PINC AI Healthcare Database to identify adult patients discharged alive from an index COVID-19 hospitalization between December 2021 and February 2024. Odds of 30-day COVID-19-related readmission to the same hospital were compared between patients who received remdesivir vs those who did not, after balancing characteristics of the two groups using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Analyses were stratified by maximum supplemental oxygen requirement during index hospitalization. RESULTS: Of 326 033 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during study period, 210 586 patients met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 109 551 (52%) patients were treated with remdesivir. After IPTW, lower odds of 30-day COVID-19-related readmission were observed in patients who received remdesivir vs those who did not, in the overall population (3.3% vs 4.2%, respectively; odds ratio [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 0.78 [.75-.80]), elderly population (3.7% vs 4.7%, respectively; 0.78 [.75-.81]), and those with underlying immunocompromising conditions (5.3% vs 6.2%, respectively; 0.86 [.80-.92]). These results were consistent irrespective of supplemental oxygen requirements. CONCLUSIONS: Treating patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with remdesivir was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of 30-day COVID-19-related readmission across all patients discharged alive from the initial COVID-19 hospitalization, including older adults and those with underlying immunocompromising conditions.

BACKGROUND: Patients with immunocompromising conditions are at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalizations and deaths. Randomized clinical trials provide limited enrollment, if any, to provide information on the outcomes in such patients treated with remdesivir. METHODS: Using the US PINC AI Healthcare Database, we identified adult patients with immunocompromising conditions, hospitalized for COVID-19 between December 2021 and February 2024. The primary outcome was all-cause inpatient mortality examined in propensity score-matched patients in remdesivir vs nonremdesivir groups. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with cancer, hematological malignancies, and solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. RESULTS: Of 28 966 patients included in the study, 16 730 (58%) received remdesivir during the first 2 days of hospitalization. After propensity score matching, 8822 patients in the remdesivir and 8822 patients in the nonremdesivir group were analyzed. Remdesivir was associated with a significantly lower mortality rate among patients with no supplemental oxygen (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.73 [.62-.86] at 14 days and 0.79 [.68-.91] at 28 days) and among those with supplemental oxygen (0.75 [.67-.85] and 0.78 [.70-.86], respectively). Remdesivir was also associated with lower mortality rates in subgroups of patients with cancer, hematological malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma), and solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplants. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of patients with immunocompromising conditions hospitalized for COVID-19, remdesivir was associated with significant improvement in survival, including patients with varied underlying immunocompromising conditions. The integration of current real-world evidence into clinical guideline recommendations can inform clinical communities to optimize treatment decisions in the evolving COVID-19 era, extending beyond the conclusion of the public health emergency declaration.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect suffered by women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) during childhood and whether these occurrences are associated with symptoms of pain, anxiety and depression. Methods: A case–control study was conducted on 154 women older than 18 years, 77 of them healthy and 77 with CPP. A history of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect was determined using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Anxiety and depression symptoms were determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Pain intensity was determined using a visual analog scale (VAS). The quantitative variables were compared by the Wilcoxon test, and the qualitative variables were compared by the Chi-square test or exact Fisher test when appropriate. Correlation between the CTQ, HAD and VAS scores was estimated by the Spearman’s p coefficient. Independent association of the variables with the presence of CPP was determined by logistic multiple regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of childhood maltreatment was 77.9% and 64.9%, respectively, for women with CPP and healthy women (p = 0.07). Emotional neglect was more frequent among women with CPP than among healthy women (58.4% versus 41.5%, p = 0.04). There was a moderate correlation between anxiety and depression symptoms and CTQ scores for women with CPP. Unemployment (OR = 4.15, 95% CI 1.73–9.94; ORadj = 3.30, 95% CI 1.26–8.55) was independently associated with the presence of CPP. Conclusions: Women with CPP reported emotional neglect abuse more frequently than healthy women. There was a direct correlation between maltreatment scores and anxiety and depression scores. On the other hand, CPP was independently associated only with unemployment.

