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727 results on '"Kammel, P."'

1. Measurements of a LYSO crystal array from threshold to 100 MeV

Author: Beesley, O., Carlton, J., Davis-Purcell, B., Ding, D., Foster, S., Frahm, K., Gibbons, L., Gorringe, T., Hertzog, D. W., Hochrein, S., Hui, J., Kammel, P., LaBounty, J., Liu, J., Roehnelt, R., Schwendimann, P., Soter, A., Swanson, E., and Taylor, B.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report measurements of ten custom-made high-homogeneity LYSO crystals. The investigation is motivated by the need for a compact, high-resolution, and fast electromagnetic calorimeter for a new rare pion decay experiment. Each $2.5\times 2.5 \times 18$ cm$^3$ crystal was first characterized for general light yield properties and then its longitudinal response uniformity and energy resolution were measured using low-energy gamma sources. The ten crystals were assembled as an array and subjected to a 30 - 100 MeV positron beam with excellent momentum definition. The energy and timing resolutions were measured as a function of energy, and the spatial resolution was determined at 70 MeV. An additional measurement using monoenergetic 17.6 MeV gammas produced through a p-Li resonance was later made after the photosensors used in positron testing were improved. As an example of the results, the energy resolution at 70 MeV of 1.80 $\pm$ 0.05% is more than two times better than reported results using previous generation LYSO crystals.
Published: 2024

2. Gain suppression study on LGADs at the CENPA tandem accelerator

Author: Braun, S., Buat, Q., Ding, J., Kammel, P., Mazza, S. M., McKinney-Martinez, F., Molnar, A., Lansdell, C., Ott, J., Seiden, A., Schumm, B., and Zhao, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are a type of thin silicon detector with a highly doped gain layer that provides moderate internal signal amplification. One recent challenge in the use of LGADs, studied by several research groups, is the gain suppression mechanism for large localized charge deposits. Using the CENPA Tandem accelerator at the University of Washington, the response of the LGADs to MeV-range energy deposits from a proton beam was studied. Two LGAD prototypes and a PIN diode were characterized, and the gain of the devices was determined as a function of bias voltage, incidence beam angle and proton energy. This study was conducted in the scope of the PIONEER experiment, an experiment proposed at the Paul Scherrer Institute to perform high-precision measurements of rare pion decays. %At the center of the experiment, a high-granularity active target (ATAR) will stop the pion and characterize its decay. A range of deposited charge from Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP, few 10s of KeV) from positrons to several MeV from the stopping pions/muons is expected in PIONEER; the detection and separation of close-by hits in such a wide dynamic range will be a main challenge of the experiment. To achieve this goal, the gain suppression mechanism has to be understood fully.
Published: 2024
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3. Detailed Report on the Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm

Author: Aguillard, D. P., Albahri, T., Allspach, D., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, L., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Braun, S., Bressler, M., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chen, C., Cheng, M., Chislett, R., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Claessens, C., Convery, M. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Sciascio, G., Donati, S., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Edmonds, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Gaines, I., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Goodenough, L., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hess, E., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Hu, T., Hu, Y., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D. S., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lu, Z., Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Mitra, B., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Ng, J. K., Nguyen, H., Oksuzian, Y., Omarov, Z., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Qureshi, M. U. H., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Reimann, R., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Sakurai, M., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Sorbara, M., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stöckinger, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wu, Y., Yu, B., Yucel, M., Zeng, Y., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present details on a new measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, $a_\mu = (g_\mu -2)/2$. The result is based on positive muon data taken at Fermilab's Muon Campus during the 2019 and 2020 accelerator runs. The measurement uses $3.1$ GeV$/c$ polarized muons stored in a $7.1$-m-radius storage ring with a $1.45$ T uniform magnetic field. The value of $ a_{\mu}$ is determined from the measured difference between the muon spin precession frequency and its cyclotron frequency. This difference is normalized to the strength of the magnetic field, measured using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The ratio is then corrected for small contributions from beam motion, beam dispersion, and transient magnetic fields. We measure $a_\mu = 116 592 057 (25) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.21 ppm). This is the world's most precise measurement of this quantity and represents a factor of $2.2$ improvement over our previous result based on the 2018 dataset. In combination, the two datasets yield $a_\mu(\text{FNAL}) = 116 592 055 (24) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.20 ppm). Combining this with the measurements from Brookhaven National Laboratory for both positive and negative muons, the new world average is $a_\mu$(exp) $ = 116 592 059 (22) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.19 ppm)., Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures; 4 pages of Supplement Material; version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Published: 2024

4. Search for Muon Catalyzed 3Hed Fusion

Author: Fotev, V. D., Ganzha, V. A., Ivshin, K. A., Kravchenko, P. V., Kravtsov, P. A., Maev, E. M., Nadtochiy, A. V., Solovev, A. N., Solovyev, I. N., Spiridenkov, E. M., Vasilyev, A. A., Vorobyov, A. A., Voropaev, N. I., Vznuzdaev, M. E., Kammel, P., Muldoon, E. T., Ryan, R. A., Salvat, D. J., Prindle, D., Hildebrandt, M., Lauss, B., Petitjean, C., Gorringe, T., Carey, R. M., and Gray, F. E.
Published: 2024
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5. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm

Author: Aguillard, D. P., Albahri, T., Allspach, D., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, L., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Braun, S., Bressler, M., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chen, C., Cheng, M., Chislett, R., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Claessens, C., Convery, M. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Sciascio, G., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Edmonds, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Gaines, I., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Goodenough, L., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hess, E., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Hu, T., Hu, Y., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D. S., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lu, Z., Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Mitra, B., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Ng, J. K., Nguyen, H., Oksuzian, Y., Omarov, Z., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Qureshi, M. U. H., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Reimann, R., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Sorbara, M., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stöckinger, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wu, Y., Yu, B., Yucel, M., Zeng, Y., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu - 2)/2$, from the Fermilab Muon $g\!-\!2$ Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, $\omega_a$. From the ratio $\omega_a / \tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, together with precisely determined external parameters, we determine $a_\mu = 116\,592\,057(25) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.21 ppm). Combining this result with our previous result from the 2018 data, we obtain $a_\mu\text{(FNAL)} = 116\,592\,055(24) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.20 ppm). The new experimental world average is $a_\mu (\text{Exp}) = 116\,592\,059(22)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.19 ppm), which represents a factor of 2 improvement in precision., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2023
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6. Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos (FSNN): Whitepaper for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan

Author: Acharya, B., Adams, C., Aleksandrova, A. A., Alfonso, K., An, P., Baeßler, S., Balantekin, A. B., Barbeau, P. S., Bellini, F., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Bernauer, J. C., Bhattacharya, T., Bishof, M., Bolotnikov, A. E., Breur, P. A., Brodeur, M., Brodsky, J. P., Broussard, L. J., Brunner, T., Burdette, D. P., Caylor, J., Chiu, M., Cirigliano, V., Clark, J. A., Clayton, S. M., Daniels, T. V., Darroch, L., Davoudi, Z., de Gouvêa, A., Dekens, W., Demarteau, M., DeMille, D., Deshpande, A., Detwiler, J. A., Dodson, G. W., Dolinski, M. J., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Erler, J., Filippone, B. W., Fomin, N., Formaggio, J. A., Friesen, F. Q. L., Fry, J., Fujikawa, B. K., Fuller, G., Fuyuto, K., Gallant, A. T., Gallina, G., Ruiz, A. Garcia, Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Gardner, S., Gonzalez, F. M., Gratta, G., Gruszko, J., Gudkov, V., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Haxton, W. C., Hayen, L., Hedges, S., Heeger, K. M., Heffner, M., Heise, J., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Hertzog, D. W., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Holt, J. D., Hoogerheide, S. F., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Howell, C. R., Huang, M., Hutzler, N. R., Imam, K., Ito, T. M., Jamil, A., Janssens, R. V., Jayich, A. M., Jones, B. J. P., Kammel, P., Liu, K. F., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Klein, J. R., Kneller, J. P., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Korsch, W., Krücken, R., Kumar, K. S., Launey, K. D., Lawrence, D., Leach, K. G., Lehnert, B., Lenardo, B. G., Li, Z., Lin, H. -W., Longfellow, B., Lopez-Caceres, S., Lunardini, C., MacLellan, R., Markoff, D. M., Maruyama, R. H., Mathews, D. G., Melconian, D., Mereghetti, E., Mohanmurthy, P., Moore, D. C., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Nazarewicz, W., Newby, J., Nicholson, A. N., Novitski, E., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ouellet, J. L., Parno, D. S., Paschke, K. D., Pastore, S., Pattie Jr, R. W., Petrov, A. A., Pitt, M. L., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pocar, A., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rahangdale, H., Rasco, B. C., Rasiwala, H., Redwine, R. P., Ritz, A., Rogers, L., Ron, G., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Sargsyan, G. H., Saunders, A., Savard, G., Schaper, D. C., Scholberg, K., Scielzo, N. D., Seng, C. -Y., Shindler, A., Singh, J. T., Singh, M., Singh, V., Snow, W. M., Soma, A. K., Souder, P. A., Speller, D. H., Stachurska, J., Surukuchi, P. T., Oregui, B. Tapia, Tomalak, O., Torres, J. A., Tyuka, O. A., VanDevender, B. A., Varriano, L., Vogt, R., Walker-Loud, A., Wamba, K., Watkins, S. L., Wietfeldt, F. E., Williams, W. D., Wilson, J. T., Winslow, L., Yan, X. L., Yang, L., Young, A. R., Zheng, X., and Zhou, Y.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This whitepaper presents the research priorities decided on by attendees of the 2022 Town Meeting for Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons and Neutrinos, which took place December 13-15, 2022 in Chapel Hill, NC, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 275 scientists registered for the meeting. The whitepaper makes a number of explicit recommendations and justifies them in detail.
Published: 2023

7. Need for Speed: Fast Correspondence-Free Lidar-Inertial Odometry Using Doppler Velocity

Author: Yoon, David J., Burnett, Keenan, Laconte, Johann, Chen, Yi, Vhavle, Heethesh, Kammel, Soeren, Reuther, James, and Barfoot, Timothy D.
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: In this paper, we present a fast, lightweight odometry method that uses the Doppler velocity measurements from a Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) lidar without data association. FMCW lidar is a recently emerging technology that enables per-return relative radial velocity measurements via the Doppler effect. Since the Doppler measurement model is linear with respect to the 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) vehicle velocity, we can formulate a linear continuous-time estimation problem for the velocity and numerically integrate for the 6-DOF pose estimate afterward. The caveat is that angular velocity is not observable with a single FMCW lidar. We address this limitation by also incorporating the angular velocity measurements from a gyroscope. This results in an extremely efficient odometry method that processes lidar frames at an average wall-clock time of 5.64ms on a single thread, well below the 10Hz operating rate of the lidar we tested. We show experimental results on real-world driving sequences and compare against state-of-the-art Iterative Closest Point (ICP)-based odometry methods, presenting a compelling trade-off between accuracy and computation. We also present an algebraic observability study, where we demonstrate in theory that the Doppler measurements from multiple FMCW lidars are capable of observing all 6 degrees of freedom (translational and angular velocity)., Comment: Accepted and presented at IROS 2023
Published: 2023

