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A field experiment materialized during the winter of 2022 at the College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, to determine the effect of foliar spraying of several concentrations of NPK and amino acids on growth characteristics and yield of broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea var. Italica). The study implemented a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factorial experiments and three replications. The first factor included three concentrations of NPK (0, 1.5, and 2.5 g L-1 ), and the second with three concentrations of amino acids (0, 1, and 2 ml L-1 ). The findings demonstrated notable disparities, with the third concentration of NPK (2.5 g L -1 ) exhibiting superior performance, giving a plant height of 63.78 cm, leaves per plant (18.076 leaves plant-1 ), stem diameter (3.326 mm), flower disc weight per plant (510.84 g plant-1 ), and the flower holder diameter (18.671 mm). Regarding the impact of amino acid, the concentration at 2 ml L-1 appeared with maximum values across traits, i.e., plant height (62.50 cm), number of leaves (17.477 leaf plant-1 ), stem diameter (3.241 mm), flower disc weight (485.49 g), and the diameter of the flower container (15.972 mm). The interaction between the two factors displayed significant effects, with the highest interaction between the third concentration of NPK (2.5 g L -1 ) and the concentration of amino acid (2 ml L-1 ) arising in most traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Recent improvements in artificial intelligence and computer vision make it possible to automatically detect abnormalities in medical images. Skin lesions are one broad class of them. There are types of lesions that cause skin cancer, again with several types. Melanoma is one of the deadliest types of skin cancer. Its early diagnosis is at utmost importance. The treatments are greatly aided with artificial intelligence by the quick and precise diagnosis of these conditions. The identification and delineation of boundaries inside skin lesions have shown promise when using the basic image processing approaches for edge detection. Further enhancements regarding edge detections are possible. In this paper, the use of fractional differentiation for improved edge detection is explored on the application of skin lesion detection. A framework based on fractional differential filters for edge detection in skin lesion images is proposed that can improve automatic detection rate of malignant melanoma. The derived images are used to enhance the input images. Obtained images then undergo a classification process based on deep learning. A well-studied dataset of HAM10000 is used in the experiments. The system achieves 81.04% accuracy with EfficientNet model using the proposed fractional derivative based enhancements whereas accuracies are around 77.94% when using original images. In almost all the experiments, the enhanced images improved the accuracy. The results show that the proposed method improves the recognition performance.

Background: The study of the peculiarities of the anatomy of sheep and rabbits' digestive systems is an important way to improve the efficiency of these animals' breeding. Aim: The aim of the presented research was to study structural changes of such digestive glands as the liver and the pancreas which occur in the process of ontogenesis in sheep and rabbits. Methods: Sheep of the "Kazakh fat-tailed semi-coarse-wooled" breed (n = 8) raised in the "Sayan" private peasant agriculture and rabbits of the "Grey Giant" breed (n = 8), raised on the mini rabbit farm of the Agriculture Faculty of Shakarim University were used in the research. Two experimental animal groups were formed (of sheep, "Kazakh fat-tailed semi-coarse-wooled" breed, n = 8; rabbits, "Grey Giant" breed, n = 8). The liver and pancreas' ontogenesis development has been studied in these animals. Results: The study presents a holistic view of the macro-microscopic structure of the liver and the pancreas of animals in crucial age periods, stages, and phases of postembryonic ontogenesis (by the example of sheep and rabbits). The authors have traced age stages of adaptive change and structural-functional change of stromal-parenchymatous structures of the liver in sheep and rabbits taking into account stages and crucial phases of development. Conclusion: Development of the liver and the pancreas are characterized by discontinuous growth in the process of postnatal ontogenesis. A crucially important period is the first months after birth, during which the weight and functionality of these organs grow rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is believed that many biomarkers and factors could be linked to the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-Dimer, vitamin D, and ferritin statuses with the prognosis of COVID-19; moreover, it was attempted to investigate its prevalence according to age, employment status, body mass index (BMI), and place of residency in a population sample of hospitalized patients in Thi-Qar, Iraq. This study evaluated 200 COVID-19 patients and 100 controls. The BMI of all individuals was calculated, and such demographic characteristics as age, gender, place of residency, and occupational