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Abstract Background Despite estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) being the best marker for kidney function, there are no studies in sub-Saharan Africa comparing the performance of various equations used to determine eGFR. We compared prevalence of kidney disease determined by proteinuria of ≥ + 1 and or kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) eGFR criteria of

Background: Globally, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing among young people living with HIV (YPLHIV), with inconsistent estimates. Aggregated data on the prevalence of CKD are needed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to inform strategies for early diagnosis and management. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of CKD among YPLHIV in SSA. Methods: We searched Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online for articles reporting the prevalence of CKD among YPLHIV in SSA using predefined search strategies up to 15th January 2024. The reference lists of identified articles were checked for additional eligible studies. The eligibility criteria were studies among YPLHIV aged 10–24 years reporting CKD prevalence defined by either glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) or proteinuria. We used a narrative synthesis to report differences between the included studies. The DerSimonian-Laird random effects model was used to pool the CKD prevalence, and heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q-test and I-squared values. We assessed the risk of bias in each article using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and publication bias in a funnel plot and Egger's test. Results: Of 802 retrieved articles, 15 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 12 (80%) were cross-sectional studies that used estimated GFR to diagnose CKD. Only one study followed the standard definition of CKD. The pooled CKD prevalence from 15 studies was 12% (95% CI 6.0–19.5%), ranging from 0.8% to 53.1% according to the definition used, with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 97.7%, p<0.001). The included studies were of moderate quality, with no evidence of publication bias. Sensitivity analysis showed that the findings were robust to the methodological and analytic approach. Conclusion: CKD prevalence among YPLHIV is moderately high and highly heterogeneous across SSA. The standard definition of CKD should be used to enable estimation of CKD prevalence in different studies and settings. HIV programs enrolling YPLHIV should routinely screen for CKD to ensure early diagnosis and management. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022347588. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 90% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries; however, few studies have examined the illness experiences of individuals living with and providing treatment for COPD in these settings. This study characterizes illness representations for COPD in Nakaseke, Uganda from the perspectives of health care providers, village health teams and community members (CMs) with COPD. We conducted 40 in-depth, semi-structured interviews (16 health care providers, 12 village health teams and 12 CMs, aged 25-80 years). Interviews were analyzed using inductive coding, and the Illness Representations Model guided our analysis. Stakeholder groups showed concordance in identifying causal mechanisms of COPD, but showed disagreement in reasons for care seeking behaviors and treatment preferences. CMs did not use a distinct label to differentiate COPD from other respiratory illnesses, and described both the physical and social consequences of COPD. Local representations can inform development of adapted educational and self-management tools for COPD.

Introduction: The presence of hypertension could reduce the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with HIV (PWH). Yet, literature describing the HRQoL of PWH who have hypertension in Uganda is scarce making the design of locally adapted interventions cumbersome. In our study, we compared HRQoL scores of people with HIV with and without hypertension on long term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda. Methods: We recruited 149 PWH with hypertension and 159 PWH without hypertension in the long-term ART cohort at an urban clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Data on socio-demographics were collected using an interviewer designed questionnaire while data on the World Health Organisation clinical stage viral load and CD4 count as well as ART duration were extracted from clinic electronic database and a generic EuroQol -5D- 5L (EQ-5D- 5L) and Medical Outcome Study (MOS-HIV) questionnaire used to collect HRQoL data. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics while inferential statistics were used to determine associations between key variables and HRQoL. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare HRQoL between groups of interest. Results: One hundred ninety (61.7%) participants were female. PWH who had hypertension were older (Mean ± SD: 53.7 ± 8.3 vs 49.9 ± 8.6, p value <0.001) than those without hypertension. Participants with hypertension had lower overall median health utility scores (0.71 (0.33–0.80) vs 0.80 (0.44–0.80), p value = 0.029) and mean physical health score (48.44 ± 10.17 vs 51.44 ± 9.65, p value < 0.001) as opposed to those without hypertension. Hypertension (p value = 0.023), high income status, >70,000 UGX, (p value = 0.044), disclosure of the HIV status of the participants to their partner (p value = 0.026), and current history of smoking (p value = 0.029) were associated with low HRQoL scores. Conclusion: Among people with HIV, those with hypertension had lower HRQoL compared to those without. This calls for inclusion of quality-of-life assessment in the management of PWH who have been diagnosed with hypertension to identify those at risk and plan early interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in urban and rural Uganda and to identify risk factors for these diseases. Methods The population-based, cross-sectional study included adults