8. Picking Up Speed: Continuous-Time Lidar-Only Odometry using Doppler Velocity Measurements

Author: Wu, Yuchen, Yoon, David J., Burnett, Keenan, Kammel, Soeren, Chen, Yi, Vhavle, Heethesh, and Barfoot, Timothy D.
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) lidar is a recently emerging technology that additionally enables per-return instantaneous relative radial velocity measurements via the Doppler effect. In this letter, we present the first continuous-time lidar-only odometry algorithm using these Doppler velocity measurements from an FMCW lidar to aid odometry in geometrically degenerate environments. We apply an existing continuous-time framework that efficiently estimates the vehicle trajectory using Gaussian process regression to compensate for motion distortion due to the scanning-while-moving nature of any mechanically actuated lidar (FMCW and non-FMCW). We evaluate our proposed algorithm on several real-world datasets, including publicly available ones and datasets we collected. Our algorithm outperforms the only existing method that also uses Doppler velocity measurements, and we study difficult conditions where including this extra information greatly improves performance. We additionally demonstrate state-of-the-art performance of lidar-only odometry with and without using Doppler velocity measurements in nominal conditions. Code for this project can be found at: https://github.com/utiasASRL/steam_icp., Comment: RA-L & ICRA2023
Published: 2022

9. Testing Lepton Flavor Universality and CKM Unitarity with Rare Pion Decays in the PIONEER experiment

Author: PIONEER Collaboration, Altmannshofer, W., Binney, H., Blucher, E., Bryman, D., Caminada, L., Chen, S., Cirigliano, V., Corrodi, S., Crivellin, A., Cuen-Rochin, S., Di Canto, A., Doria, L., Gaponenko, A., Garcia, A., Gibbons, L., Glaser, C., Godoy, M. Escobar, Göldi, D., Gori, S., Gorringe, T., Hertzog, D., Hodge, Z., Hoferichter, M., Ito, S., Iwamoto, T., Kammel, P., Kiburg, B., Labe, K., LaBounty, J., Langenegger, U., Malbrunot, C., Mazza, S. M., Mihara, S., Mischke, R., Mori, T., Mott, J., Numao, T., Ootani, W., Ott, J., Pachal, K., Polly, C., Počanić, D., Qian, X., Ries, D., Roehnelt, R., Schumm, B., Schwendimann, P., Seiden, A., Sher, A., Shrock, R., Soter, A., Sullivan, T., Tarka, M., Tischenko, V., Tricoli, A., Velghe, B., Wong, V., Worcester, E., Worcester, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The physics motivation and the conceptual design of the PIONEER experiment, a next-generation rare pion decay experiment testing lepton flavor universality and CKM unitarity, are described. Phase I of the PIONEER experiment, which was proposed and approved at Paul Scherrer Institut, aims at measuring the charged-pion branching ratio to electrons vs.\ muons, $R_{e/\mu}$, 15 times more precisely than the current experimental result, reaching the precision of the Standard Model (SM) prediction at 1 part in $10^4$. Considering several inconsistencies between the SM predictions and data pointing towards the potential violation of lepton flavor universality, the PIONEER experiment will probe non-SM explanations of these anomalies through sensitivity to quantum effects of new particles up to the PeV mass scale. The later phases of the PIONEER experiment aim at improving the experimental precision of the branching ratio of pion beta decay (BRPB), $\pi^+\to \pi^0 e^+ \nu (\gamma)$, currently at $1.036(6)\times10^{-8}$, by a factor of three (Phase II) and an order of magnitude (Phase III). Such precise measurements of BRPB will allow for tests of CKM unitarity in light of the Cabibbo Angle Anomaly and the theoretically cleanest extraction of $|V_{ud}|$ at the 0.02\% level, comparable to the deduction from superallowed beta decays., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021 based on the PIONEER proposal (arXiv:2203.01981)
Published: 2022

10. PIONEER: Studies of Rare Pion Decays

Author: PIONEER Collaboration, Altmannshofer, W., Binney, H., Blucher, E., Bryman, D., Caminada, L., Chen, S., Cirigliano, V., Corrodi, S., Crivellin, A., Cuen-Rochin, S., DiCanto, A., Doria, L., Gaponenko, A., Garcia, A., Gibbons, L., Glaser, C., Godoy, M. Escobar, Göldi, D., Gori, S., Gorringe, T., Hertzog, D., Hodge, Z., Hoferichter, M., Ito, S., Iwamoto, T., Kammel, P., Kiburg, B., Labe, K., LaBounty, J., Langenegger, U., Malbrunot, C., Mazza, S. M., Mihara, S., Mischke, R., Mori, T., Mott, J., Numao, T., Ootani, W., Ott, J., Pachal, K., Polly, C., Počanić, D., Qian, X., Ries, D., Roehnelt, R., Schumm, B., Schwendimann, P., Seiden, A., Sher, A., Shrock, R., Soter, A., Sullivan, T., Tarka, M., Tischenko, V., Tricoli, A., Velghe, B., Wong, V., Worcester, E., Worcester, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A next-generation rare pion decay experiment, PIONEER, is strongly motivated by several inconsistencies between Standard Model (SM) predictions and data pointing towards the potential violation of lepton flavor universality. It will probe non-SM explanations of these anomalies through sensitivity to quantum effects of new particles even if their masses are at very high scales. Measurement of the charged-pion branching ratio to electrons vs. muons $R_{e/\mu}$ is extremely sensitive to new physics effects. At present, the SM prediction for $R_{e/\mu}$ is known to 1 part in $10^4$, which is 15 times more precise than the current experimental result. An experiment reaching the theoretical accuracy will test lepton flavor universality at an unprecedented level, probing mass scales up to the PeV range. Measurement of pion beta decay, $\pi^+\to \pi^0 e^+ \nu (\gamma)$, with 3 to 10-fold improvement in sensitivity, will determine $V_{ud}$ in a theoretically pristine manner and test CKM unitarity, which is very important in light of the recently emerged tensions. In addition, various exotic rare decays involving sterile neutrinos and axions will be searched for with unprecedented sensitivity. The experiment design benefits from experience with the recent PIENU and PEN experiments at TRIUMF and the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Excellent energy and time resolutions, greatly increased calorimeter depth, high-speed detector and electronics response, large solid angle coverage, and complete event reconstruction are all critical aspects of the approach. The PIONEER experiment design includes a 3$\pi$ sr 25 radiation length calorimeter, a segmented low gain avalanche detector stopping target, a positron tracker, and other detectors. Using intense pion beams, and state-of-the-art instrumentation and computational resources, the experiments can be performed at the PSI ring cyclotron.
Published: 2022

11. Das Membranprotein FocA reguliert den Formiat-Metabolismus

Author: Kammel, Michelle
Published: 2024
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12. A Radar-Based Concept for Simultaneous High-Resolution Imaging and Pixel-Wise Velocity Analysis for Tracking Human Motion

Author: Johanna Braunig, Simon Heinrich, Birte Coppers, Christoph Kammel, Vanessa Wirth, Marc Stamminger, Sigrid Leyendecker, Anna-Maria Liphardt, Ingrid Ullmann, and Martin Vossiek
Subjects: Human motion tracking, near-field imaging, radar imaging, velocity measurement, Telecommunication, TK5101-6720, Electric apparatus and materials. Electric circuits. Electric networks, TK452-454.4
Abstract: The radar-based analysis of human motion is actively being researched due to its contact- and markerless nature and ability to measure motion directly via the Doppler effect. Especially in medical and biomechanical fields, precise movement analysis is crucial. However, existing radar-based studies typically exhibit low lateral resolution, focusing on velocity evaluations and the tracking of scattering centers resolvable in the range or Doppler domains. In this work, we present a novel concept that enables a pixel-wise velocity analysis of human motion in radar near-field imaging scenarios. For this, we utilize the well-established back-projection technique to reconstruct consecutive radar images and perform a subsequent pixel-wise phase comparison. To accurately capture pixel-specific velocities along the depth dimension, this is followed by corrections of near-field geometry distortions accounting for aperture properties and pixel positions. Our theoretical derivations are supported by comprehensive point target simulations. To assess the performance of the proposed approach, we conducted a proof-of-concept study. We tracked a hand surface's movement while performing a finger tapping motion and compared the fingertip position and velocity determined by the radar with the respective values obtained from an optical marker-based system. The results showed a velocity measurement accuracy of $8.1 \,\mathrm{mms}^{-1}$ and a tracking accuracy of $1.4 \,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}$, demonstrating the great potential of our approach. The high angular resolution of the velocity measurement enables the tracking of the entire illuminated body shell, extending the range of future applications of radar-based motion analysis.
Published: 2024
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13. A Measurement of Proton, Deuteron, Triton and Alpha Particle Emission after Nuclear Muon Capture on Al, Si and Ti with the AlCap Experiment

Author: AlCap Collaboration, Edmonds, Andrew, Quirk, John, Wong, Ming-Liang, Alexander, Damien, Bernstein, Robert H., Daniel, Aji, Diociaiuti, Eleonora, Donghia, Raffaella, Gillies, Ewen L., Hungerford, Ed V., Kammel, Peter, Krikler, Benjamin E., Kuno, Yoshitaka, Lancaster, Mark, Litchfield, R. Phillip, Miller, James P., Palladino, Anthony, Repond, Jose, Sato, Akira, Sarra, Ivano, Soleti, Stefano Roberto, Tishchenko, Vladimir, Tran, Nam H., Uchida, Yoshi, Winter, Peter, and Wu, Chen
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Heavy charged particles after nuclear muon capture are an important nuclear physics background to the muon-to-electron conversion experiments Mu2e and COMET, which will search for charged lepton flavor violation at an unprecedented level of sensitivity. The AlCap experiment measured the yield and energy spectra of protons, deuterons, tritons, and alpha particles emitted after the nuclear capture of muons stopped in Al, Si, and Ti in the low energy range relevant for the muon-to-electron conversion experiments. Individual charged particle types were identified in layered silicon detector packages and their initial energy distributions were unfolded from the observed energy spectra. Detailed information on yields and energy spectra for all observed nuclei are presented in the paper., Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2021

14. Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid concentrations in samples used in INSTAND external quality assessment schemes