status were collected from all participants. Blood samples were taken and used to estimate D-Dimer, LDH, vitamin D, ferritin, oxygen, and pulse rate. The mean age of the patients approached the fifth decade, and 72% of the cases were more than 40 years of age. In addition, 60% of the patients were living in the countryside, and 52% of the participants were employed, compared to only 8% of the cases who were students. The BMI of the patients was obtained at 31.44±10.2 kg/m2; accordingly, 47% and 40% of the cases were obese and overweight, respectively, compared to only 12% of the patients who had normal weight (P<0.05). There were significantly lower vitamin D levels in the patients; however, the concentrations of LDH, serum ferritin, and D-Dimer were significantly higher in the patients, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Not only age and body weight but also employment status and place of residency maybe also the important risk factors for COVID-19 distribution. LDH, D-dimer, vitamin D, and ferritin statuses could be used as good biomarkers for this disease and its severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The shoulder joint is the joint with the most dislocations in all joints. The arthroscopic surgery method is considered the gold standard because it creates less soft tissue damage, shorter hospitalization and surgery time, and less restriction of movement after surgery in shoulder instability. Anterior single portal technique has become popular recently. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the results of the anterior single portal repair technique using “birdbeak”. We try to evaluate if this technique is a reliable technique and has the same or more advantages of two portal arthroscopic surgery and make the surgery easier for surgeons. Methods In the total of 40 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation between January 2017 and February 2020, this study included 19 patients with the surgical technique of arthroscopic isolated anterior labrum tear repair using a birdbeak from the anterior single working portal. Clinical results were evaluated with the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Rowe Score for Instability (RWS) and Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS) tests before and after surgery. The relationship between the time to surgery after the first dislocation and clinical outcomes was also examined in the study. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to control the assumption of normality. In addition, Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation analyzes were used to test the relationship between the variables. Results The mean follow-up period of the 19 patients included in this study was 33.1 months. The mean time to surgery after the first dislocation was 18.4 months. The mean preoperative number of dislocations was 5.3. The mean number of anchors used in the repair was 2.1. No recurrent dislocations were observed after surgery. A significant difference was observed between preoperative and postoperative SST, RWS and OSIS scores (respectively, p = 0.000 0.05, p = 0.39 > 0.05, p = 0.31 > 0.05). Conclusion It has been observed that the repair technique applied using the “birdbeak” from the anterior single working portal is a successful treatment, and further studies are required due to the limited literature.

During the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT), the performance of communication and sensing antennas that are embedded in smart surfaces or smart devices can be affected by objects in their reactive near field due to detuning and antenna mismatch. Matching networks have been proposed to re-establish impedance matching when antennas become detuned due to environmental factors. In this work, the change in the reflection coefficient at the antenna, due to the presence of objects, is first characterized as a function of the frequency and object distance by applying Gaussian process regression on experimental data. Based on this characterization, for random object positions, it is shown through simulation that a dynamic environment can lower the reliability of a matching network by up to 90%, depending on the type of object, the probability distribution of the object distance, and the required bandwidth. As an alternative to complex and power-consuming real-time adaptive matching, a new, resilient network tuning strategy is proposed that takes into account these random variations. This new approach increases the reliability of the system by 10% to 40% in these dynamic environment scenarios.

