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Background: The increase in the intensity of livestock industries, by improving the technology of animal products manufacturing, largely depends on the correct organisation of herd reproduction and the intensity of using the biological capabilities of the animal organism. Various diseases, including such common diseases as mastitis, complicate the successful reproduction and growth of enterprise productivity. The widespread use of antibiotic-containing drugs for the treatment of mastitis creates a number of inevitable consequences for the body. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the residual content of antibiotics in the collected milk after the course of treatment poses a serious danger to human health and reduces the quality of dairy products obtained from such milk. Aim: In this regard, the authors set the task of developing a new, antibiotic-free method of treating bovine mastitis. This paper is devoted to the problem of improving methods of treating the subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle by alternative methods during the interlactation period. Methods: The leading method for the study of this problem is an experimental method that allows to develop and test a veterinary homeopathic substance for the treatment of subclinical mastitis in cows during the interlactation period. Results: The paper presents materials on the typification of microflora in the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis and the effectiveness of a veterinary homeopathic substance developed by the authors. The use of the veterinary homeopathic substance provided a high therapeutic effect, did not cause side effects and complications in cows. Conclusion: The resulting veterinary substance was tested and introduced into the "Izhevskiy" natural complex of Akmola region as a new alternative method of treating subclinical mastitis in cows. Based on this substance, a drug for the treatment of mastitis will be developed and proposed for production. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(2.000): 193-201]

Mustafa Cakirca,1 Cumali Karatoprak,1 Mehmet Zorlu,1 Muharrem Kiskac,1 Mustafa Kanat,2 Mehmet Ali Cikrikcioglu,1 Pinar Soysal,3 Mehmet Hursitoglu,4 Ahmet Adil Camli,1 Reha Erkoc,1 Muhammad Abdul-Ghani5 1Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 2Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, 3Department of Geriatric Medicine, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, 4Department of Internal Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 5Division of Medicine – Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA Aims: A close association has been demonstrated between increased cardiovascular risk and high asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. We planned to measure serum ADMA levels in type 2 DM patients using vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Materials and methods: A total of 68 type 2 DM patients who were on metformin were enrolled in the study. Based on the glycemic levels of patients, vildagliptin was added on to treatment in 33 patients. Patients were followed for 6 months. Serum ADMA, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels were compared in groups of patients using metformin or metformin + vildagliptin, after 6 months. Results: Serum ADMA levels were found to be significantly lower in the group using vildagliptin compared to the group using metformin + vildagliptin (P

The dynamics of the consequences of the Proton-M carrier rocket crash on the soil and vegetation cover in the area where its parts fell were studied in 2007–2014. Analytical methods such as liquid chromatography with electrochemical and spectrophotometric detection were used. In 2007, four soil detoxifications were performed. A second study in 2009 showed a sharp increase in the area of contamination of plants by UDMH (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine) and NDMA (N-Nitrosodimethylamine). In 2010, the situation shifted in the opposite direction. Toxicants in plants were absent for three years (2010–2012) but reappeared in 2013 and 2014. The accidental crash of the Proton-M carrier rocket led to the destruction of the soil and vegetation cover, ignition of vegetation, and soil contamination. In the area where the rocket parts fell, the UDMH content in the soil was 1.4–5,200 times higher than the threshold limit value. The fall of the carrier rocket increased the area of soil contamination with UDMH to 3,600 m2, with NDMA to 917 m2, and with nitrate ions to 8,314 m2 . The reappearance of heptyl and nitrous compounds in plants and soil was detected four years after repeated detoxification of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic mulch provides a range of benefits including helping modulate soil temperature, reduce soil erosion, evaporation, fertilizer leaching and weed problems and increasing the quality and yields of the product. But when the crops are harvested, plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. Otherwise, these wastes are mixed with the soil and have a negative impact on yields by reducing the access of nutrients and moisture in the soil. The purpose of the current study is, therefore, to propose a roller for plastic mulch retriever which is applicable when the crops are harvested, and the plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. The winding mechanism of the plastic mulch retriever performs the main function and must have the high-quality performance of the winding operation in the removal technology. Research based on requirements of tensile strength test method and changes of strength characteristics of plastic mulch from various factors under natural conditions. The coefficient of compaction of the used plastic mulch (Krel), was the ratio of the diameter of the standard plastic mulch which was wound in the factory to the diameter of the used plastic mulch during the winding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to examine one of the neglected areas in the spatiality of religion, the spatial distribution of religious institutions and the changes that have taken place in this relation over time in the case of Debrecen, a specific city in Hungary, which has hosted several religions both in the past and present. The main findings are discussed in five subsections concentrating on five consecutive periods. During the period under study, the number of institutions run by churches increased steadily until the Second World War. This process was interrupted after the Second World War, and partly as a consequence of the world war (with the deportation of Jews to concentration camps) and partly due to the anti-religious nature of the socialist regime, there was a significant decline followed by a resumption of expansion after 1990. Regarding the location of the institutions within the city and its changes, there were significant differences between the various types of institutions (e.g., churches, administrative centres, kindergartens, elementary and grammar schools). Research primarily relied on document analysis and fieldwork.