Author: Valiente, Esmeralda, Falak, Samreen, Kummrow, Andreas, Kammel, Martin, Corman, Victor M., Macdonald, Rainer, and Zeichhardt, Heinz
Published: 2023
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15. Results of German external quality assessment schemes for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection

Author: Vierbaum, Laura, Wojtalewicz, Nathalie, Grunert, Hans-Peter, Zimmermann, Anika, Scholz, Annemarie, Goseberg, Sabine, Kaiser, Patricia, Duehring, Ulf, Drosten, Christian, Corman, Victor, Niemeyer, Daniela, Rabenau, Holger F., Obermeier, Martin, Nitsche, Andreas, Michel, Janine, Puyskens, Andreas, Huggett, Jim F., O’Sullivan, Denise M., Busby, Eloise, Cowen, Simon, Vallone, Peter M., Cleveland, Megan H., Falak, Samreen, Kummrow, Andreas, Schellenberg, Ingo, Zeichhardt, Heinz, and Kammel, Martin
Published: 2023
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16. Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid concentrations in samples used in INSTAND external quality assessment schemes

Author: Esmeralda Valiente, Samreen Falak, Andreas Kummrow, Martin Kammel, Victor M. Corman, Rainer Macdonald, and Heinz Zeichhardt
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, Nucleocapsid (NCap) antigen, ELISA, RNA, RT-dPCR, Quantification, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Abstract Objective In routine clinical laboratories, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is determined by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). In the COVID pandemic, a wide range of antigen detection tests were also in high demand. We investigated the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 NCap antigen and N gene concentration by analyzing samples from several INSTAND external quality assessment (EQA) schemes starting in March 2021. The absolute N gene concentration was measured using reverse transcriptase digital PCR (RT-dPCR) as reference value. Moreover, the performance of five commercial ELISA tests using an EQA inactivated SARS-CoV-2 sample at different concentrations was assessed on the basis of these reference values. Results Quantitative ELISA and RT-dPCR results showed a good correlation between SARS-CoV-2 NCap antigen and RNA concentration, but this correlation varies among SARS-CoV-2 isolates. A direct correlation between SARS-CoV-2 NCap antigen concentration and genome concentration should not be generally assumed. Conclusion Further correlation studies between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and NCap antigen concentrations are needed, particularly in clinical samples and for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, to support the monitoring and improvement of antigen testing.
Published: 2023
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17. Measurement of the anomalous precession frequency of the muon in the Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment

Author: Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) has measured the muon anomalous precession frequency $\omega_a$ to an uncertainty of 434 parts per billion (ppb), statistical, and 56 ppb, systematic, with data collected in four storage ring configurations during its first physics run in 2018. When combined with a precision measurement of the magnetic field of the experiment's muon storage ring, the precession frequency measurement determines a muon magnetic anomaly of $a_{\mu}({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.46 ppm). This article describes the multiple techniques employed in the reconstruction, analysis and fitting of the data to measure the precession frequency. It also presents the averaging of the results from the eleven separate determinations of \omega_a, and the systematic uncertainties on the result., Comment: 29 pages, 19 figures. Published in Physical Review D
Published: 2021
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18. Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab

Author: Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Conway, A., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has measured the anomalous precession frequency $a^{}_\mu = (g^{}_\mu-2)/2$ of the muon to a combined precision of 0.46 parts per million with data collected during its first physics run in 2018. This paper documents the measurement of the magnetic field in the muon storage ring. The magnetic field is monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance systems and calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^\circ$C. The measured field is weighted by the muon distribution resulting in $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, the denominator in the ratio $\omega^{}_a$/$\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ that together with known fundamental constants yields $a^{}_\mu$. The reported uncertainty on $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ for the Run-1 data set is 114 ppb consisting of uncertainty contributions from frequency extraction, calibration, mapping, tracking, and averaging of 56 ppb, and contributions from fast transient fields of 99 ppb., Comment: Added one citation and corrected missing normalization in Eqs (35) and (36)
Published: 2021
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19. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm

Author: Abi, B., Albahri, T., Al-Kilani, S., Allspach, D., Alonzi, L. P., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Azfar, F., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Behnke, A., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bjorkquist, R., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Boyden, D., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Carroll, J., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Ceravolo, S., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Convery, M. E., Conway, A., Corradi, G., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., De Lurgio, P. M., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Eggert, N., Epps, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fiedler, A., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Fu, C., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., Gastler, D. E., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Hahn, D., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hazen, E., Hempstead, J., Henry, S., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Johnstone, C., Johnstone, J. A., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Korostelev, M., Kourbanis, I., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Luo, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Maxfield, S., McEvoy, M., Merritt, W., Mikhailichenko, A. A., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Motuk, E., Nath, A., Newton, D., Nguyen, H., Oberling, M., Osofsky, R., Ostiguy, J. -F., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Popovic, M., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Rider, N. T., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Sathyan, D., Schellman, H., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shatunov, Y. M., Shemyakin, D., Shenk, M., Sim, D., Smith, M. W., Smith, A., Soha, A. K., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Strohman, C., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Warren, M., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Whitley, M., Winter, P., Wolski, A., Wormald, M., Wu, W., and Yoshikawa, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present the first results of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu-2)/2$. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency $\omega_a$ between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ${\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$ in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^{\circ}$C. The ratio $\omega_a / {\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$, together with known fundamental constants, determines $a_\mu({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.46\,ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$, the new experimental average of $a_\mu({\rm Exp}) = 116\,592\,061(41)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.35\,ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviations, Comment: 10 pages; 4 figures
Published: 2021
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20. Beam dynamics corrections to the Run-1 measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment at Fermilab

Author: Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fiedler, A., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Korostelev, M., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Newton, D., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Sathyan, D., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper presents the beam dynamics systematic corrections and their uncertainties for the Run-1 data set of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Two corrections to the measured muon precession frequency $\omega_a^m$ are associated with well-known effects owing to the use of electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) vertical focusing in the storage ring. An average vertically oriented motional magnetic field is felt by relativistic muons passing transversely through the radial electric field components created by the ESQ system. The correction depends on the stored momentum distribution and the tunes of the ring, which has relatively weak vertical focusing. Vertical betatron motions imply that the muons do not orbit the ring in a plane exactly orthogonal to the vertical magnetic field direction. A correction is necessary to account for an average pitch angle associated with their trajectories. A third small correction is necessary because muons that escape the ring during the storage time are slightly biased in initial spin phase compared to the parent distribution. Finally, because two high-voltage resistors in the ESQ network had longer than designed RC time constants, the vertical and horizontal centroids and envelopes of the stored muon beam drifted slightly, but coherently, during each storage ring fill. This led to the discovery of an important phase-acceptance relationship that requires a correction. The sum of the corrections to $\omega_a^m$ is 0.50 $\pm$ 0.09 ppm; the uncertainty is small compared to the 0.43 ppm statistical precision of $\omega_a^m$., Comment: 35 pages, 29 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams
Published: 2021
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21. Results of German external quality assessment schemes for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection

Author: Laura Vierbaum, Nathalie Wojtalewicz, Hans-Peter Grunert, Anika Zimmermann, Annemarie Scholz, Sabine Goseberg, Patricia Kaiser, Ulf Duehring, Christian Drosten, Victor Corman, Daniela Niemeyer, Holger F. Rabenau, Martin Obermeier, Andreas Nitsche, Janine Michel, Andreas Puyskens, Jim F. Huggett, Denise M. O’Sullivan, Eloise Busby, Simon Cowen, Peter M. Vallone, Megan H. Cleveland, Samreen Falak, Andreas Kummrow, Ingo Schellenberg, Heinz Zeichhardt, and Martin Kammel
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the important role of diagnostic tests, including lateral flow tests (LFTs), in identifying patients and their contacts to slow the spread of infections. INSTAND performed external quality assessments (EQA) for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection with lyophilized and chemically inactivated cell culture supernatant of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells. A pre-study demonstrated the suitability of the material. Participants reported qualitative and/or quantitative antigen results using either LFTs or automated immunoassays for five EQA samples per survey. 711 data sets were reported for LFT detection in three surveys in 2021. This evaluation focused on the analytical sensitivity of different LFTs and automated immunoassays. The inter-laboratory results showed at least 94% correct results for non-variant of concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection for viral loads of ≥ 4.75 × 106 copies/mL and SARS-CoV-2 negative samples. Up to 85% had success for a non-VOC viral load of ~ 1.60 × 106 copies/mL. A viral load of ~ 1.42 × 107 copies/mL of the Delta VOC was reported positive in > 96% of results. A high specificity was found with almost 100% negative SARS-CoV-2 antigen results for HCoV 229E and HCoV NL63 positive samples. Quantitative results correlated with increasing SARS-CoV-2 viral load but showed a broad scatter. This study shows promising SARS-CoV-2 antigen test performance of the participating laboratories, but further investigations with the now predominant Omicron VOC are needed.
Published: 2023
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22. Search for muon catalyzed $d^3He$ fusion

Author: Fotev, V. D., Ganzha, V. A., Ivshin, K. A., Kravchenko, P. V., Kravtsov, P. A., Maev, E. M., Nadtochy, A. V., Solovev, A. N., Solovyev, I. N., Vasilyev, A. A., Vorobyov, A. A., Voropaev, N. I., Vznuzdaev, M. E., Kammel, P., Muldoon, E. T., Ryan, R. A., Salvat, D. J., Prindle, D., Hildebrandt, M., Lauss, B., Petitjean, C., Gorringe, T., Carey, R. M., and Gray, F. E.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: This report presents the results of an experiment aimed at observation of the muon catalyzed $^3\!He\;d$ fusion reaction $^3\!He + \mu\;d\to^3\!He\;\mu\;d\to^4\!He(3.66MeV)+p(14.64MeV)+\mu$ which might occur after a negative muon stop in the $D_2+^3\!He$ gas mixture. The basic element of the experimental setup is a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) which can detect the incoming muons and the products of the fusion reaction. The TPC operated with the $D_2 + ^3\~He (5%)$ gas mixture at $31K$ temperature. About $10^8$ $^3\!He\;\mu\;d$ molecules were produced with only 2 registered candidates for the muon catalyzed $^3\!He\;d$ fusion with the expected background $N_{bg}=2.2\pm 0.3$ events. This gives an upper limit for the probability of the fusion decay of the $^3\!He\;\mu\;d$ molecule $P_{F}(^3\!He\;\mu\;d)\leq 1.1\cdot 10^{-7}$ at 90% C.L. Also presented are the measured formation rate of the $^3\!He\;\mu\;d$ molecule $\lambda_{d3He}=192(3)\cdot 10^6 s^{-1}$ and the probability of the fast muon transfer from the excited to the ground state of the $\mu\;d$ atom $q_{1S}=0.80(3)$., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2020

