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We describe a novel, simple, robust, and efficient cyclization/deoxygenation approach for the synthesis of functionalized isoquinoline derivatives. Over the course of continued studies on o-alkynylbenzaldoxime cyclization reactions, the formation of cyclic nitrones through 6-endo-dig cyclization was achieved using silver triflate or bromine as an electrophile, and subsequently, the deoxygenation process was carried out in the presence of CS2 in good to high yields.

Background and Aim: Denture stomatitis is the most prevalent oral mucosal lesion among denture wearers. Because there have been multiple reports of resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs in the last two decades, if the antifungal properties of Achillea millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi are validated, these compounds may be a suitable adjuvant drug along with the use of common antifungal drugs. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the antifungal activity of alcoholic extracts of Achillea millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi against Candida albicans isolated from denture stomatitis. Materials and Methods: Antifungal sensitivity of 50 isolates of C. albicans with the origin of denture stomatitis to the alcoholic extracts of Achillea millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi plants as well as the antifungal drugs miconazole and nystatin was determined by broth microdilution method and according to CLSI-M27S4 guidelines. The range of dilution for all compounds was 0.016-16 μg/ml. A concentration of compounds that showed at least 50% growth inhibition as compared to the positive control group was considered MIC (minimum growth inhibitory concentration). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software and the significance level was considered as P

Introduction: Today, the use of all-ceramic restorations has increased due to their physical properties as well as translucency and esthetic appearance.The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) between two methods of e-max ceramic cementing. Materials & Methods: The study groups were 1 flowable composite as cement (FC group) and 2) choice2 cement (C2 group). The samples were fixed to a KOOPA universal testing machine for SBS testing. Tthe data were analyzed using SPSS 20 through T-test at significant level of P˂0.05. Results: The average SBS in the FC group was 10.41±2.17 and The average SBS in the C2 group was 13.28 ±1.52. There was a statistically significant difference between the SBS of both groups (p

Introduction: Soft liners are materials used in removable dental prostheses to maintain the health of inflamed mucous membranes. The materials bond strength to acrylic bases can be modified by several methods; One of which includes sandblasting. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sandblasting on the tensile bond strength(TBS) of two permanent silicone soft liners. Material & Methods: 36 dumbbell-shaped heat-cured polymethylmethacrylate acrylic specimens were fabricated in denture flasks with a length of 75 mm, width of 12 mm and a thickness of 7 mm in the thinnest section. 3 mm of the material of all specimens was cut using a low-speed diamond saw with water cooling. Then according to the surface treatment and sofliners, the specimens were divided into four groups: no surface treatment with mollosil softliner, no surface treatment with GC softliner, sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3 particles and then using mollosil soft liner and sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3 particles and then using GC soft liner. After polymerization of all specimens, TBS was evaluated with universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min until failure. Finally, two-way ANOVA and independent T-test were used to analyzing the data. Results: The mean of TBS in the groups of sandblasting was significantly higher than other group and the mean of TBS in the group of mollosil was higher than GC group with or without sandblasting. (p=0.001) Conclusion: Sandblasting increases the TBS of silicone soft liners to the acrylic bases; moreover, Mollosil softliners are more tenacious compared to GC.

Background and Objective: Today, third wave therapy in psychotherapy, instead of a challenge with cognition, emphasizes the awareness and acceptance of emotions, cognition, and behaviors. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the degree of difficulties emotion regulation and distress tolerance of substance abusers. Materials and Methods: This research, which was conducted in 2017-18, was quasi-experimental and a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with control group was used. The statistical population of this study is all abusers of materials referring to addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah. The sample consisted of 40 people, who were selected by convenience sampling method. They were divided into experimental (n=20) and control group (n=20 ACT was performed on the experimental group for 10 sessions. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales and distress tolerance were completed in 3 stages including before intervention, after intervention, and follow-up 3 months later by all participants. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 20. Results: There was a significant difference in the difficulty in emotional regulation and distress tolerance after intervention between the experimental and control groups (p