Ebeveynlerin kendilerine ait olan malları çocuklarına dilediği gibi paylaştırıp paylaştıramayacağı, günümüzde sıkça karşılaşılan problemlerden birisidir. Mülkiyet hakkının bir gereği olarak insanlar sahip olduğu eşyayı dilediği gibi kullanma, yararlanma ve tasarruf etme hakkına sahiptir. Bu yüzden edâ ehliyetine sahip olan ebeveynler, hayatta iken malının tamamını yabancı birisine bağışlayabileceği gibi çocukları arasında da dilediği gibi paylaştırabilir. Ebeveynlerin hayatta iken çocuklarına mal verme gibi bir mecburiyeti yoktur; ancak çocuklar arasında bir mal paylaşımına giderse, adâlete riayet etmesi ve eşit davranması gerekir. Çünkü ayrımcılık ve eşitsizlik, çocuklar arasında kin ve nefret duygularının ortaya çıkmasına, dargınlık ve soğukluğa, nihayetinde aile bağlarının zedelenmesine yol açabilir. Çocuklar arasında mal paylaştırılırken adâlet ve eşitliğin dinî gerekliliği hususunda herhangi bir ihtilaf yoktur, ancak bunların gözetilmediği durumlarda yapılan tasarrufun hukuken geçerli olup olmadığı ya da bu meselede eşitliğin hukukî bir zorunluluk (vücûb) olup olmadığı tartışmalıdır. Konuyla ilgili doktrinde biri mendup, diğeri vacip olmak üzere iki görüş bulunmaktadır. Erken dönem hukukçuların yanı sıra Hanbelî ve Zahirî mezhebine göre ebeveynlerin bu konuda adâlet ve eşitliği sağlaması hukuki bir zorunluluktur. Bu sebeple meşru bir gerekçe olmadığı sürece adâlet ve eşitliğin sağlanması vâcip (farz), ayrımcılık yapılması da haramdır. Adâlet ve eşitliğin gözetilmesi, hukuki bir zorunluluk olunca bu şartı taşımayan işlemler de hukuki açıdan geçersiz (bâtıl) sayılır ve hiçbir sonuç doğurmaz. Hanefî, Şafiî ve Malikî fakihlerinin de içinde bulunduğu diğer görüş sahiplerine göre ise meşru bir gerekçe olmadığı sürece ebeveynlerin bu konuda eşit davranması müstehap, ayrımcılık yapması mekruhtur. Bu görüşü savunanlara göre adâlet ve eşitlik dinen gözetilmesi gereken bir şart olsa da, hukukî bir zorunluluk değildir. Bu yüzden ayrımcılık yapan kişi, dinin hoş karşılamadığı bir fiili yaparak günahkâr olsa da yaptığı bağışlar hukuken geçerlidir, teslim-tesellüm gerçekleşmişse sonuçlarını doğurur. Yapılan hibe işlemi geçerli kabul edilince kişinin vefatından önce de sonra da hiç kimsenin itiraz etme ve buna karışma hakkı yoktur. Çünkü bu tasarruf kişinin kendi mülkündeki tasarrufudur ve aynî bir hak olması hasebiyle hiç kimse buna karışamaz. Adâlet ve eşitliğe riayet edilmediği durumlarda -varislere zarar vereceği gerekçesiyle- yapılan tasarrufun yargı yoluyla sınırlandırılması ya da tamamen geçersiz sayılması gerektiğine dair bazı görüşler ileri sürülmüştür. Ancak iddia edilen bu görüşlerin kapsamlı bir şekilde tahlil edilmesi gerekmektedir. Öncelikle bireylerin hayatta iken çocuklarına yaptığı mal paylaşımının bir miras taksimi olmadığını ve bunun miras hükümleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilemeyeceğini ifade etmek gerekir. Çünkü miras hukuku ile mirasçılık vasıfları, kişinin ölümünden sonra doğan bir haktır ve insanlar bu haklarını ancak kişinin ölümüyle kazanırlar. Bu sebeple İslâm hukukuna göre taraflar arasındaki bu ilişkinin varis-muris şeklinde konumlandırılması veya vasiyete kıyas edilerek üçte biri aşan tasarrufların geçerli olmadığını ya da varislere zarar vereceği gerekçesiyle insanların mubah alandaki tasarruf yetkisinin sınırlandırılabileceğini ileri sürmek isabetli bir yaklaşım değildir. Çünkü böyle bir yaklaşım, farklı olan iki şeyin birbirine kıyas edilmesi (kıyâs ma’a’l-fârık) sonucunu doğurmaktadır. Günümüzde insanlar, miras haklarının ihlal edildiğini düşünerek yapılan bağışlar ile devir işlemlerini hemen durdurmak veya derhal bu tasarrufları iptal ettirmek istemektedirler. Ancak günümüz hukukuna göre de bağışta bulunan kişi hayatta iken dava açılarak bu işlemin sınırlandırılması ya da iptal ettirilmesi mümkün değildir. Çünkü bu işlem, akıl sağlığı yerinde olan kişinin kendi mülkünde gerçekleştirdiği bir tasarruf olduğu için hiç kimsenin buna karışma hakkı yoktur. Zira mülkiyet hakkı, sınırsız aynî bir hak olması hasebiyle insana sahip olduğu eşya üzerinde dilediği gibi tasarruf etme yetkisini sağlar. Genel kural böyle olmakla birlikte kişinin sağlığında iken yaptığı tasarruflar çocukların yasal paylarının yarısını (saklı pay) aşmışsa, -İslâm hukukunun aksine- günümüz hukukuna göre ebeveynlerin ölümünden sonra dava açılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ebeveynlerin çocuklarına mal verirken adâlete riayet etmediği durumlarda yapılan bağışın hukuken geçerli olup olmadığı, böyle bir tasarrufun yargı yoluyla sınırlandırılıp sınırlandırılamayacağı ele alınarak Türk medeni hukukundaki mevcut durumu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Centipede bites have been reported rarely in humans. The mechanism of centipede toxin is not fully understood. Skin reactions develop more in centipede bites. In this text, we will present a case that developed thrombocytopenia after a centipede bite. An 18-month old female infant was bitten on the back of the right hand and the right side of the forehead. She applied to the emergency department with the complaint of redness and swelling that started in the morning hours after the bite. The vital signs of the patient were stable. The patient had no systemic complaints. The patient's laboratory tests, PLT was 28,000 K/UL were determined. During follow-up of the patient, bleeding symptoms developed associated with thrombocytopenia. The follow-up examination 10 days later, thrombocyte count was determined as 302,000 in the full blood count. Centipede bites are not greatly reported and the actual incidence is undoubtedly higher than assumed. Although the majority spontaneously recover with only simple local reactions that have formed, they can lead to serious complications such as acute myocardial infarcts, acute coronary ischemia, acute renal damage, anaphylaxis, or thrombocytopenia. Therefore, following a centipede bite, patients must be evaluated carefully and attention must be paid in respect of complications.