23. Hypothalamic estrogen receptor alpha establishes a sexually dimorphic regulatory node of energy expenditure.

Author: van Veen, J Edward, Kammel, Laura G, Bunda, Patricia C, Shum, Michael, Reid, Michelle S, Massa, Megan G, Arneson, Douglas, Park, Jae W, Zhang, Zhi, Joseph, Alexia M, Hrncir, Haley, Liesa, Marc, Arnold, Arthur P, Yang, Xia, and Correa, Stephanie M
Abstract: Estrogen receptor a (ERa) signaling in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) contributes to energy homeostasis by modulating physical activity and thermogenesis. However, the precise neuronal populations involved remain undefined. Here, we describe six neuronal populations in the mouse VMH by using single-cell RNA transcriptomics and in situ hybridization. ERa is enriched in populations showing sex biased expression of reprimo (Rprm), tachykinin 1 (Tac1), and prodynorphin (Pdyn). Female biased expression of Tac1 and Rprm is patterned by ERa-dependent repression during male development, whereas male biased expression of Pdyn is maintained by circulating testicular hormone in adulthood. Chemogenetic activation of ERa positive VMH neurons stimulates heat generation and movement in both sexes. However, silencing Rprm gene function increases core temperature selectively in females and ectopic Rprm expression in males is associated with reduced core temperature. Together these findings reveal a role for Rprm in temperature regulation and ERa in the masculinization of neuron populations that underlie energy expenditure.
Published: 2020

24. Hypothalamic oestrogen receptor alpha establishes a sexually dimorphic regulatory node of energy expenditure

Author: van Veen, J Edward, Kammel, Laura G, Bunda, Patricia C, Shum, Michael, Reid, Michelle S, Massa, Megan G, Arneson, Douglas V, Park, Jae W, Zhang, Zhi, Joseph, Alexia M, Hrncir, Haley, Liesa, Marc, Arnold, Arthur P, Yang, Xia, and Correa, Stephanie M
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Women's Health, Neurosciences, Estrogen, Genetics, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Genetic Markers, Hypothalamus, Male, Mice, Neurons, Sex Characteristics, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics, Medical physiology, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract: Estrogen receptor a (ERa) signaling in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) contributes to energy homeostasis by modulating physical activity and thermogenesis. However, the precise neuronal populations involved remain undefined. Here, we describe six neuronal populations in the mouse VMH by using single-cell RNA transcriptomics and in situ hybridization. ERa is enriched in populations showing sex biased expression of reprimo (Rprm), tachykinin 1 (Tac1), and prodynorphin (Pdyn). Female biased expression of Tac1 and Rprm is patterned by ERa-dependent repression during male development, whereas male biased expression of Pdyn is maintained by circulating testicular hormone in adulthood. Chemogenetic activation of ERa positive VMH neurons stimulates heat generation and movement in both sexes. However, silencing Rprm gene function increases core temperature selectively in females and ectopic Rprm expression in males is associated with reduced core temperature. Together these findings reveal a role for Rprm in temperature regulation and ERa in the masculinization of neuron populations that underlie energy expenditure.
Published: 2020

25. Selective sexual differentiation of neurone populations may contribute to sex‐specific outputs of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

Author: Kammel, Laura G and Correa, Stephanie M
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Neurological, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Neurons, Sex Characteristics, Sex Differentiation, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus, neuroactive steroids, neuropeptides, oestrogens, progestogens, steroids, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Clinical sciences
Abstract: Sex differences among neurones in the ventrolateral region of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl) allow for the display of a diversity of sex-typical behaviours and physiological responses, ranging from mating behaviour to metabolism. Here, we review recent studies that interrogate the relationship between sex-typical responses and changes in cellular phenotypes. We discuss technologies that increase the resolution of molecular profiling or targeting of cell populations, including single-cell transcriptional profiling and conditional viral genetic approaches to manipulate neurone survival or activity. Overall, emerging studies indicate that sex-typical functions of the VMH may be mediated by phenotypically distinct and sexually differentiated neurone populations within the VMHvl. Future studies in this and other brain regions could exploit cell-type-specific tools to reveal the cell populations and molecular mediators that modulate sex-typical responses. Furthermore, cell-type-specific analyses of the effects of sexually differentiating factors, including sex hormones, can test the hypothesis that distinct cell types within a single brain region vary with respect to sexual differentiation.
Published: 2020

26. The Coronavirus Standards Working Group’s roadmap for improved population testing

Author: Mercer, Tim, Almond, Neil, Crone, Michael A., Chain, Patrick S. G., Deshpande, Alina, Eveleigh, Deepa, Freemont, Paul, Fuchs, Sebastien, Garlick, Russell, Huggett, Jim, Kammel, Martin, Li, Po-E, Milavec, Mojca, Marlowe, Elizabeth M., O’Sullivan, Denise M., Page, Mark, Pestano, Gary A., Suliman, Sara, Simen, Birgitte, Sninsky, John J., Sopchak, Lynne, Tato, Cristina M., Vallone, Peter M., Vandesompele, Jo, White, Thomas J., Zeichhardt, Heinz, and Salit, Marc
Published: 2022
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27. Enhanced GABAergic Tonic Inhibition Reduces Intrinsic Excitability of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Author: Kammel, Laura G, Wei, Weizheng, Jami, Shekib A, Voskuhl, Rhonda R, and O'Dell, Thomas J
Subjects: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative, Autoimmune Disease, Brain Disorders, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Animals, CA1 Region, Hippocampal, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, GABA-A Receptor Antagonists, Long-Term Potentiation, Mice, Neural Inhibition, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Pyramidal Cells, Pyridazines, Synaptic Transmission, multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, hippocampus, inhibitory synaptic transmission, tonic inhibition, intrinsic excitability, long-term potentiation, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biological psychology
Abstract: Cognitive impairment (CI), a debilitating and pervasive feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), is correlated with hippocampal atrophy. Findings from postmortem MS hippocampi indicate that expression of genes involved in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission are altered in MS, and although deficits in excitatory neurotransmission have been reported in the MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the functional consequence of altered inhibitory neurotransmission remains poorly understood. In this study, we used electrophysiological and biochemical techniques to examine inhibitory neurotransmission in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in EAE. We find that tonic, GABAergic inhibition is enhanced in CA1 pyramidal cells from EAE mice. Although plasma membrane expression of the GABA transporter GAT-3 was decreased in the EAE hippocampus, an increased surface expression of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors appears to be primarily responsible for the increase in tonic inhibition during EAE. Enhanced tonic inhibition during EAE was associated with decreased CA1 pyramidal cell excitability and inhibition of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors with the negative allosteric modulator L-655,708 enhanced pyramidal cell excitability in EAE mice. Together, our results suggest that altered GABAergic neurotransmission may underlie deficits in hippocampus-dependent cognitive function in EAE and MS.
Published: 2018

28. A multiparametric fluorescence assay for screening aptamer–protein interactions based on microbeads

Author: Schmidt, Carsten, Kammel, Anne, Tanner, Julian A., Kinghorn, Andrew B., Khan, Muhammad Moman, Lehmann, Werner, Menger, Marcus, Schedler, Uwe, Schierack, Peter, and Rödiger, Stefan
Published: 2022
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29. Nucleon Axial Radius and Muonic Hydrogen - A New Analysis and Review

Author: Hill, Richard J., Kammel, Peter, Marciano, William J., and Sirlin, Alberto
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Weak capture in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$H) as a probe of the chiral properties and nucleon structure predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is reviewed. A recent determination of the axial-vector charge radius squared, $r_A^2(z\; {\rm exp.}) = 0.46(22)\;{\rm fm}^2$, from a model independent $z$ expansion analysis of neutrino-nucleon scattering data is employed in conjunction with the MuCap measurement of the singlet muonic hydrogen capture rate, $\Lambda_{\rm singlet}^{\rm MuCap} = 715.6(7.4)\;{\rm s}^{-1}$, to update the induced pseudoscalar nucleon coupling: $\bar{g}_P^{\rm MuCap} = 8.23(83)$ derived from experiment, and $\bar{g}_P^{\rm theory} = 8.25(25)$ predicted by chiral perturbation theory. Accounting for correlated errors this implies $\bar{g}_P^{\rm theory}/\bar{g}_P^{\rm MuCap}= 1.00(8)$, confirming theory at the 8% level. If instead, the predicted expression for $\bar{g}_P^{\rm theory}$ is employed as input, then the capture rate alone determines $r_A^2(\mu {\rm H})=0.46(24)\, {\rm fm}^2$, or together with the independent $z$ expansion neutrino scattering results, a weighted average $r_A^2({\rm ave.}) = 0.46(16)\, {\rm fm}^2$. Sources of theoretical uncertainty are critically examined and potential experimental improvements are described that can reduce the capture rate error by about a factor of 3. Muonic hydrogen can thus provide a precise and independent $r_A^2$ value which may be compared with other determinations, such as ongoing lattice gauge theory calculations. The importance of an improved $r_A^2$ determination for phenomenology is illustrated by considering the impact on critical neutrino-nucleus cross sections at neutrino oscillation experiments., Comment: 36 pages, 7 figures. v2: improved discussion of radiative corrections with reduced uncertainty; updated values for V_{ud} and g_A; references added; version to appear in Rept. Prog. Phys. v3: included missing sentence in g_A discussion on page 12 to make arxiv and published versions identical
Published: 2017
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30. Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos (FSNN): Whitepaper for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan

Author: Acharya, B, primary, Adams, C, additional, Aleksandrova, A, additional, Alfonso, K, additional, An, P, additional, Baessler, S, additional, Balantekin, A, additional, Barbeau, P, additional, Bellini, F, additional, Bellini, V, additional, Beminiwatha, R, additional, Bernauer, J, additional, Bhattacharya, T, additional, Bishof, M, additional, Bolotnikov, A, additional, Breur, P, additional, Brodeur, M, additional, Brodsky, J, additional, Broussard, L, additional, Brunner, T, additional, Burdette, D, additional, Caylor, J, additional, Chiu, M, additional, Cirigliano, V, additional, Clark, J, additional, Clayton, S, additional, Daniels, T, additional, Darroch, L, additional, Davoudi, Z, additional, de Gouvea, A, additional, Dekens, W, additional, Demarteau, M, additional, DeMille, D, additional, Deshpande, A, additional, Detwiler, J, additional, Dodson, G, additional, Kolinski, M, additional, Elliott, S, additional, Engel, J, additional, Erler, J, additional, Filippone, B, additional, Fomin, N, additional, Formaggio, J, additional, Fry, J, additional, Fujikawa, B, additional, Fuller, G, additional, Fuyuto, K, additional, Gallant, A, additional, Gallina, G, additional, Garcia Ruiz, A, additional, Garcia Ruiz, R, additional, Gardner, S, additional, Gonzalez, F, additional, Gratta, G, additional, Gruszko, J, additional, Gudkov, V, additional, Giuseppe, V, additional, Gutierrez, T, additional, Hansen, E, additional, Hardy, C, additional, Haxton, W, additional, Hayer, L, additional, Hedges, S, additional, Heeger, K, additional, Heffner, M, additional, Heise, J, additional, Henning, R, additional, Hergert, H, additional, Hertzog, D, additional, Hervas Aguilar, D, additional, Holt, J, additional, Hoogerheide, S, additional, Hoppe, E, additional, Horoi, M, additional, Howell, C, additional, Huang, M, additional, Hutzler, N, additional, Imam, K, additional, Ito, T, additional, Jamil, A, additional, Janssens, R, additional, Jayich, A, additional, Kammel, P, additional, Liu, K, additional, Khachatryan, V, additional, King, P, additional, Klein, J, additional, Kneller, J, additional, Kolomensky, Y, additional, Korsch, W, additional, Krucken, R, additional, Kumar, K, additional, Launey, K, additional, Lawrence, D, additional, Leach, K, additional, Lehnert, B, additional, Lenardo, B, additional, Li, Z, additional, Lin, H, additional, Longfellow, B, additional, Lopez-Caceres, S, additional, Lunardini, C, additional, MacLellan, R, additional, Markoff, D, additional, Maruyama, R, additional, Mathews, D, additional, Melconian, D, additional, Mereghetti, E, additional, Mohanmurthy, P, additional, Moore, D, additional, Mueller, P, additional, Mumm, H, additional, Nazarewicz, W, additional, Newby, J, additional, Nicholson, A, additional, Novitski, E, additional, Nzobadila Ondze, J, additional, O'Donnell, T, additional, Orebi Gann, G, additional, Orrell, J, additional, Ouellet, J, additional, Parno, D, additional, Paschke, K, additional, Pastore, S, additional, Pattie Jr, R, additional, Petrov, A, additional, Pitt, M, additional, Plaster, B, additional, Pocanic, D, additional, Pocar, A, additional, Radford, D, additional, Rahangdale, H, additional, Rasco, B, additional, Rasiwala, H, additional, Redwine, R, additional, Ritz, A, additional, Rogers, L, additional, Ron, G, additional, Saldanha, R, additional, Sangiorgio, S, additional, Sargsyan, G, additional, Saunders, A, additional, Savard, G, additional, Schaper, D, additional, Scholberg, K, additional, Scielzo, N, additional, Seng, C, additional, Shindler, A, additional, Singh, J, additional, Singh, M, additional, Singh, V, additional, Snow, W, additional, Soma, A, additional, Souder, P, additional, Speller, D, additional, Stachurska, J, additional, Surukuchi, P, additional, Tapia Oregui, B, additional, Tomalak, O, additional, Torres, J, additional, Tyuka, O, additional, VanDevender, B, additional, Varriano, L, additional, Vogt, R, additional, Walker-Loud, A, additional, Wamba, K, additional, Watkins, S, additional, Wietfeldt, F, additional, Williams, W, additional, Wilson, J, additional, Winslow, L, additional, Yan, X, additional, Yang, L, additional, Young, A, additional, Zheng, X, additional, and Zhou, Y, additional
Published: 2023
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31. A multiparametric fluorescence assay for screening aptamer–protein interactions based on microbeads

Author: Carsten Schmidt, Anne Kammel, Julian A. Tanner, Andrew B. Kinghorn, Muhammad Moman Khan, Werner Lehmann, Marcus Menger, Uwe Schedler, Peter Schierack, and Stefan Rödiger
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract For improving aptamer-ligand binding we have developed a screening system that defines optimal binding buffer composition. Using multiplex assays, one buffer system is needed which guarantees the specific binding of all aptamers. We investigated nine peer-reviewed DNA aptamers. Non-specific binding of aptamers is an obstacle. To address this, we investigated 16 proteins as specificity controls bound covalently to encoded microbeads in a multiplex assay. Increasing the NaCl concentration decreased the binding for all aptamers. Changing pH values by one unit higher or lower did not influence the aptamer binding significantly. However, pH
Published: 2022
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32. Results of the first German external quality assessment scheme for the detection of monkeypox virus DNA.

Author: Laura Vierbaum, Nathalie Wojtalewicz, Anne Kaufmann, Sabine Goseberg, Patricia Kaiser, Hans-Peter Grunert, Ulf Dühring, Anika Zimmermann, Annemarie Scholz, Janine Michel, Andreas Nitsche, Holger F Rabenau, Martin Obermeier, Ingo Schellenberg, Heinz Zeichhardt, and Martin Kammel
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundIn May 2022, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) spread into non-endemic countries and the global community was quick to test the lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Due to its symptomatic resemblance to other diseases, like the non-pox virus varicella zoster (chickenpox), polymerase chain reaction methods play an important role in correctly diagnosing the rash-causing pathogen. INSTAND quickly established a new external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for MPXV and orthopoxvirus (OPXV) DNA detection to assess the current performance quality of the laboratory tests.MethodsWe analyzed quantitative and qualitative data of the first German EQA for MPXV and OPXV DNA detection. The survey included one negative and three MPXV-positive samples with different MPX viral loads. The threshold cycle (Ct) or other measures defining the quantification cycle (Cq) were analyzed in an assay-specific manner. A Passing Bablok fit was used to investigate the performance at laboratory level.Results141 qualitative datasets were reported by 131 laboratories for MPXV detection and 68 qualitative datasets by 65 laboratories for OPXV detection. More than 96% of the results were correctly identified as negative and more than 97% correctly identified as positive. An analysis of the reported Ct/Cq values showed a large spread of these values of up to 12 Ct/Cq. Nevertheless, there is a good correlation of results for the different MPXV concentrations at laboratory level. Only a few quantitative results in copies/mL were reported (MPXV: N = 5; OPXV: N = 2), but the results correlated well with the concentration differences between the EQA samples, which were to a power of ten each.ConclusionThe EQA results show that laboratories performed well in detecting both MPXV and OPXV. However, Ct/Cq values should be interpreted with caution when conclusions are drawn about the viral load as long as metrological traceability is not granted.
Published: 2023
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33. Gain suppression study on LGADs at the CENPA tandem accelerator

Author: Braun, S., primary, Buat, Q., additional, Ding, J., additional, Kammel, P., additional, Mazza, S.M., additional, McKinney-Martinez, F., additional, Molnar, A., additional, Lansdell, C., additional, Ott, J., additional, Seiden, A., additional, Schumm, B., additional, and Zhao, Y., additional
Published: 2024
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34. Design and performance of SiPM-based readout of PbF2 crystals for high-rate, precision timing applications

Author: Kaspar, J., Fienberg, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Huehn, M. A., Kammel, P., Khaw, K. S., Peterson, D. A., Smith, M. W., Van Wechel, T. D., Chapelain, A., Gibbons, L. K., Sweigart, D. A., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Venanzoni, G., Iacovacci, M., Mastroianni, S., Giovanetti, K., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., and Pocanic, D.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We have developed a custom amplifier board coupled to a large-format 16-channel Hamamatsu silicon photomultiplier device for use as the light sensor for the electromagnetic calorimeters in the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab. The calorimeter absorber is an array of lead-fluoride crystals, which produces short-duration Cherenkov light. The detector sits in the high magnetic field of the muon storage ring. The SiPMs selected, and their accompanying custom electronics, must preserve the short pulse shape, have high quantum efficiency, be non-magnetic, exhibit gain stability under varying rate conditions, and cover a fairly large fraction of the crystal exit surface area. We describe an optimized design that employs the new-generation of thru-silicon via devices. The performance is documented in a series of bench and beam tests., Comment: In version 2, simplified schematics of the SiPM board was fixed, and high rate test redone
Published: 2016
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35. Distinguishing functional from structural roles of conserved pore residues during formate translocation by the FocA anion channel

Author: Michelle Kammel and R. Gary Sawers
Subjects: anion channel, conserved residues, FNT family, FocA, formate translocation, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Abstract The formate‐specific anion channel FocA of Escherichia coli belongs to the superfamily of homopentameric formate‐nitrite transporters (FNT). Minimally nine amino acid residues are conserved in the formate translocation pore of each protomer of the pentamer, including a histidine (H209) and a threonine (T91), both of which are crucial for bidirectional formate translocation through the pore. Information regarding in vivo functional or structural roles for the other seven conserved residues is limited, or nonexistent. Here, we conducted an amino acid‐exchange analysis of these seven conserved residues. Using an established formate‐responsive lacZ‐based assay to monitor changes in intracellular formate levels and anaerobic growth rate due to the inhibitory formate analog hypophosphite, we identified five of the seven residues analyzed to be important for the structural integrity of the pentamer, in particular, two highly conserved asparagine residues, N213 and N262. The remaining two conserved residues, K156 and N172, were essential for formate/hypophosphite translocation. K156 is located on the periplasmic fringe of the pore and aids the attraction of formate to the channel. Here, we show that this residue is also important for formate efflux from the cytoplasm to the periplasm, suggesting a role in formate release from the pore. N172 could be replaced by alanine with retention of low‐level bidirectional anion translocation function; however, exchange for threonine abolished anion translocation. N172 is, therefore, crucial for bidirectional formate translocation, possibly through its interaction with the conserved pore residue, T91.
Published: 2022
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36. Measurement of the Formation Rate of Muonic Hydrogen Molecules