This article was retracted due to scientific plagiarism Background and Objective: Considering that obesity is the physical and mental disease, it also reduces the ability of individuals and makes them vulnerable to illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on body mass index, the perception of physical image and self-concept of overweight individuals. Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design including a control group. Sixty men were selected from eligible male and female volunteers referred to Elam nutrition therapy centers and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The data collection tools were body mass index, Littleton body image concerns test, and Beck self-concept test, respectively. The experimental group used Cooper's treatment protocol during 24 sessions and 44 weeks in two phases of weight loss (30 weeks) and weight maintenance phase of treatment was 14 weeks. After the end of the sessions, the post-test was carried out. Results: Data analysis was conducted by covariance analysis that showed a significant difference between the body mass index and self-concept of overweight people in the experimental group compared to the control group during the post-test. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing body mass index (p

Background and Objectives: Addiction and its complications is one of the major problems in the world and various types of psychotherapy approaches are used for its treatment. Among these approaches, cognitive-behavioral therapies have been widely used for the treatment of addiction in recent decades. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapies on the treatment of addicts in Iran by systematic review and meta-analysis method. Methods: Meta-analysis method was used, without limitation, to investigate all internal databases as well as Medlib, Sid, Magiran, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopuse, Iranmedex, and ISI. Finally, 12 out of 63 articles were entered into the meta-analysis. Meta-regression was used to investigate the heterogeneity of the studies. Results: In this study, 12 articles were investigated, which increased to 25 studies, including therapeutic approaches. In 6 studies, no significant difference was observed in the experimental group before and after intervention, and in the remaining 19 studies the difference was significant. Combination of the results of 25 studies and using a random effects model of meta-analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in the treatment of addiction (p

Objectives To determine and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors restored with different posts and cores. Materials and Methods Forty-eight upper central incisors were randomly divided into four groups: cast post and core (group 1), fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) post and composite core (group 2), composite post and core (group 3), and controls (group 4). Mesio-distal and bucco-lingual dimensions at 7 and 14 mm from the apex were compared to ensure standardization among the groups. Twelve teeth were prepared for crown restoration (group 4). Teeth in other groups were endodontically treated, decoronated at 14 mm from the apex, and prepared for posts and cores. Resin-based materials were used for cementation in groups 1 and 2. In group 3, composite was used directly to fill the post space and for core build-up. All samples were restored by standard metal crowns using glass ionomer cement, mounted at 135° vertical angle, subjected to thermomechanical aging, and then fractured using a universal testing machine. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results Fracture resistance of the groups was as follows: Control (group 4) > cast post and core (group 1) > fiber post and composite core (group 2) > composite post and core (group 3). All samples in groups 2 and 3 fractured in restorable patterns, whereas most (58%) in group 1 were non-restorable. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, FRC posts showed acceptable fracture resistance with favorable fracture patterns for reconstruction of upper central incisors.

Background: Patients′ satisfaction and complication rates of removable partial dentures (RPDs) can affect patient acceptance and compliance in using RPDs. This study aims to determine complication and satisfaction rates in patients wearing RPDs. Materials and Methods: Patients that were treated with RPDs at the Prosthodontic Department in the last 4 years (2010-2014) were invited for a clinical examination. Demographic information and RPD characteristics (Kennedy classification; edentulous jaw: Upper versus lower; clinician: General dental students or prosthodontic residents; denture type: Cobalt-chromium or full acrylic) were recorded. The patients′ satisfaction was measured on the basis of four criteria: Mastication, esthetic appearance, speech, and comfort components by a visual analog scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (P < 0.05). Results: A total of 60 patients (30 men and 30 women, age range, 37-64 years) were evaluated. The most common complications were food impaction (68.3%), ridge resorption (63.3%), loss of support (36.7%), abutment caries (36.7%), loss of retention (35%), and pain and discomfort (30%). The patients reported a moderate level of satisfaction (6.2 out of 10). Higher satisfaction scores were significantly associated with older age, upper RPDs, and RPDs fabricated by prosthodontic residents (P < 0.05). Gender, Kennedy classification, and denture type had no significant effect on patient satisfaction (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that RPD complications were not uncommon. The clinicians′ experience can influence postinsertion patient satisfaction and complication rates.