aged 35 years or older. All participants were evaluated by spirometry according to standard guidelines and completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms, functional status and demographic characteristics. The presence of four chronic respiratory conditions was monitored: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, chronic bronchitis and a restrictive spirometry pattern. Findings In total, 1502 participants (average age: 46.9 years) had acceptable, reproducible spirometry results: 837 (56%) in rural Nakaseke and 665 (44%) in urban Kampala. Overall, 46.5% (698/1502) were male. The age-adjusted prevalence of any chronic respiratory condition was 20.2%. The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD was significantly greater in rural than urban participants (6.1 versus 1.5%, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas asthma was significantly more prevalent in urban participants: 9.7% versus 4.4% in rural participants (P < 0.001). The age-adjusted prevalence of chronic bronchitis was similar in rural and urban participants (3.5 versus 2.2%, respectively; P = 0.62), as was that of a restrictive spirometry pattern (10.9 versus 9.4%; P=0.82). For COPD, the population attributable risk was 51.5% for rural residence, 19.5% for tobacco smoking, 16.0% for a body mass index < 18.5 kg/[m.sup.2] and 13.0% for a history of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic respiratory disease was high in both rural and urban Uganda. Place of residence was the most important risk factor for COPD and asthma. Objectif Determiner la prevalence de maladies respiratoires chroniques en zones urbaines et rurales en Ouganda et identifier les facteurs de risque associes a ces maladies. Methodes L'etude de prevalence basee sur une population incluait des adultes ages de 35 ans ou plus. Tous les participants ont ete soumis a un test de spirometrie conformement aux directives standards et ont rempli un questionnaire sur leurs symptomes respiratoires, leur etat fonctionnel et leurs caracteristiques demographiques. La presence de quatre maladies respiratoires chroniques a ete controlee: bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive, asthme, bronchite chronique et modele de spirometrie restrictive. Resultats Au total, 1502 individus (age moyen: 46,9 ans) ont obtenu des resultats de spirometrie acceptables, reproductibles: 837 (56%) a Nakaseke, en zone rurale, et 665 (44%) a Kampala, en zone urbaine. Dans l'ensemble, 46,5% (698/1502) etaient des hommes. La prevalence ajustee selon l'age de toutes les maladies respiratoires chroniques etait de 20,2%. La prevalence ajustee selon l'age de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive etait considerablement plus elevee chez les participants ruraux que chez les participants urbains (6,1 contre 1,5%, respectivement; P < 0,001), tandis que la prevalence de l'asthme etait considerablement plus elevee chez les participants urbains: 9,7% contre 4,4% pour les participants ruraux (P < 0,001). La prevalence ajustee selon l'age de la bronchite chronique etait similaire chez les participants ruraux et urbains (3,5 contre 2,2%, respectivement; P=0,62), de meme que la prevalence d'un modele de spirometrie restrictive (10,9 contre 9,4%; P=0,82). Dans le cas de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive, la fraction etiologique du risque etait de 51,5% pour le lieu de residence rural, 19,5% pour l'usage du tabac, 16,0% pour un indice de masse corporel < 18,5 kg/[m.sup.2] et 13,0% pour un antecedent de traitement de la tuberculose pulmonaire. Conclusion La prevalence de maladies respiratoires chroniques etait elevee a la fois en zone rurale et en zone urbaine en Ouganda. Le lieu de residence etait le facteur de risque le plus important pour la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive et l'asthme. [phrase omitted] Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de las enfermedades respiratorias cronicas en las zonas urbanas y rurales de Uganda e identificar los factores de riesgo de estas. Metodos El estudio transversal basado en la poblacion incluyo adultos de 35 anos o mas. Todos los participantes se evaluaron por espirometria de acuerdo con las directrices estandar y completaron cuestionarios sobre los sintomas respiratorios, el estado funcional y las caracteristicas demograficas. Se monitorizo la presencia de cuatro afecciones respiratorias cronicas: enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica (EPOC), asma, bronquitis cronica y un patron de espirometria restrictivo. Resultados En total, 1502 participantes (edad media: 46,9 anos) tuvieron unos resultados de espirometria aceptables y reproducibles: 837 (56 %) en la zona rural de Nakaseke y 665 (44 %) en la zona urbana de Kampala. En total, el 46,5 % (698/1502) eran hombres. La prevalencia ajustada por edad de cualquier afeccion respiratoria cronica fue de 20,2 %. La prevalencia de la EPOC ajustada por edad fue significativamente mayor en los participantes rurales que en los urbanos (6,1 frente a 1,5 %, respectivamente; p < 0,001), mientras que el asma fue significativamente mas frecuente en los participantes urbanos: 9,7 % frente a 4,4 % en los participantes rurales (p < 0,001). La prevalencia ajustada por edad de la bronquitis cronica fue similar en los participantes rurales y urbanos (3,5 % frente a 2,2 %, respectivamente; p = 0,62), al igual que la de un patron espirometrico restrictivo (10,9 % frente a 9,4 %; p = 0,82). Para la EPOC, el riesgo atribuible a la poblacion fue del 51,5 % para la residencia rural, del 19,5 % para el tabaco, del 16,0 % para un indice de masa corporal inferior a 18,5 kg/[m.sup.2] y del 13,0 % para un historial de tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar. Conclusion La prevalencia de las enfermedades respiratorias cronicas era alta tanto en las zonas rurales como en las urbanas de Uganda. El lugar de residencia fue el factor de riesgo mas importante para la EPOC y el asma., Introduction Chronic respiratory disease affects one billion people worldwide and is a leading cause of death. (1) Most forms of the disease are noncommunicable, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [...]