Author: MuCap Collaboration, Andreev, V. A., Banks, T. I., Carey, R. M., Case, T. A., Clayton, S. M., Crowe, K. M., Deutsch, J., Egger, J., Freedman, S. J., Ganzha, V. A., Gorringe, T., Gray, F. E., Hertzog, D. W., Hildebrandt, M., Kammel, P., Kiburg, B., Knaack, S., Kravtsov, P. A., Krivshich, A. G., Lauss, B., Lynch, K. R., Maev, E. M., Maev, O. E., Mulhauser, F., Petitjean, C., Petrov, G. E., Prieels, R., Schapkin, G. N., Semenchuk, G. G., Soroka, M. A., Tishchenko, V., Vasilyev, A. A., Vorobyov, A. A., Vznuzdaev, M. E., and Winter, P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Background: The rate \lambda_pp\mu\ characterizes the formation of pp\mu\ molecules in collisions of muonic p\mu\ atoms with hydrogen. In measurements of the basic weak muon capture reaction on the proton to determine the pseudoscalar coupling g_P, capture occurs from both atomic and molecular states. Thus knowledge of \lambda_pp\mu\ is required for a correct interpretation of these experiments. Purpose: Recently the MuCap experiment has measured the capture rate \Lambda_S from the singlet p\mu\ atom, employing a low density active target to suppress pp\mu\ formation (PRL 110, 12504 (2013)). Nevertheless, given the unprecedented precision of this experiment, the existing experimental knowledge in \lambda_pp\mu\ had to be improved. Method: The MuCap experiment derived the weak capture rate from the muon disappearance rate in ultra-pure hydrogen. By doping the hydrogen with 20 ppm of argon, a competing process to pp\mu\ formation was introduced, which allowed the extraction of \lambda_pp\mu\ from the observed time distribution of decay electrons. Results: The pp\mu\ formation rate was measured as \lambda_pp\mu = (2.01 +- 0.06(stat) +- 0.03(sys)) 10^6 s^-1. This result updates the \lambda_pp\mu\ value used in the above mentioned MuCap publication. Conclusions: The 2.5x higher precision compared to earlier experiments and the fact that the measurement was performed at nearly identical conditions to the main data taking, reduces the uncertainty induced by \lambda_pp\mu\ to a minor contribution to the overall uncertainty of \Lambda_S and g_P, as determined in MuCap. Our final value for \lambda_pp\mu\ shifts \Lambda_S and g_P by less than one tenth of their respective uncertainties compared to our results published earlier., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Published: 2015
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37. Muon (g-2) Technical Design Report

Author: Grange, J., Guarino, V., Winter, P., Wood, K., Zhao, H., Carey, R. M., Gastler, D., Hazen, E., Kinnaird, N., Miller, J. P., Mott, J., Roberts, B. L., Benante, J., Crnkovic, J., Morse, W. M., Sayed, H., Tishchenko, V., Druzhinin, V. P., Khazin, B. I., Koop, I. A., Logashenko, I., Shatunov, Y. M., Solodov, E., Korostelev, M., Newton, D., Wolski, A., Chapelain, A., Bjorkquist, R., Eggert, N., Frankenthal, A., Gibbons, L., Kim, S., Mikhailichenko, A., Orlov, Y., Rubin, D., Sweigart, D., Allspach, D., Annala, G., Barzi, E., Bourland, K., Brown, G., Casey, B. C. K., Chappa, S., Convery, M. E., Drendel, B., Friedsam, H., Gadfort, T., Hardin, K., Hawke, S., Hayes, S., Jaskierny, W., Johnstone, C., Johnstone, J., Kashikhin, V., Kendziora, C., Kiburg, B., Klebaner, A., Kourbanis, I., Kyle, J., Larson, N., Leveling, A., Lyon, A. L., Markley, D., McArthur, D., Merritt, K. W., Mokhov, N., Morgan, J. P., Nguyen, H., Ostiguy, J-F., Para, A., Popovic, C. C. Polly M., Ramberg, E., Rominsky, M., Schoo, D., Schultz, R., Still, D., Soha, A. K., Strigonov, S., Tassotto, G., Turrioni, D., Villegas, E., Voirin, E., Velev, G., Welty-Rieger, L., Wolff, D., Worel, C., Wu, J-Y., Zifko, R., Jungmann, K., Onderwater, C. J. G., Debevec, P. T., Ganguly, S., Kasten, M., Leo, S., Pitts, K., Schlesier, C., Gaisser, M., Haciomeroglu, S., Kim, Y-I., Lee, S., Lee, M-J, Semertzidis, Y. K., Giovanetti, K., Baranov, V. A., Duginov, V. N., Khomutov, N. V., Krylov, V. A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Volnykh, V. P., Crawford, C., Fatemi, R., Gohn, W. P., Gorringe, T. P., Korsch, W., Plaster, B., Anastasi, A., Babusci, D., Dabagov, S., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Hampai, D., Palladino, A., Venanzoni, G., Bowcock, T., Carroll, J., King, B., Maxfield, S., McCormick, K., Price, J., Sim, D., Smith, A., Teubner, T., Turner, W., Whitley, M., Wormald, M., Chislett, R., Kilani, S., Lancaster, M., Motuk, E., Stuttard, T., Warren, M., Flay, D., Kawall, D., Meadows, Z., Chupp, T., Raymond, R., Tewlsey-Booth, A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D., Catalonotti, S., Di Stefano, R., Iacovacci, M., Mastroianni, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Eads, M., Fortner, M., Hedin, D., Pohlman, N., de Gouvea, A., Schellman, H., Azfar, F., Henry, S., Alkhazov, G. D., Golovtsov, V. L., Neustroev, P. V., Uvarov, L. N., Vasilyev, A. A., Vorobyov, A. A., Zhalov, M. B., Cerrito, L., Gray, F., Di Sciascio, G., Moricciani, D., Fu, C., Ji, X., Li, L., Yang, H., Stöckinger, D., Cantatore, G., Cauz, D., Karuza, M., Pauletta, G., Santi, L., Baeßler, S., Bychkov, M., Frlez, E., Pocanic, D., Alonzi, L. P., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A., Froemming, N., Garcia, A., Kaspar, D. W. Hertzog J., Kammel, P., Osofsky, R., Smith, M., Swanson, E., van Wechel, T., and Lynch, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Muon (g-2) Experiment, E989 at Fermilab, will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment a factor-of-four more precisely than was done in E821 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS. The E821 result appears to be greater than the Standard-Model prediction by more than three standard deviations. When combined with expected improvement in the Standard-Model hadronic contributions, E989 should be able to determine definitively whether or not the E821 result is evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. After a review of the physics motivation and the basic technique, which will use the muon storage ring built at BNL and now relocated to Fermilab, the design of the new experiment is presented. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-2/3 approval., Comment: 666 pages
Published: 2015

38. Mu2e Technical Design Report

Author: Bartoszek, L., Barnes, E., Miller, J. P., Mott, J., Palladino, A., Quirk, J., Roberts, B. L., Crnkovic, J., Polychronakos, V., Tishchenko, V., Yamin, P., Cheng, C. -h., Echenard, B., Flood, K., Hitlin, D. G., Kim, J. H., Miyashita, T. S., Porter, F. C., Röhrken, M., Trevor, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Heckmaier, E., Kang, T. I., Lim, G., Molzon, W., You, Z., Artikov, A. M., Budagov, J. A., Davydov, Yu. I., Glagolev, V. V., Simonenko, A. V., Usubov, Z. U., Oh, S. H., Wang, C., Ambrosio, G., Andreev, N., Arnold, D., Ball, M., Bernstein, R. H., Bianchi, A., Biery, K., Bossert, R., Bowden, M., Brandt, J., Brown, G., Brown, H., Buehler, M., Campbell, M., Cheban, S., Chen, M., Coghill, J., Coleman, R., Crowley, C., Deshpande, A., Deuerling, G., Dey, J., Dhanaraj, N., Dinnon, M., Dixon, S., Drendel, B., Eddy, N., Evans, R., Evbota, D., Fagan, J., Feher, S., Fellenz, B., Friedsam, H., Gallo, G., Gaponenko, A., Gardner, M., Gaugel, S., Genser, K., Ginther, G., Glass, H., Glenzinski, D., Hahn, D., Hansen, S., Hartsell, B., Hays, S., Hocker, J. A., Huedem, E., Huffman, D., Ibrahim, A., Johnstone, C., Kashikhin, V., Kashikhin, V. V., Kasper, P., Kiper, T., Knapp, D., Knoepfel, K., Kokoska, L., Kozlovsky, M., Krafczyk, G., Kramp, M., Krave, S., Krempetz, K., Kutschke, R. K., Kwarciany, R., Lackowski, T., Lamm, M. J., Larwill, M., Leavell, F., Leeb, D., Leveling, A., Lincoln, D., Logashenko, V., Lombardo, V., Lopes, M. L., Makulski, A., Martinez, A., McArthur, D., McConologue, F., Michelotti, L., Mokhov, N., Morgan, J., Mukherjee, A., Murat, P., Nagaslaev, V., Neuffer, D. V., Nicol, T., Niehoff, J., Nogiec, J., Olson, M., Orris, D., Ostojic, R., Page, T., Park, C., Peterson, T., Pilipenko, R., Pla-Dalmau, A., Poloubotko, V., Popovic, M., Prebys, E., Prieto, P., Pronskikh, V., Pushka, D., Rabehl, R., Ray, R. E., Rechenmacher, R., Rivera, R., Robotham, W., Rubinov, P., Rusu, V. L., Scarpine, V., Schappert, W., Schoo, D., Stefanik, A., Still, D., Tang, Z., Tanovic, N., Tartaglia, M., Tassotto, G., Tinsley, D., Tschirhart, R. S., Vogel, G., Wagner, R., Wands, R., Wang, M., Werkema, S., White Jr., H. B., Whitmore, J., Wielgos, R., Woods, R., Worel, C., Zifko, R., Ciambrone, P., Colao, F., Cordelli, M., Corradi, G., Dane, E., Giovannella, S., Happacher, F., Luca, A., Miscetti, S., Ponzio, B., Pileggi, G., Saputi, A., Sarra, I., Soleti, R. S., Stomaci, V., Martini, M., Fabbricatore, P., Farinon, S., Musenich, R., Alexander, D., Daniel, A., Empl, A., Hungerford, E. V., Lau, K., Gollin, G. D., Huang, C., Roderick, D., Trundy, B., Brown, D. Na., Ding, D., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Lee, M. J., Cascella, M., Grancagnolo, F., Ignatov, F., Innocente, A., L'Erario, A., Miccoli, A., Maffezzoli, A., Mazzotta, P., Onorato, G., Piacentino, G. M., Rella, S., Rossetti, F., Spedicato, M., Tassielli, G., Taurino, A., Zavarise, G., Hooper, R., Brown, D. No., Djilkibaev, R., Matushko, V., Ankenbrandt, C., Boi, S., Dychkant, A., Hedin, D., Hodge, Z., Khalatian, V., Majewski, R., Martin, L., Okafor, U., Pohlman, N., Riddel, R. S., Shellito, A., de Gouvea, A. L., Cervelli, F., Carosi, R., Di Falco, S., Donati, S., Lomtadze, T., Pezzullo, G., Ristori, L., Spinella, F., Jones, M., Corcoran, M. D., Orduna, J., Rivera, D., Bennett, R., Caretta, O., Davenne, T., Densham, C., Loveridge, P., Odell, J., Bomgardner, R., Dukes, E. C., Ehrlich, R., Frank, M., Goadhouse, S., Group, R., Ho, E., Ma, H., Oksuzian, Y., Purvis, J., Wu, Y., Hertzog, D. W., Kammel, P., Lynch, K. R., and Popp, J. L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the preliminary design of the proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-2 approval., Comment: compressed file, 888 pages, 621 figures, 126 tables; full resolution available at http://mu2e.fnal.gov; corrected typo in background summary, Table 3.4
Published: 2015

