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Position sensorless control of reluctance and permanent magnet synchronous machines at zero and low speed is possible using HF voltage injection and proper demodulation. The so-called saliency position, which is tracked by the HF sensorless scheme, is different from the actual rotor position: the difference contains both offset and rotor-position-varying components, which may be explained by carefully considering the HF behavior of the machine and the effect that fundamental excitation and rotor position have upon it. This paper gives insight into the HF behavior of synchronous machines and serves as a practical guide for implementation of stable and robust position estimation at zero and low speed. Index Terms--AC machines, electrical engineering, estimation.

In this paper, an interior permanent-magnet traction drive machine with single layer non-overlapping concentrated stator winding is analyzed. In the single layer winding design, the number of stator slots and a winding factor are specifically considered. Moreover, the effect of varying the coil pitch on the winding factor and torque pulsations is investigated. A new calculation method is proposed, whereby the constant torque and field-weakening speed characteristics of the machine drive can be predicted using torque and flux linkage functions. The measured and predicted field-weakening performance of a 150-kW direct traction drive machine is presented. Index Terms--Basic winding, design for manufacturability (DFM), non-overlapping concentrated winding, number of coils per pole and phase, 2-D functions.

In this paper, the performance of air-cored (ironless) stator axial flux permanent magnet machines with different types of concentrated-coil nonoverlapping windings is evaluated. The evaluation is based on theoretical analysis and is confirmed by finite-element analysis and measurements. It is shown that concentrated-coil winding machines can have a similar performance as that of normal overlapping winding machines using less copper. Index Terms--Air cored, axial flux, concentrated winding, permanent magnet (PM).

In this paper, a novel control method for a six-phase induction machine with nearly square air-gap flux density is proposed and evaluated. In this method, the stator phase windings alternately act as either flux- or torque-producing phases. In this way, the flux and the torque of the induction machine are directly controlled with no vector transformation used. Theoretical and finite-element analyses are used to calculate, among other things, the torque and the decouple control constant of the drive. The steady-state measured results of a small six-phase induction machine drive with the proposed control scheme implemented show good agreement with calculated results. The proposed control drive system is also shown to have a fast torque response. Index Terms--Direct control, finite-element (FE) analysis, flux, six-phase induction machine, torque.

In this paper, a thermofluid model combining a lumped parameter heat transfer model and an air-flow model of a typical axial-field permanent-magnet (AFPM) machine is developed. The accuracy and consistency of the derived model are assessed by comparing the calculated flow rate and temperature values of a prototype machine with the measured ones. The developed thermofluid model is shown to perform thermal calculations with reasonable accuracy. Index Terms--Air cooling, axial field, heat transfer, permanent-magnet machine, thermal modeling.

This paper describes a hybrid method for calculating the performance of a coreless stator axial flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) generator. The method uses a combination of finite-element analysis and theoretical analysis. The method is then incorporated into a multidimensional optimization procedure to optimally design a large power coreless stator AFPM generator. The measured performance of the manufactured prototype compares favorably with the predicted results. The design approach can be applied successfully to optimize the design of the coreless stator AFPM machine. Index Terms--Axial flux, design, finite-element methods, optimization methods, permanent-magnet generator.