Abstract Purpose To compare the correction angles determined by the Miniaci and Dugdale techniques in patients treated with medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) and show their impact on clinical outcomes. Methods Seventy‐four patients constituted the study group. The correction angles in Group 1 were measured using the Miniaci technique, and those in Group 2 were measured using the Dugdale technique. The clinical evaluations included the Tinetti Gait and Balance Assessment (TGBA), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) scores, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The effect of the correction angle on the patient's clinical outcomes was evaluated. Measurement techniques were also changed between groups for comparison. Results Seventy‐four patients (62 females, 12 males) with a mean age of 53.7 ± 4.9 years were followed up for a mean of 67.4 ± 5.5 months. The TGBA, WOMAC, and VAS scores were improved at the last follow‐up compared to the preoperative scores (p

Bariatric and metabolic surgery is currently the most effective procedure of achieving and maintaining weight loss. In the case under discussion, a 48-year-old male patient with heart insufficiency and an implanted left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) wanted to reduce his high BMI (48.6 kg/m2), so as to qualify for the heart transplant waiting list. According to the guidelines, he underwent all the required preoperative testing, which included psychosomatic clarifications, determination of endocrinological causes, and a nutritional consultation. During laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, a cardiac technician was present to support the anesthetist. After inserting 3 trocars with no complications, the greater curvature was mobilized using Medtronic’s bipolar electrothermal vessel-sealing instrument, LigaSure™. The resection was performed with an Ethicon™ endostapler. Postoperative monitoring showed no signs of hemorrhage. The patient’s BMI on the day of surgery was 46.8 kg/m2 and consecutively fell to 26.7 kg/m2 1 year after the procedure. Follow-up appointments revealed that the patient was fit and in good health. Thus, the patient’s aim of being listed on the transplant list was fulfilled, and at the time of this writing, he is ready to be matched with an organ donor. Because high-BMI patients with inserted LVADs are less likely to receive a donor graft and must remain longer on transplant waiting lists than normal-weight patients, bariatric and metabolic weight loss surgery may lead to a speedier resolution for these high-risk patients.

PurposeTotal marrow irradiation (TMI) involves optimization of extremely large target volumes and requires extensive clinical experience and time for both treatment planning and delivery. Although volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) achieves substantial reduction in treatment delivery time, planning process still presents a challenge due to use of multiple isocenters and multiple overlapping arcs. We developed and evaluated a knowledge-based planning (KBP) model for VMAT-TMI to address these clinical challenges.MethodsFifty-one patients previously treated in our clinic were selected for the model training, while 22 patients from another clinic were used as a test set. All plans used a 3-isocenter to cover sub-target volumes of head and neck (HN), chest, and pelvis. Chest plan was performed first and then used as the base dose for both the HN and pelvis plans to reduce hot spots around the field junctions. This resulted in a wide range of dose-volume histograms (DVH). To address this, plans without the base-dose plan were optimized and added to the library to train the model.ResultsKBP achieved our clinical goals (95% of PTV receives 100% of Rx) in a single day, which used to take 4-6 days of effort without KBP. Statistically significant reductions with KBP were observed in the mean dose values to brain, lungs, oral cavity and lenses. KBP substantially improved 105% dose spillage (14.1% ± 2.4% vs 31.8% ± 3.8%), conformity index (1.51 ± 0.06 vs 1.81 ± 0.12) and homogeneity index (1.25 ± 0.02 vs 1.33 ± 0.03).ConclusionsKBP improved dosimetric performance with uniform quality. It reduced dependence on planner experience and achieved a factor of 5 reduction in planning time to produce quality plans to allow its wide-spread clinical implementation.

