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Background : Atrial brillation is the most commonly encountered quivering or irregular heart beat(arrhythmia) in our population and it is the disordered supraventricular (atrial) event characterised by irregular heart rhythm, thereby altered atrial electrical and mechanical function. Atrial brillation often inuences the quality of life as atrial brillation may be associated with disability, anxiety, cognitive impairment, chest pain, hospitalization and even absence from work. Many diseases have been implicated to the development of atrial brillation; amongst which Rheumatic valvular heart disease, systemic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, thyroid disease is very important. Alcohol and smoking add up to risk factors leading to development of atrial brillation. Although various studies had been reported from different parts of the country, not much clinical data is available on etiological and clinical prole of Atrial fribillation in north eastern part of the country hence this study has been undertaken. In this Hospital ba Materials and Methods: sed observational Study conducted in the department of Medicine, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam among 90 patients etiology of valvular and non-valvular atrial brillation was taken into account. In our study, mean age of study populat Results: ion was 46.5±5.09 years, for valvular etiology mean age 34.8± 2.05 years, for non valvular mean age 51.64± 3.08 years. 55.57% of study population were males, 44.43% were females. Valvular atrial brillation was found in 30% cases, non valvular etiology found in 70% cases.

CAUSES OF UPPER GASTRO-INTESTINAL BLEEDING IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN NORTH-EAST INDIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Upper Gastro-intestinal bleeding is a very common life threatening condition. At least 5% of all the admission from Emergency Department in India is due to this serious condition. The incidence of upper GI bleed ranges from 50 to 150/100,000 population annually and time trend analyses suggest that aged people constitute an increasing proportion of those presenting with acute upper GI bleed.1 AIM: To assess the aetiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic efficiency of endoscopy and clinical outcome of the patients admitted due to Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB). METHOD: A retrospective study of a duration of 1 (one) year was done on the patients who were admitted due to UGIB and underwent Upper Gastro-intestinal Endoscopy (UGI endo) in the same period. RESULT: A total of 120 patients were included in the study out of which 101 were males (84%). The mean age of the patients were 46.92 years. The youngest was 13 years and oldest was 80 years. In 3 patients (2.5%) no lesion could be found. Results were more conclusive and with better outcome if the UGI endoscopy was done within 24 hours of active bleeding. The most common cause of UGIB was peptic ulcer disease (54.16%) followed by gastroesophageal varices rupture (24.16%), erosive mucosal disease (14.17%), neoplastic lesion (3.33%), Malory Weiss tear (1.67%) and normal endoscopy report was found in (2.5%). 24.16% gastro-oesophageal varices rapture signified underlying chronic liver disease. Out of the 29 patients of gastroesophageal varices rupture mortality was 17.24%(5 patients). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic accuracy was directly related to the time interval between the bleeding episode and endoscopy. In patients having Peptic ulcer disease stressful and unhealthy lifestyle was the most common factor. In the group presenting with varices rapture evidence of Chronic Liver Disease was found in most patients and alcohol consumption was a common factor. Keywords : Gastro–intestinal bleed, upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy, peptic ulcer disease, gastro-esophageal varices.

Backgound: As the time progresses, type 2 diabetes usually worsens, oral medications become less effective, and more than a third of people must add insulin injections to their treatment regimen. Primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of early insulin therapy in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to oral hypoglycemic agents as a part of the conventional treatment regime. Materials and Methods: Newly diagnosed type 2 DM or/and diagnosed within the preceding six months, excluding pregnant women and patients with hepatic disorders, renal failure, acute infection, trauma, burns, acute myocardial infarction and malignancies were enrolled in the study. Results and Observations: 80 patients were selected randomly in two groups treated with OHA (A) and insulin (B).The decrease in FBS, PPBS and HbAlc was not significant (p > 0.05) in both the groups with a significant weight gain in group B (p

Background and Objectives:Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease leading to various systemic complications in the affected individuals if not properly controlled with timely interventions. There are various studies showing the toxic effects of high blood glucose and its oxidant derivatives in the pathogenesis of various complications of the disease. Glucose-6– phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key enzyme of hexose monophosphate shunt which produces NADPH that protects the body from oxidative damage and prevents from development of various complications. Uncontrolled blood glucose level for a longer duration time diminishes the G6PD activity and can lead the body into complications. This study was conducted in North-East India to evaluate the difference of G6PD activity among diabetics and non-diabetics and to study the impact of hyperglycemia on the G6PD activity. Methodology:Fifty diabetic and fifty non diabetic subjects are selected from participants of age 45 to 76 yrs. Demographic data including age, sex, height, weight, duration of diabetes mellitus, presenting symptoms, medical history was taken. Blood pressure and BMI were also measured. Blood samples from each patients were sent for estimation of FBS and PPBS, G6PD screening test and enzyme kinetic study, blood urea and serum creatinine estimation and serum triglycerides estimation. Results:G6PD activity was found to be diminished in diabetic patients, mild to moderately in comparison to the control group.It was also found that the deficient activity was dependent upon the duration of diabetes mellitus but not on the severity of the condition.