Exploring the main cooperation schemes between the member-states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) within a broader context of the geopolitical processes in the Post-Soviet space, the article intends to discuss the feasibility of integration among Former Soviet countries. The article intends to present the formally announced integration initiatives in the Post-Soviet space (such as the CIS, EurAsEC and EAEU) as part of a de-facto ongoing process of disintegration that started right after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Within this scheme, Russia consistently acts as a generator of a centripetal integration force by proposing different institutional frameworks for integration. However, it is not sufficiently powerful to overcome the centrifugal inertia acquired by the rest of the Post-Soviet states. The article concludes that, in spite of its formal integration purposes, the EAEU is indeed another stage of the ongoing disintegration process in the Post-Soviet space.

The rapid and significant expansion of urban areas is observed worldwide; however, considerable differences are detected within the characteristics of the process. The rural–urban fringe is changing most dynamically from the aspect of land use and this tends to be relevant in the case of post-socialist cities in Central Europe even with a stagnating or decreasing population. Debrecen (Hungary) and its hinterland adequately represent the migration trends of Hungarian cities and the great administrative area provided wide intra-urban suburbanization processes. The current study put the emphasis on the analysis of the spatial pattern of built-up areas and the distribution of residents. In order to discover the processes of the post-socialist transition period, detailed point layers were created to illustrate every built-up parcel in the rural–urban fringe of Debrecen (for the years 1980, 2000, and 2020). The most important characteristics were discovered with the help of GIS methods—Kernel-density, grid pattern analysis of the object density, and analysis of land cover/land use changes using Corine Land Cover Change (CLCC) databases. The dynamic and extended expansion of built-up areas was seen until 2000, in which the outskirts (including hobby gardens) densified spectacularly. The urban sprawl has been less intensive since the millennium and the increase in built-up areas has become more concentrated. As a consequence of the transition period, extended territories—primarily the least dense parts of the rural–urban fringe—are faced with the disappearance of buildings due to agricultural cultivation reasons.

In the modern context, the problems of science and art sometimes cannot be timely addressed and evaluated due to their comprehensive and rapid development. Every now and then, one should form new thoughts and opinions in order to determine the main goal and direction of contemporary art, avoiding theoretical stereotyped studies. Taking into account that modern art researchers have a great opportunity to conduct analysis in a special and simple way, we will carry out an expedient psychoanalytic study on cinema characters.

The study describes the experimental complex of the station located in the Tien Shan mountains at an elevation of 3340 m above sea level. The complex consists of detectors of different types scattered across the station area, such as scintillation particles detectors, Cherenkov detectors, radio emission detectors for the measurement of the electron component of extensive air showers (EAS) created by the (1–1000) PeV cosmic ray particles, an ionization calorimeter and neutron detectors for the study of the nuclear-active component of EAS cores, and the underground particle detectors for the detection of cosmic ray muons. The data acquisition system allows the simultaneous recording of parameters from various stand-alone detectors registering an EAS, and storage of the acquired data in the database. As an illustration of research capability, the results of the EAS study are presented here which were obtained during the last few years at the different experimental set-ups constituting the Tien Shan complex.