Aim: This observational study investigated the association between remdesivir treatment during hospitalization for COVID-19 and 30-day COVID-19-related and all-cause readmission across different variants time periods. Patients & methods: Hospitalization records for adult patients discharged from a COVID-19 hospitalization between 1 May 2020 to 30 April 2022 were extracted from the US PINC AI Healthcare Database. Likelihood of 30-day readmission was compared among remdesivir-treated and nonremdesivir-treated patients using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, corticosteroid treatment, Charlson comorbidity index and intensive care unit stay during the COVID-19 hospitalization. Analyses were stratified by maximum supplemental oxygen requirement and variant time period (pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron). Results: Of the 440,601 patients discharged alive after a COVID-19 hospitalization, 248,785 (56.5%) patients received remdesivir. Overall, remdesivir patients had a 30-day COVID-19-related readmission rate of 3.0% and all-cause readmission rate of 6.3% compared with 5.4% and 9.1%, respectively, for patients who did not receive remdesivir during their COVID-19 hospitalization. After adjusting for demographics and clinical characteristics, remdesivir treatment was associated with significantly lower odds of 30-day COVID-19-related readmission (odds ratio 0.60 [95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.62]), and all-cause readmission (0.73 [0.72-0.75]). Significantly lower odds of 30-day readmission in remdesivir-treated patients was observed across all variant time periods. Conclusion: Treating patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with remdesivir is associated with a statistically significant reduction in 30-day COVID-19-related and all-cause readmission across variant time periods. These findings indicate that the clinical benefit of remdesivir may extend beyond the COVID-19 hospitalization.

BACKGROUND: Although immunomodulators have established benefit against the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in general, it is uncertain whether such agents improve outcomes without increasing the risk of secondary infections in the specific subgroup of previously immunocompromised patients. We assessed the effect of immunomodulators on outcomes of immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19. METHODS: The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022335397). MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and references of relevant articles were searched up to 01-06-2022. Authors of potentially eligible randomized controlled trials were contacted to provide data on immunocompromised patients randomized to immunomodulators vs control (i.e., placebo or standard-of-care). FINDINGS: Eleven randomized controlled trials involving 397 immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were included. Ten trials had low risk of bias. There was no difference between immunocompromised patients randomized to immunomodulators vs control regarding mortality [30/182 (16.5%) vs 41/215 (19.1%); RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.61-1.41; p = 0.74], secondary infections (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.64-1.58; p = 0.99) and change in World Health Organization ordinal scale from baseline to day 15 (weighed mean difference 0.27, 95% CI -0.09-0.63; p = 0.15). In subgroup analyses including only patients with hematologic malignancy, only trials with low risk of bias, only trials administering IL-6 inhibitors, or only trials administering immunosuppressants, there was no difference between comparators regarding mortality. INTERPRETATION: Immunomodulators, compared to control, were not associated with harmful or beneficial outcomes, including mortality, secondary infections, and change in ordinal scale, when administered to immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19. FUNDING: Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation.

This paper examines changes from 1996-2019 in U.S. parents' time investment at their children's schools using data from the National Household Education Survey (N [approximately equal to] 116,000). The most common way parents spend time at their child's school is by attending a general school meeting, which rose from 76% to 85% over this period. The proportion who volunteered at school rose slightly over time (36% to 38%), whereas the frequency of participating in school activities decreased slightly. Little change emerged in the proportion who attend a PTA/PTO meeting ([approximately 50%), whereas the proportion who spent time fundraising decreased (60% to 54%). Differences in time investment between high- versus low-income parents either narrowed significantly (attended school meetings, frequency of participation) or remained stable (attended PTO/PTA meeting, volunteered) over time, except for income-based differences in time spent fundraising for their child's school, which grew significantly. We discuss factors possibly related to these narrowing and persistent gaps.

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Eco-friendly iron and manganese oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 and Mn2O3) were synthesized and integrated into graphene sheets to form uniform composites. These composites were then embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers using electrospinning. Comprehensive characterization of the composites and the final composite fibers was conducted using XRD, FE-SEM, and FTIR to analyze their structural complexity and morphological differences. The antibacterial efficacy of the resulting PVA nanofibers was evaluated against Escherichia coli, which is a common pathogen in hospital environments. The results show a significant bactericidal effect against these bacteria, which highlights their potential in medical applications, such as functional bandages and wound dressings. This study paves the way for potential commercial applications of these nanofibers in healthcare settings.