Modern dönemde sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik alanda meydana gelen gelişmeler, toplumsal değerlerdeki değişimleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Toplumun en temel yapı taşı konumundaki aile kurumu da bu değişimin yaşandığı alanlardan birisidir. Modernleşme ile birlikte geniş aile yapılarının çözülerek yerini çekirdek ailelere bırakması ve kadının iş hayatına katılmasıyla bu sürecin daha da hızlanması, yaşlıların ailedeki ve toplumdaki konumunu ciddi şekilde değişikliğe uğratmıştır. Ailenin yapısında meydana gelen bu değişim, yaşlı ve bakıma muhtaç olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarından ve torunlarından uzak bir şekilde hayat sürmelerine ve sıcak bir aile ortamı ile sosyal çevrelerinden kopar(ılar)ak huzurevlerinde yalnızlığa mahkûm olmalarına yol açmıştır. İslam medeniyetinin bir ürünü olmayan bu kurumların ve burada yaşayan kişi sayısının her geçen gün artması, vicdan sahibi herkesi rahatsız etmektedir. Bu durum, İslam hukuku açısından aile büyüklerine sahip çıkmanın, onları koruyup kollamanın ve ihtiyaç halinde nafakalarını temin etmenin gereğini ortaya koymayı ve bu konudaki sorumluluklarımızı hatırlatmayı gerektirmektedir. Zikredilen gerekçe sebebiyle, bu çalışmada çocukların ebeveynlerine ve aile büyüklerine karşı nafaka sorumluluğu ele alınacaktır.İslam hukukunda nafakayla ilgili birtakım çalışmalar yapılmış olsa da bunların bazısı usûlün (ana-baba, dede ve nine) nafakasını genel olarak ele alan çalışmaların içerisinde bir bölüm ya da alt başlık olarak sunarken, bazıları da meselenin pratik uygulamalarına hiç temas etmemektedir. Hâlbuki hukukun pratik uygulamasını dikkate almadan yapılan bir çalışma eksik olacaktır. Bu yüzden usûlün nafakasıyla ilgili klasik fıkıh kitaplarında ele alınan teorik bilginin pratikte nasıl uygulandığının ortaya konulması gerekmektedir.Diğer taraftan usûlün nafakasıyla ilgili şimdiye kadar yapılan çalışmalar, daha ziyade mezhepler üstü bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Ancak zikredilen bu durum, geleneksel fıkıh düşüncesindeki hukuki faaliyet tarzıyla pek örtüşmemektedir. Bu yüzden ilgili konudaki görüşleri belirli bir mezhep ya da ekolün literatürü üzerinden okumak daha isabetli olacaktır. Çünkü geleneksel fıkıh düşüncesinde şer’î bir meselenin hükmü, her mezhebin kendi fürû-ı fıkıh sistematiği içinde ele alınmış ve sistem bu şekilde işletilmiştir.Yukarıda bahsettiğimiz sebeplerden dolayı çocukların ebeveynlerine ve aile büyüklerine karşı nafaka sorumluluğunu inceleyeceğimiz bu çalışmayı Hanefî mezhebinin kaynaklarından hareketle ele almaya çalışacağız. Bu bağlamda öncelikle nafakanın tanımı, türleri ve konuyla ilgili hükümler ele alınacaktır. Akabinde ise, usûlün nafakasıyla ilgili konularda Hanefî mezhebi içerisinde bir değişimin olup olmadığı, daha önce ileri sürülen görüşlerin Osmanlı fetvâ mecmuâlarına nasıl yansıdığı, Osmanlı şeriyye sicillerinden hareketle bunların pratikte nasıl uygulandığı ve usûlün nafakasının Türk Medeni Hukuku’ndaki mevcut durumu gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.

For ultra-reliable high-data-rate communication, the beyond fifth generation (B5G) and the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks will heavily rely on beamforming, with mobile users often located in the radiative near-field of large antenna systems. Therefore, a novel approach to shape both the amplitude and phase of the electric near-field of any general antenna array topology is presented. Leveraging on the active element patterns generated by each antenna port, the beam synthesis capabilities of the array are exploited through Fourier analysis and spherical mode expansions. As a proof-of-concept, two different arrays are synthesized from the same active antenna element. These arrays are used to obtain 2D near-field patterns with sharp edges and a 30 dB difference between the fields’ magnitudes inside and outside the target regions. Various validation and application examples demonstrate the full control of the radiation in every direction, yielding optimal performance for the users in the focal zones, while significantly improving the management of the power density outside of them. Moreover, the advocated algorithm is very efficient, allowing for a fast, real-time modification and shaping of the array’s radiative near-field.