To characterize the defects in β-cell function in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and compare the results to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects, β-cell glucose sensitivity and rate sensitivity during the oral glucose tolerance test were measured with the model by Mari in 172 Mexican Americans. A subgroup (n=70) received a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp (+125 mg/dL), and first- and second-phase insulin secretion were quantitated. Compared with NGT, subjects with IFG and IGT manifested a decrease in β-cell glucose sensitivity; IFG subjects, but not IGT subjects, had decreased β-cell rate sensitivity. In IFG subjects, the defect in β-cell glucose sensitivity was time dependent, began to improve after 60 min, and was comparable to NGT after 90 min. The incremental area under the plasma C-peptide concentration curve during the first 12 min of the hyperglycemic clamp (ΔC-pep[AUC]0-12) was inversely related with the increase in FPG concentration (r=-36, r=0.001), whereas ΔC-pep[AUC]15-120 positively correlated with FPG concentration (r=0.29, r<0.05). When adjusted for the prevailing level of insulin resistance, first-phase insulin secretion was markedly decreased in both IFG and IGT, whereas second-phase insulin secretion was decreased only in IGT. These results demonstrate distinct defects in β-cell function in IFG and IGT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study objective was to assess the relationship between β-cell function and HbA(1c).Research Design and Methods: A total of 522 Mexican American subjects participated in this study. Each subject received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after a 10- to 12-h overnight fast. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the Matsuda index. Insulin secretory rate was quantitated from deconvolution of the plasma C-peptide concentration. β-Cell function was assessed with the insulin secretion/insulin resistance (IS/IR) (disposition) index and was related to the level of HbA(1c).Results: At HbA(1c) levels <5.5%, both the Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity and IS/IR index were constant. However, as the HbA(1c) increased >5.5%, there was a precipitous decrease in both the Matsuda index and the IS/IR index. Subjects with HbA(1c) = 6.0-6.4% had a 44 and 74% decrease in the Matsuda index and the IS/IR index, respectively, compared with subjects with HbA(1c) <5.5% (P < 0.01 for both indices). Subjects with normal glucose tolerance and HbA(1c) <5.7% had β-cell function comparable to that of subjects with normal glucose tolerance with HbA(1c) = 5.7-6.4%. However, subjects with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance had a marked decrease in β-cell function independent of their HbA(1c) level.Conclusions: The results of the current study demonstrate that in Mexican Americans, as HbA(1c) increases >6.0%, both insulin sensitivity and β-cell function decrease markedly. Performing an OGTT is pivotal for accurate identification of subjects with impaired β-cell function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Statin therapy is well known to reduce inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). However, whether this relationship is maintained in the setting of targeting very low levels of LDL (<70 mg dl) in patients with type 2 diabetes has not been clearly established. Materials and Methods: We measured hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-a in 43 subject enrolled into the multicenter, open-label, crossover prospective study evaluating the effects of lipid-lowering treatment on steroid synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes (MODEST study). Subjects with diabetes and coronary artery disease were treated with 80 mg of atorvastatin for 12 weeks. The effect of treatment on pro-inflammatory markers was assessed after 12 weeks. Results: High-dose atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced the plasma levels of IL-6 and hsCRP (p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively), but not of TNF-a (p=0.051). Conclusion: Atorvastatin treatment targeting very low LDL-cholesterol level reduced the levels of several important inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00433823). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study it is aimed to investigate the oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity of leukocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Materials and Methods: All the data obtained from 28 patients with diabetes mellitus were compared with 31 demographically matched control individuals. Leukocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy control group were separated from blood samples for determination of oxygen-dependent antimicrobial activity enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH-R), gluthatione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase. As lipid peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Results: SOD, GSH-R, and catalase activities of patients with type 2 diabetes were not significantly different from control group (p>0.05). GSH-Px levels of patients with diabetes mellitus were significantly lower than control group (0.012±0.08 U/mg.pr versus 0.057±0.046 U/mg.pr, p<0.05). Measurements of TBARS were not different between patients with diabetes mellitus and control group (5.49±1.31 mmol/l versus 5.53±1.45 mmol/l, p=0.905). Conclusions: It is difficult to suggest that in patients with diabetes mellitus the tendency to some known infections is due to alteration in oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity of leukocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]