BACKGROUND: Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and death, yet treatment strategies for immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19 reflect variations in clinical practice. In this comparative effectiveness study, we investigated the effect of remdesivir treatment on inpatient mortality among immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19 across all variants of concern (VOC) periods. METHODS: Data for immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between December 2020 and April 2022 were extracted from the US PINC AITM Healthcare Database. Patients who received remdesivir within 2 days of hospitalization were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching to patients who did not receive remdesivir. Additional matching criteria included admission month, age group, and hospital. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the effect of remdesivir on risk of 14- and 28-day mortality during VOC periods. RESULTS: A total of 19 184 remdesivir patients were matched to 11 213 non-remdesivir patients. Overall, 11.1% and 17.7% of remdesivir patients died within 14 and 28 days, respectively, compared with 15.4% and 22.4% of non-remdesivir patients. Remdesivir was associated with a reduction in mortality at 14 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval, .62-.78) and 28 days (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, .68-.83). The survival benefit remained significant during the pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron periods. CONCLUSIONS: Prompt initiation of remdesivir in immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19 is associated with significant survival benefit across all variant waves. These findings provide much-needed evidence relating to the effectiveness of a foundational treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients among a high-risk population.

Background/Objectives: Limited research has been performed to assess the strength of resin-bonded 3D-printed restorations. Based on that, this study investigates the impact of different manufacturing methods on the fracture load of indirect composite restorations (ICRs) following an aging process. Methods: Three manufacturing techniques—conventional (CRC), milled (MRC), and printed (PRC)—were evaluated using 60 specimens, each with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm. Sandblasting with Al2O3 particles was employed to optimize the bonding process, significantly influencing surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, RSm). All specimens were bonded to the dentin analog using composite resin cement and subjected to either 10,000 thermocycles (TC) or storage (ST) at 37 °C in distilled water. Fracture load assessments were performed using a universal testing machine. A finite element analysis was conducted to assess stress distribution. Results: Two-way ANOVA results indicated that the manufacturing method significantly affected mean fracture load values (p < 0.001), with PRC showing the highest mean fracture load (4185 ± 914 N), followed by MRC (2495 ± 941 N) and CRC (599 ± 292 N). The aging protocol did not have a significant impact on fracture load. Conclusions: This study revealed that 3D-printed resin composite exhibited comparable strength to milled resin composite when adhesively cemented, suggesting it is a promising option for indirect composite restorations based on its mechanical performance. However, further research is needed to evaluate its bond strength and optimal surface treatment methods to prevent early debonding.

Despite substantial advances in the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, advanced heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity in this patient population. This narrative review presents the case of a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who underwent alcohol septal ablation to frame a discussion of modern therapies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The current treatment landscape includes medications, both old and new, and surgical and procedural interventions to relieve mechanical obstruction. Several promising new modalities for relieving obstruction are in the nascent stages of development.

The discovery of RNA interference in 1998 opened avenues for the manipulation of gene expression, leading to the development of small interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs. Patisiran, the first FDA-approved siRNA medication, targets hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Givosiran, lumasiran and nedosiran further expand siRNA applications in treating rare genetic diseases, demonstrating positive outcomes. In cardiology, inclisiran, approved for hypercholesterolaemia, showcases sustained reductions in LDL cholesterol levels. However, ongoing research aims to establish its impact on cardiovascular outcomes. Lipoprotein(a), an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, has become a focus of siRNA therapies, precipitating the development of specific siRNA drugs like olpasiran, zerlasiran and lepodisiran, with promising reductions in lipoprotein(a) levels. Research to assess the effectiveness of these medications in reducing events is currently under way. Zodasiran and plozasiran address potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, targeting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Zilebesiran, which targets hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA, has demonstrated a dose-related reduction in serum angiotensinogen levels, thereby lowering blood pressure in patients with systemic arterial hypertension. The evolving siRNA methodology presents a promising future in cardiology, with ongoing studies assessing its effectiveness in various conditions. In the future, larger studies will provide insights into improvements in cardiovascular outcomes, long-term safety and broader applications in the general population. This review highlights the historical timeline of the development of siRNA-based drugs, their clinical indications, potential side-effects and future perspectives.