39. Studies of an array of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout

Author: Fienberg, A. T., Alonzi, L. P., Anastasi, A., Bjorkquist, R., Cauz, D., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Frankenthal, A., Gabbanini, C., Gibbons, L. K., Giovanetti, K., Goadhouse, S. D., Gohn, W. P., Gorringe, T. P., Hertzog, D. W., Iacovacci, M., Kammel, P., Kaspar, J., Kiburg, B., Li, L., Mastroianni, S., Pauletta, G., Peterson, D. A., Pocanic, D., Smith, M. W., Sweigart, D. A., Tishchenko, V., Venanzoni, G., Van Wechel, T. D., Wall, K. B., Winter, P., and Yai, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The electromagnetic calorimeter for the new muon (g-2) experiment at Fermilab will consist of arrays of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) sensors. We report here on measurements and simulations using 2.0 -- 4.5 GeV electrons with a 28-element prototype array. All data were obtained using fast waveform digitizers to accurately capture signal pulse shapes versus energy, impact position, angle, and crystal wrapping. The SiPMs were gain matched using a laser-based calibration system, which also provided a stabilization procedure that allowed gain correction to a level of 1e-4 per hour. After accounting for longitudinal fluctuation losses, those crystals wrapped in a white, diffusive wrapping exhibited an energy resolution sigma/E of (3.4 +- 0.1) % per sqrt(E/GeV), while those wrapped in a black, absorptive wrapping had (4.6 +- 0.3) % per sqrt(E/GeV). The white-wrapped crystals---having nearly twice the total light collection---display a generally wider and impact-position-dependent pulse shape owing to the dynamics of the light propagation, in comparison to the black-wrapped crystals, which have a narrower pulse shape that is insensitive to impact position., Comment: 14 pages, 19 figures, accepted to Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A. In v2, edited Figures 14,15, and 17 for clarity, improved explanation of energy resolution systematics, added reference to SiPM
Published: 2014
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40. Coordinated Expression of the Genes Encoding FocA and Pyruvate Formate-Lyase Is Important for Maintenance of Formate Homeostasis during Fermentative Growth of Escherichia coli

Author: Michelle Kammel and Robert Gary Sawers
Subjects: fermentation, formate hydrogenlyase, FocA channel, formic acid, pyruvate formate-lyase, Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol, TP500-660
Abstract: FocA is a pentameric membrane channel that translocates formic acid bidirectionally across the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli during fermentation. The focA gene is co-transcribed with pflB, which encodes pyruvate formate-lyase, the enzyme that generates formate. Recent evidence has suggested that FocA serves to regulate intracellular formate levels and thus helps to maintain pH balance in fermenting cells. In this study, we aimed to provide support for this hypothesis by either altering FocA levels, mutating the chromosomal focA gene, or introducing additional copies of focA, either alone or with pflB, on a plasmid and monitoring the effect on intracellular and extracellular formate levels. Our results revealed that the expression of the native focA-pflB operon ensures that intracellular formate levels remain relatively constant during exponential phase growth, even when additional, mutated copies of focA that encode FocA variants are introduced in trans. Enhancing focA expression was balanced by higher formate excretion from the cell. Using chromosomal focA gene variants confirmed that FocA, and not PflB, sets intracellular formate homeostatic levels. Moreover, any chromosomal focA mutation that altered the formate concentration inside the cell caused a negative fermentative growth phenotype. Thus, FocA governs intracellular formate levels to ensure optimal growth during glucose fermentation.
Published: 2023
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41. Vascular Anatomy in Congenital Lung Lesions—Description and Classification

Author: Simon Kargl, Florian Schlader, Mario Scala, and Julian Kammel
Subjects: congenital pulmonary lesion, vascular anatomy, bronchopulmonary sequestration, hybrid lesion, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: BackgroundBronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and hybrid lesion of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) are congenital lung lesions typically presenting with systemic vascular connection. We describe and categorize this atypical systemic vascular anatomy in congenital lung lesions.MethodsIn a medical chart review from 2005 to 2020 patients with systemic vascular connection of congenital lung lesions were identified. Clinical and radiological data were collected and compared. Two experienced pediatric radiologists reviewed postnatal thoracic contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans to describe and categorize atypical vascular anatomy. We completed our findings with a review on vascular anatomy in congenital lung lesions.ResultsA total of 21 patients with congenital lung lesions (nine extralobar BPS, five intralobar BPS, seven hybrid lesions) had systemic arterial supply; with seven of these additionally having systemic venous drainage. Origin of the feeding arteries from the aorta or aortic main branches was described as supra-diaphragmatic (descending thoracic aorta) in nine and infra-diaphragmatic in ten patients (abdominal aorta, celiac trunk). In two patients with hybrid lesions both supra- and infra-diaphragmatic arterial feeders were found. Additional systemic venous connection of supra-diaphragmatic type drains into the azygos-hemiazygos system (4/21) while the infra-diaphragmatic type (3/21) drains into caval vein, portal or splenic vein.ConclusionVarious variants of systemic arterial and venous connection of congenital lung lesions can be found. Classification of systemic arterial connection as well as venous drainage of congenital lung lesions as supra-diaphragmatic and infra-diaphragmatic types is intuitive, simple and may be important for the surgeon to avoid unanticipated situations and to perform safe resections.
Published: 2022
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42. Harmonization of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Reference Materials Using the WHO IS (NIBSC 20/136): Results and Implications

Author: William Jonathan Windsor, Yannik Roell, Heidi Tucker, Chi-An Cheng, Sara Suliman, Laura J. Peek, Gary A. Pestano, William T. Lee, Heinz Zeichhardt, Molly M. Lamb, Martin Kammel, Hui Wang, Ross Kedl, Cody Rester, Thomas E. Morrison, Bennet J. Davenport, Kyle Carson, Jennifer Yates, Kelly Howard, Karen Kulas, David R. Walt, Aner Dafni, Daniel Taylor, and May Chu
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, serology, International Standards, concordance, immunology, harmonization, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: BackgroundThere is an urgent need for harmonization between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serology platforms and assays prior to defining appropriate correlates of protection and as well inform the development of new rapid diagnostic tests that can be used for serosurveillance as new variants of concern (VOC) emerge. We compared multiple SARS-CoV-2 serology reference materials to the WHO International Standard (WHO IS) to determine their utility as secondary standards, using an international network of laboratories with high-throughput quantitative serology assays. This enabled the comparison of quantitative results between multiple serology platforms.MethodsBetween April and December 2020, 13 well-characterized and validated SARS-CoV-2 serology reference materials were recruited from six different providers to qualify as secondary standards to the WHO IS. All the samples were tested in parallel with the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) 20/136 and parallel-line assays were used to calculate the relevant potency and binding antibody units.ResultsAll the samples saw varying levels of concordance between diagnostic methods at specific antigen–antibody combinations. Seven of the 12 candidate materials had high concordance for the spike-immunoglobulin G (IgG) analyte [percent coefficient of variation (%CV) between 5 and 44%].ConclusionDespite some concordance between laboratories, qualification of secondary materials to the WHO IS using arbitrary international units or binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/ml) does not provide any benefit to the reference materials overall, due to the lack of consistent agreeable international unit (IU) or BAU/ml conversions between laboratories. Secondary standards should be qualified to well-characterized reference materials, such as the WHO IS, using serology assays that are similar to the ones used for the original characterization of the WHO IS.
Published: 2022
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43. Near-census ecohydraulics bioverification of Oncorhynchus mykiss spawning microhabitat preferences

Author: Kammel, Leah E, Pasternack, Gregory B, Massa, Duane A, and Bratovich, Paul M
Published: 2016

44. A high-pressure hydrogen time projection chamber for the MuCap experiment

Author: Egger, J., Fahrni, D., Hildebrandt, M., Hofer, A., Meier, L., Petitjean, C., Andreev, V. A., Banks, T. I., Clayton, S. M., Ganzha, V. A., Gray, F. E., Kammel, P., Kiburg, B., Kravtsov, P. A., Krivshich, A. G., Lauss, B., Maev, E. M., Maev, O. E., Petrov, G., Semenchuk, G. G., Vasilyev, A. A., Vorobyov, A. A., Vznuzdaev, M. E., and Winter, P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The MuCap experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute performed a high-precision measurement of the rate of the basic electroweak process of nuclear muon capture by the proton, $\mu^- + p \rightarrow n + \nu_\mu$. The experimental approach was based on the use of a time projection chamber (TPC) that operated in pure hydrogen gas at a pressure of 10 bar and functioned as an active muon stopping target. The TPC detected the tracks of individual muon arrivals in three dimensions, while the trajectories of outgoing decay (Michel) electrons were measured by two surrounding wire chambers and a plastic scintillation hodoscope. The muon and electron detectors together enabled a precise measurement of the $\mu p$ atom's lifetime, from which the nuclear muon capture rate was deduced. The TPC was also used to monitor the purity of the hydrogen gas by detecting the nuclear recoils that follow muon capture by elemental impurities. This paper describes the TPC design and performance in detail., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, to be submitted to Eur. Phys. J. A; clarified section 3.1.2 and made minor stylistic corrections for Eur. Phys. J. A requirements
Published: 2014
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45. Design and operation of a cryogenic charge-integrating preamplifier for the MuSun experiment

Author: Ryan, R. A., Wauters, F., Gray, F. E., Kammel, P., Nadtochy, A., Peterson, D., van Wechel, T., Gross, E., Gubanich, M., Kochenda, L., Kravtsov, P., Murray, M. H., Orozco, D., Osofsky, R., Petrov, G. E., Phillips, J. D., Stroud, J., Trofimov, V., Vasilyev, A., and Vznuzdaev, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The central detector in the MuSun experiment is a pad-plane time projection ionization chamber that operates without gas amplification in deuterium at 31 K; it is used to measure the rate of the muon capture process $\mu^- + d \rightarrow n + n + \nu_\mu$. A new charge-sensitive preamplifier, operated at 140 K, has been developed for this detector. It achieved a resolution of 4.5 keV(D$_2$) or 120 $e^-$ RMS with zero detector capacitance at 1.1 $\mu$s integration time in laboratory tests. In the experimental environment, the electronic resolution is 10 keV(D$_2$) or 250 $e^-$ RMS at a 0.5 $\mu$s integration time. The excellent energy resolution of this amplifier has enabled discrimination between signals from muon-catalyzed fusion and muon capture on chemical impurities, which will precisely determine systematic corrections due to these processes. It is also expected to improve the muon tracking and determination of the stopping location., Comment: 18 pages + title page, 13 figures, to be submitted to JINST; minor corrections, added one reference, updated author list
Published: 2014
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46. Atomic-resolution mapping of transcription factor-DNA interactions by femtosecond laser crosslinking and mass spectrometry

Author: Alexander Reim, Roland Ackermann, Jofre Font-Mateu, Robert Kammel, Miguel Beato, Stefan Nolte, Matthias Mann, Christoph Russmann, and Michael Wierer
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Cross-linking mass spectrometry (MS) is an important tool in structural biology, but its application to protein-DNA complexes has been hampered by low cross-linking efficiency. Here, the authors develop a femtosecond UV-laser induced cross-linking MS workflow to map protein-DNA interactions in vitro and in cells.
Published: 2020
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47. RNA reference materials with defined viral RNA loads of SARS-CoV-2-A useful tool towards a better PCR assay harmonization.

