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Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is caused by activating mutations in GLUD1 gene, and causes fasting as well as protein sensitive symptomatic hypoglycemia, in addition to persistently elevated plasma ammonia levels. First-line treatment is diazoxide, and most patients respond well to this agent, however side effects may be observed. The most frequent side effect of diazoxide is fluid retention and hypertrichosis, while hyperuricemia and hematologic side effects are observed less often. Herein, we report a case who had a heterozygous mutation of GLUD1 gene and who developed diazoxide related neutropenia 8 years after the start of treatment. On follow-up, leucopenia and mild neutropenia persisted and the treatment was changed to somatostatin analogues. However, she developed persistent severe symptomatic hypoglycemia and required diazoxide retreatment. A lower dose of diazoxide (6 mg/kg/day) successfully controlled hypoglycemia and cell counts increased even though they were not normalized. Neutropenia in current case presented after a long period of time of diazoxide use and this period is the longest defined in the literature. Long-term endocrine and hematologic follow-up of this patient up to 18 years old will also be presented.

The genus Heliotropium L., belonging to family Boraginaceae in Turkey comprises 16 species. The species of this genus occur in a diverse range of environments. In this investigation, we describe and compare the leaf and stem anatomy in seven Turkish Heliotropium (H) taxa, the species are H. bovei Boiss., H. dolosum De Not., H. myoso-toides Banks & Sol., H. haussknechtii Vatke., H. samoliflorum Bunge subsp. erzurumicum Donmez., H. suaveolens M. Bieb., and H. thermophilum Kit Tan, A.celik & Gemici., using standard protocol for light microscopy. Three of these seven investigated species i.e., H. thermophilum, H. haussknechtii, and H. samoliflorum subsp. erzurumicum are endemic to Turkey. This is first investigation of most of these species and little is known about the vegetative anatomy in these taxa. Leaf and stem characters described here related to epidermis, cuticle, indumentum, crystals, stomata, mesophyll, papillae and vascular system. Findings have shown that epidermal cells number, stomatal size, number of layers of hypodermis, collenchyma, cortex cells, palisade and spongy layers, number of subsidiary cells, shape and structure of crystals, and trichomes are of taxonomic value for this genus, and are valuable for species identification. Nearly all species have single layer epidermis. Three types of calcium oxalate crystals: styloids, druses, crystals sands were observed in stems and leaves of these species. Leaves are amphistomatic and anomocytic stomata type were observed in all species. Although the investigated specimens represent a limited range of taxa, the results of this study highlight the importance of stem and leaf anatomical features in assessing the taxonomic similarities between Heliotropium species. C1 [Kandemir, Nezahat] Amasya Univ, Educ Fac, Dept Biol, TR-05100 Amasya, Turkey. [Celik, Ali] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Biol, Art & Sci Fac, TR-20070 Denizli, Turkey. [Shah, Syed Nasar] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. [Shah, Syed Nasar] Govt High Sch, Sci Lab, Dherai Puran, Shangla, Pakistan. [Razzaq, Abdul] Univ Peshawar, Ctr Plant Biodivers, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Iris L. is one of the important genus of family Iridaceae, consist of 56 taxa naturally occurred in Turkey. The similarities and variations in the subgenus overlapping the taxonomic positions of the species in the subgenera and needs anatomical assessment especially by microscopic techniques. In this study, the taxonomic significance of leaf anatomical characters of 10 Iris subgenus Scorpiris taxa were studied in detail and the relationship among these taxa were evaluated using microscopy techniques. Fresh leaf samples of species were fixed in 70% alcohol solution for anatomical observation under microscope. Eleven different micromorphological features were statistically analyzed to delimit the species in subgenus. Based on morphological and anatomical similarities, we studied relationships among; (1) ssp. turcica, ssp. caucasica, I. nezahatiae and I. pseudocaucasica; (2) correlation between ssp. turcica and ssp. caucasica; (3) association of I. galatica, I. persica, ssp. margaretiae and ssp. stenophylla with each other; (4) relationship between ssp. stenophylla and ssp. margaretiae; and (5) relevance between I. aucheri and I. peshmeniana. Moreover, the taxonomy of subgenus Scorpiris has been discussed in detail with novel and diagnostic features based on micromorphological physiognomies. We found that four species in this study are endemic to Turkey, while seven are critically endangered geophytes in the country. The leaf anatomical characteristics of 10 taxa were divided into three groups. Main aim of this research was to study the taxonomy of the complex subgenus Scorpiris through microscopic techniques. C1 [Kandemir, Nezahat] Amasya Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Biol, Amasya, Turkey. [Celik, Ali] Pamukkale Univ, Art & Sci Fac, Dept Biol, TR-20070 Denizli, Turkey. [Ullah, Fazal; Shah, Syed Nasar; Zaman, Wajid] Quaid I Azam Univ Islamabad, Dept Plant Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. [Ullah, Fazal] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Mt Ecol Restorat & Bioresource Utiliz, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Ullah, Fazal; Zaman, Wajid] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zaman, Wajid] Chinese Acad Sci, Dept State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China.