BACKGROUND: This comparative effectiveness study investigated the effect of remdesivir on in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring supplemental oxygen including low-flow oxygen (LFO), high-flow oxygen/noninvasive ventilation (HFO/NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (IMV/ECMO) across variant of concern (VOC) periods. METHODS: Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between December 2020 and April 2022 and administered remdesivir upon admission were 1:1 propensity score matched to patients not administered remdesivir during their COVID-19 hospitalization. Analyses were stratified by supplemental oxygen requirement upon admission and VOC period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 14- and 28-day mortality. RESULTS: Patients treated with remdesivir (67 582 LFO, 34 857 HFO/NIV, and 4164 IMV/ECMO) were matched to non-remdesivir patients. Unadjusted mortality rates were significantly lower for remdesivir-treated patients at 14 days (LFO: 6.4% vs. 8.8%; HFO/NIV: 16.8% vs. 19.4%; IMV/ECMO: 27.8% vs. 35.3%) and 28 days (LFO: 9.8% vs. 12.3%; HFO/NIV: 25.8% vs. 28.3%; IMV/ECMO: 41.4% vs. 50.6%). After adjustment, remdesivir treatment was associated with a statistically significant reduction in in-hospital mortality at 14 days (LFO: aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.79; HFO/NIV: aHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89; IMV/ECMO: aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.82) and 28 days (LFO: aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.85; HFO/NIV: aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.93; IMV/ECMO: aHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67-0.82) compared with non-remdesivir treatment. Lower risk of mortality among remdesivir-treated patients was observed across VOC periods. CONCLUSIONS: Remdesivir treatment is associated with significantly reduced mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen upon admission, including those requiring HFO/NIV or IMV/ECMO with severe or critical disease, across VOC periods.

Introduction The prevention of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) involves the classification of risk, systemic care, regular examinations, foot care, therapeutic education and adjunct treatments. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been successfully administered for the healing of DFU and its preventive effects have drawn the interest of researchers.Methods and analysis The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of PBM for the prevention of DFU through a randomised, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial. Individuals from 18 to 75 years of age of both sexes with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) at moderate to high risk of developing DFU will be randomly allocated to two groups of 32 participants each. The PBM group will wear a boot with 1344 light-emitting diodes (LEDs)—504 with a wavelength of 660 nm located on the sides of the boot (28.5 mW, 10 J per LED), 504 with a wavelength of 850 nm also on the sides of the boot (23 mW, 8 J per LED), 168 with a wavelength of 660 nm on the base of the boot (28.5 mW, 10 J per LED) and 168 with a wavelength of 850 nm also on the base of the boot (23 mW, 8 J per LED). The boot will be worn once a day for 6 min over 60 days and the participants will also receive therapeutic education. The control group will wear a non-therapeutic LED boot (sham) under the same conditions and will also receive therapeutic education. Assessments will be performed at the beginning of the study, after 30 days (clinical examination) and after 60 days (clinical examination, assessment of peripheral neuropathy (PN) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), blood and urine examinations and quality of life).Ethics and dissemination This protocol received approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Nove de Julho University and the Mandaqui Hospital Complex (certificate number: 66098522.0.3001.5511; final approval date: 22 June 2023). The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration number NCT06353568, ClinicalTrials.gov.

ABSTRACT Objective: 3p deletion syndrome is a rare monosomal disease that encompasses deletions throughout the short arm of chromosome 3. It is often in the distal region (3p25-pter), but variations in breakpoints and a complex clinical manifestation exist, with congenital heart defects being considered rare. We present the first case of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and minor dysmorphic features associated with 3p- syndrome. Furthermore, we aim to establish a gene-phenotype association. Case description: The diagnosis was made by karyotyping, followed by a literature investigation and in silico bioinformatic analysis about the possible candidate genes associated with congenital heart defects or hypoplastic left heart syndrome in 3p- syndrome. All genes analyzed that could affect heart formation are located in the 3p25.3 region, adjacent to the deleted region in the newborn from our case (3p26). Taking into account the technical limitations of the karyotype and the strength of evidence from each gene evaluated and locus proximity, it is likely that an unidentified partial break in the CAV3 gene occurred. Comments: We identified an indirect relation between gene CAV3 and hypoplastic left heart syndrome due to its strong association with cardiomyopathies and isolated cardiac defects. Furthermore, the cytogenetic band from our case is new information for the delimitation of a critical cardiac region on 3p syndrome, a discussion that has been ongoing since 1986. Thus, we reinforce the importance of cytogenetic investigation in patients with hypoplastic hearts and dysmorphia, assisting in diagnosis, definition of prognosis, and genetic counseling for the family.