Author: Laura Vierbaum, Nathalie Wojtalewicz, Hans-Peter Grunert, Vanessa Lindig, Ulf Duehring, Christian Drosten, Victor Corman, Daniela Niemeyer, Sandra Ciesek, Holger F Rabenau, Annemarie Berger, Martin Obermeier, Andreas Nitsche, Janine Michel, Martin Mielke, Jim Huggett, Denise O'Sullivan, Eloise Busby, Simon Cowen, Peter M Vallone, Megan H Cleveland, Samreen Falak, Andreas Kummrow, Thomas Keller, Ingo Schellenberg, Heinz Zeichhardt, and Martin Kammel
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, requires reliable diagnostic methods to track the circulation of this virus. Following the development of RT-qPCR methods to meet this diagnostic need in January 2020, it became clear from interlaboratory studies that the reported Ct values obtained for the different laboratories showed high variability. Despite this the Ct values were explored as a quantitative cut off to aid clinical decisions based on viral load. Consequently, there was a need to introduce standards to support estimation of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in diagnostic specimens. In a collaborative study, INSTAND established two reference materials (RMs) containing heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads of ~107 copies/mL (RM 1) and ~106 copies/mL (RM 2), respectively. Quantification was performed by RT-qPCR using synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA standards and digital PCR. Between November 2020 and February 2021, German laboratories were invited to use the two RMs to anchor their Ct values measured in routine diagnostic specimens, with the Ct values of the two RMs. A total of 305 laboratories in Germany were supplied with RM 1 and RM 2. The laboratories were requested to report their measured Ct values together with details on the PCR method they used to INSTAND. This resultant 1,109 data sets were differentiated by test system and targeted gene region. Our findings demonstrate that an indispensable prerequisite for linking Ct values to SARS-CoV-2 viral loads is that they are treated as being unique to an individual laboratory. For this reason, clinical guidance based on viral loads should not cite Ct values. The RMs described were a suitable tool to determine the specific laboratory Ct for a given viral load. Furthermore, as Ct values can also vary between runs when using the same instrument, such RMs could be used as run controls to ensure reproducibility of the quantitative measurements.
Published: 2022
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48. Mu2e Conceptual Design Report

Author: Project, The Mu2e, Collaboration, Abrams, R. J., Alezander, D., Ambrosio, G., Andreev, N., Ankenbrandt, C. M., Asner, D. M., Arnold, D., Artikov, A., Barnes, E., Bartoszek, L., Bernstein, R. H., Biery, K., Biliyar, V., Bonicalzi, R., Bossert, R., Bowden, M., Brandt, J., Brown, D. N., Budagov, J., Buehler, M., Burov, A., Carcagno, R., Carey, R. M., Carosi, R., Cascella, M., Cauz, D., Cervelli, F., Chandra, A., Chang, J. K., Cheng, C., Ciambrone, P., Coleman, R. N., Cooper, M., Corcoran, M. C., Cordelli, M., Davydov, Y., de Gouvea, A. L., De Lorenzis, L., Debevec, P. T., DeJongh, F., Densham, C., Deuerling, G., Dey, J., Di Falco, S., Dixon, S., Djilkibaev, R., Drendel, B., Dukes, E. C., Dychkant, A., Echenard, B., Ehrlich, R., Evans, N., Evbota, D., Fang, I., Fast, J. E., Feher, S., Fischler, M., Frank, M., Frlez, E., Fung, S. S., Gallo, G., Galucci, G., Gaponenko, A., Genser, K., Giovannella, S., Glagolev, V., Glenzinski, D., Gnani, D., Goadhouse, S., Gollin, G. D., Grace, C., Grancagnolo, F., Group, C., Hanson, J., Hanson, S., Happacher, F., Heckmaier, E., Hedin, D., Hertzog, D. W., Hirosky, R., Hitlin, D. G., Ho, E., Huang, X., Huedem, E., Hung, P. Q., Hungerford, E. V., Ito, T., Jaskierny, W., Jedziniak, R., Johnson, R. P., Johnstone, C., Johnstone, J. A., Kahn, S. A., Kammel, P., Kang, T. I., Kashikhin, V. S., Kashikhin, V. V., Kasper, P., Kawall, D. M., Khalatian, V., Kim, M., Klebaner, A., Kocen, D., Kolomensky, Y., Kourbanis, I., Kowalkowski, J., Kozminski, J., Krempetz, K., Kumar, K. S., Kutschke, R. K., Kwarciany, R., Lackowski, T., Lamm, M., Larwill, M., Lau, K., Lee, M. J., L'Erario, A., Leveling, T., Lim, G., Lindenmeyer, C., Logashenko, V., Lontadze, T., Lopes, M., Luca, A., Lynch, K. R., Ma, T., Maffezzoli, A., Marciano, W. J., Martini, M., Masayoshi, W., Matushko, V., McAteer, M., McCrady, R., Moccoli, A., Michelotti, L., Miller, J. P., Miscetti, S., Molzon, W., Morgan, J., Mukherjee, A., Nagaitsev, S., Nagaslaev, V., Niehoff, J., Neuffer, D. V., Nicol, T., Norman, A. J., Norris, B., Odell, J., Oh, S., Oksuzian, Y., Onorato, G., Orduna, J., Orris, D., Ostojic, R., Page, T., Paschke, K. D., Pauletta, G., Peterson, T., Piacentino, G. M., Pileggi, G., Pla-Dalmau, A., Pocanic, D., Polly, C. C., Polychronakos, V., Ponzio, B., Popovic, M., Popp, J. L., Porter, F., Presbys, E., Prieto, P., Pronskikh, V., Puccinelli, F., Rabehl, R., Ramsey, J., Ray, R. E., Rechenmacher, R., Rella, S., Ristori, L., Rivera, R., Roberts, B. L., Roberts, T. J., Rubinov, P., Rusu, V. L., Saputi, A., Sarra, I., Smertzidis, Y., Shanahan, P., Simonenko, A., Steward, J., Suslov, I., Sylvester, C., Tang, Z., Tartaglia, M., Tassielli, G., Tereshchenko, V., Theilacker, J., Tompkins, J., Tschirhart, R., Van Zandbergen, G., Vannini, C., Venanzoni, G., von der Lippe, H., Wagner, R., Walder, J. P., Walton, R., Wands, S., Wang, S., Warren, G., Werkema, S., White Jr, H. B., Wielgos, R., Wood, L. S., Woodward, M., Wu, J., Xiao, M., Yamada, R., Yamin, P., Yarritu, K., Yonehara, K., Yoshikawa, C., You, Z., Yu, G., Yurkewicz, A., Zavarise, G., and Zhu, R. Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Mu2e at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the conceptual design of the proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-1 approval, which was granted July 11, 2012., Comment: 562 pages, 339 figures
Published: 2012

49. Detailed Report of the MuLan Measurement of the Positive Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant

Author: Tishchenko, V., Battu, S., Carey, R. M., Chitwood, D. B., Crnkovic, J., Debevec, P. T., Dhamija, S., Earle, W., Gafarov, A., Giovanetti, K., Gorringe, T. P., Gray, F. E., Hartwig, Z., Hertzog, D. W., Johnson, B., Kammel, P., Kiburg, B., Kizilgul, S., Kunkle, J., Lauss, B., Logashenko, I., Lynch, K. R., McNabb, R., Miller, J. P., Mulhauser, F., Onderwater, C. J. G., Peng, Q., Phillips, J., Rath, S., Roberts, B. L., Webber, D. M., Winter, P., and Wolfe, B.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a detailed report of the method, setup, analysis and results of a precision measurement of the positive muon lifetime. The experiment was conducted at the Paul Scherrer Institute using a time-structured, nearly 100%-polarized, surface muon beam and a segmented, fast-timing, plastic scintillator array. The measurement employed two target arrangements; a magnetized ferromagnetic target with a ~4 kG internal magnetic field and a crystal quartz target in a 130 G external magnetic field. Approximately 1.6 x 10^{12} positrons were accumulated and together the data yield a muon lifetime of tau_{mu}(MuLan) = 2196980.3(2.2) ps (1.0 ppm), thirty times more precise than previous generations of lifetime experiments. The lifetime measurement yields the most accurate value of the Fermi constant G_F (MuLan) = 1.1663787(6) x 10^{-5} GeV^{-2} (0.5 ppm). It also enables new precision studies of weak interactions via lifetime measurements of muonic atoms., Comment: Submitted for publication in Phys. Rev. D (32 pages, 28 figures, 5 tables)
Published: 2012
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50. Measurement of Muon Capture on the Proton to 1% Precision and Determination of the Pseudoscalar Coupling g_P

Author: Andreev, V. A., Banks, T. I., Carey, R. M., Case, T. A., Clayton, S. M., Crowe, K. M., Deutsch, J., Egger, J., Freedman, S. J., Ganzha, V. A., Gorringe, T., Gray, F. E., Hertzog, D. W., Hildebrandt, M., Kammel, P., Kiburg, B., Knaack, S., Kravtsov, P. A., Krivshich, A. G., Lauss, B., Lynch, K. R., Maev, E. M., Maev, O. E., Mulhauser, F., Petitjean, C., Petrov, G. E., Prieels, R., Schapkin, G. N., Semenchuk, G. G., Soroka, M. A., Tishchenko, V., Vasilyev, A. A., Vorobyov, A. A., Vznuzdaev, M. E., and Winter, P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The MuCap experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute has measured the rate L_S of muon capture from the singlet state of the muonic hydrogen atom to a precision of 1%. A muon beam was stopped in a time projection chamber filled with 10-bar, ultra-pure hydrogen gas. Cylindrical wire chambers and a segmented scintillator barrel detected electrons from muon decay. L_S is determined from the difference between the mu- disappearance rate in hydrogen and the free muon decay rate. The result is based on the analysis of 1.2 10^10 mu- decays, from which we extract the capture rate L_S = (714.9 +- 5.4(stat) +- 5.1(syst)) s^-1 and derive the proton's pseudoscalar coupling g_P(q^2_0 = -0.88 m^2_mu) = 8.06 +- 0.55., Comment: Updated figure 1 and small changes in wording to match published version
Published: 2012
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