The advancements in urban commuting have enabled ease of travel for commuters. However, in the underdeveloped world, commuting has become a challenge for the mental health of commuters. A commuter who travels through public transport or their vehicle can develop depression and anxiety due to traffic congestion and unwanted delays. Symptoms of depression and anxiety can be mitigated through psychotherapeutic music. However, this music requires quiet rooms where a patient could listen to them. This can be overcome by playing music available on online streaming services via the commuters’ smart devices. The data from the sensors embedded in a commuter’s smart device is gathered and is termed the current context. The context includes both the data from the sensors and deduced data that is acquired through sensor services. The current context is then processed to determine the context of the commuter. The context is a label that is the outcome of a machine learning algorithm as part of context processing. The authors have utilized Bayesian probability to classify the current context of the commuter. Based on the classification outcome, which is termed context, a suitable playlist is generated and played on the commuters’ smart devices. A feedback loop enables improvement in classification as well as playlist generation. This proposed mechanism would improve the mental health of commuters including students, workers, and passengers, traveling to work and back frequently.

Introduction Childhood early oral ageing syndrome (CEOAS) is a condition involving oral abnormalities resulting from systemic diseases of different origins that are related to the current lifestyle of the paediatric population. Enamel defects associated with intrinsic and extrinsic factors promote the early loss of tooth structure at an accelerated pace, with negative impacts on function, aesthetics and quality of life. The aim of the study is to identify the prevalence of early tooth wear in childhood and its severity using the CEOAS index, which is a tool for the diagnosis of the condition and for epidemiological surveys, involving the investigation of abnormalities of the oral cavity in the paediatric population and possible factors associated with the severity of the condition.Methods and analysis Children aged 3–6 years will be recruited from the paediatric clinic of Universidade Nove de Julho. Children with amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta and genetic syndromes, as well as those undergoing orthodontic treatment will be excluded. A questionnaire will be administered addressing general health, sleep quality, dietary habits, oral hygiene habits and parafunctional habits. Clinical examinations will then be performed using the novel CEOAS index to assess tooth wear (scores 0–3) and determine the occurrence of enamel defects (scores I–III). The vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) will also be measured. The CEOAS scores will be computed for the deciduous dentition and analysed statistically, with the significance level set at 5% (p

Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de la fotobiomodulación (FBM) combinada con ejercicios miofuncionales en el tratamiento del bruxismo del sueño en niños. Métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado y controlado con 46 pacientes de entre 3 y 17 años diagnosticados con bruxismo del sueño. Los participantes se dividieron en grupo control (GC) con FBM placebo y terapia miofuncional orofacial (TMF), y grupo de fotobiomodulación (GF) con FBM activa y los mismos ejercicios. El tratamiento láser de 660 nm se aplicó dos veces por semana durante 4 semanas. Se realizaron evaluaciones antes y después del tratamiento mediante cuestionarios de bruxismo y calidad del sueño, y mediciones de saturación de oxígeno nocturna. Los datos fueron analizados con GraphPad PRISM 7.0, utilizando el test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para normalidad y el test T para comparación de grupos (p

Objetivos: Investigar la fotobiomodulación vascular en el control de la ansiedad en niños durante la atención odontológica. Métodos: Participaron 90 niños entre 6 y 12 años de la Clínica Universitaria de Salud de la Universidad Católica del Uruguay. Fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: PBM(G1)8.3años; Sham(G0)9.12 años la media. Se utilizó el equipo Therapy EC, DMC Brasil. Para el tratamiento de fotobiomodulación (FBM) se aplicó láser continuo, dirigido a la arteria radial de la mano izquierda, en contacto directo, con 60J de energía, longitud de onda 660nm y 100mW/cm2 de potencia durante 10 minutos en G1. Para G0 la FBM fue simulada, anulando la emisión de luz, niño con tapaojos. Un investigador externo fue responsable de aplicar la FBM. Se evaluaron los niveles de ansiedad mediante la Escala de Imagen Facial (FIS) y Test de Imagen de Venham (VPT), antes y después de la atención odontológica. También fueron medidos parámetros fisiológicos: presión arterial (PA), oximetría(O), y frecuencia cardíaca (FC). Resultados: VPT disminuyo de 4,41 a 3,63 en el G1, permaneciendo constantes en el G0. FIS se mantuvo constante en ambos grupos. O y PA sin diferencia estadisticamente significativa. FC disminuyo de 86 a 84 y de 93 a 86 l/s en el G1 y G0; aunque en G1 (p=0,333), la disminución no fue estadísticamente significativa, la caída en G0 sí fue significativa (p=0,001). Conclusiones: No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el uso de fotobiomodulación para controlar la ansiedad de los niños durante la atención odontológica en los grupos estudiados.

Objetivos: Este ensayo clínico tiene como objetivo verificar si el uso de fotobiomodulación vascular (FBMV) es capaz por su efecto sistémico de disminuir los signos y la sintomatología de los niños con TMD, si la FBMV influye en la reducción del dolor y aumenta la amplitud de movimiento en la apertura y cierre bucal en niños y adolescentes con DTM. Métodos: Este ensayo que es ciego, randomizado controlado se realizó a niños entre 6 y 9 años que ingresaron a la Universidad Católica del Uruguay Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Posgrado y escuelas con convenio con la Universidad Católica del Uruguay, que presentaron TMD, basados en los Criterios Diagnóstico para Trastornos Temporomandibulares modificado para niños y adolescentes (DC/TMD) y usando la escala visual analógica que es un buen instrumento para medir la intensidad de dolor en niños, siendo el más usado. El láser que se usó es de la marca DMC Therapy Ec potencia 100 mW ±20%, longitud de onda 660nm ±10 nm, rojo, el parámetro de energía 120J, de aplicación continua. La técnica no es invasiva, el punto de irradiación es por aplicación transcutánea continua y directa a la arteria radial por medio de pulsera en la que se aplica el haz del láser. Esto se realizó en una única sesión de 20 minutos en dos grupos, grupo 1 FBMV y grupo 2 placebo. Los participantes de los 2 grupos fueron reevaluados inmediatamente después de la sesión, siguiendo los mismos procedimientos de evaluación utilizados inicialmente. Resultados: El tamaño de la muestra fue menor, se mostró una disminución del dolor tanto en el grupo FBMV como en el grupo placebo, siendo la diferencia estadística mayor en el grupo FBMV. No se registraron cambios en la variable de movimiento de apertura y cierre bucal ni en el patrón de movimiento. Se concluye que la FBMV, en relación con el dolor, disminuye tanto en el grupo FBMV como en el grupo placebo en una única sesión.

Objetivos: Validar los efectos de la fotobiomodulacion con el uso de cluster de LEDs rojo (660nm) e infrarrojo (850nm) sobre el dolor y la amplitud de los movimientos cervicales y mandibulares en pacientes con DTM. Métodos: Ensayo clínico, randomizado, controlado y ciego. Con un n= 28 de ambos sexos, edades que varían desde los 18 a 45 años. Dividido en 2 grupos: Grupo 1 LED cluster rojo e infrarrojo, Grupo 2 placebo. Fueron sometidos a 6 sesiones no consecutivas por 2 semanas. DC/TMD fueron utilizados para determinar la presencia o no de DTM. Para validar la amplitud de movimento mandibular (ADM), fue utilizado un paquímetro y para ADM cervical un flexímetro. El dolor fue validado por medio de la escala visual analógica-EVA. Todos los participantes fueron validados antes de la primera intervención terapéutica y nuevamente al final, siguiendo los mismos procedimentos utilizados inicialmente. Resultados: Prevalencia femenina para ambos grupos. Presento diferencia significativa la escala de dolor y la inclinación cervical izquierda después del tratamiento con LED y . Apertura bucal, flexión, extensión e inclinación cervical derecha no presentaron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: La FBM utilizada demostró una mejora significativa del dolor aplicado sobre la musculatura masticatoria y cervical. No en tanto, fueron encontradas diferencias significativas en relación a la amplitud del movimiento de apertura bucal y movimiento de la columna cervical en el grupo que recibió tratamiento.

Abstract Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia bacteria plays a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture by converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can assimilate, thereby reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. This process can be dramatically reduced by various abiotic stressors. Native rhizobia strains, which are naturally occurring, may be better adapted to the local soil and climatic conditions, making them more resilient to stress factors such as drought, salinity, temperature extremes, and pH variations compared to commercial strains that may have been developed in and for different environments. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of native rhizobia species with a commercial inoculant and uninoculated controls in maintaining nitrogen fixation under induced stress by delayed planting in field peas over two growing seasons (2021 and 2022) in central South Dakota. Our findings indicate that native rhizobia, while not outperforming the commercial inoculant, demonstrated competitive nitrogen fixation capacities. Overall, total nitrogen fixation was not statistically different between a commercial inoculant and native rhizobia formulations. Planting date emerged as a significant factor influencing nitrogen fixation, with later planting substantially reducing overall effectiveness. These results highlight the potential of native rhizobia as an alternative to commercial inoculants and underscore the need for increased screening throughput and improved methods to assess rhizobia efficacy and nodule competition in field settings.