Iris L. is one of the important genus of family Iridaceae, consist of 56 taxa naturally occurred in Turkey. The similarities and variations in the subgenus overlapping the taxonomic positions of the species in the subgenera and needs anatomical assessment especially by microscopic techniques. In this study, the taxonomic significance of leaf anatomical characters of 10 Iris subgenus Scorpiris taxa were studied in detail and the relationship among these taxa were evaluated using microscopy techniques. Fresh leaf samples of species were fixed in 70% alcohol solution for anatomical observation under microscope. Eleven different micromorphological features were statistically analyzed to delimit the species in subgenus. Based on morphological and anatomical similarities, we studied relationships among; (1) ssp. turcica, ssp. caucasica, I. nezahatiae and I. pseudocaucasica; (2) correlation between ssp. turcica and ssp. caucasica; (3) association of I. galatica, I. persica, ssp. margaretiae and ssp. stenophylla with each other; (4) relationship between ssp. stenophylla and ssp. margaretiae; and (5) relevance between I. aucheri and I. peshmeniana. Moreover, the taxonomy of subgenus Scorpiris has been discussed in detail with novel and diagnostic features based on micromorphological physiognomies. We found that four species in this study are endemic to Turkey, while seven are critically endangered geophytes in the country. The leaf anatomical characteristics of 10 taxa were divided into three groups. Main aim of this research was to study the taxonomy of the complex subgenus Scorpiris through microscopic techniques. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Iris L. is one of the important genus of family Iridaceae, consist of 56 taxa naturally occurred in Turkey. The similarities and variations in the subgenus overlapping the taxonomic positions of the species in the subgenera and needs anatomical assessment especially by microscopic techniques. In this study, the taxonomic significance of leaf anatomical characters of 10 Iris subgenus Scorpiris taxa were studied in detail and the relationship among these taxa were evaluated using microscopy techniques. Fresh leaf samples of species were fixed in 70% alcohol solution for anatomical observation under microscope. Eleven different micromorphological features were statistically analyzed to delimit the species in subgenus. Based on morphological and anatomical similarities, we studied relationships among; (1) ssp. turcica, ssp. caucasica, I. nezahatiae and I. pseudocaucasica; (2) correlation between ssp. turcica and ssp. caucasica; (3) association of I. galatica, I. persica, ssp. margaretiae and ssp. stenophylla with each other; (4) relationship between ssp. stenophylla and ssp. margaretiae; and (5) relevance between I. aucheri and I. peshmeniana. Moreover, the taxonomy of subgenus Scorpiris has been discussed in detail with novel and diagnostic features based on micromorphological physiognomies. We found that four species in this study are endemic to Turkey, while seven are critically endangered geophytes in the country. The leaf anatomical characteristics of 10 taxa were divided into three groups. Main aim of this research was to study the taxonomy of the complex subgenus Scorpiris through microscopic techniques.

Iris is the largest genus of family Iridaceae having 50 species with 24 endemic to Turkey. Here in this study we compared morphological, anatomical and ecological characters of two varieties of Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Iris unguicularis subsp. carica var. carica and Iris unguicularis subsp. carica var. syriaca) from Turkey. We reported some distinctive morphological characteristics between both of the varieties like plant size, root length and width, leaf length and width, perianth tube, falls, standard fruit and bract length, falls and standards width and structure, flower colour which are of important taxonomic values. We further investigated that both the varieties are found in different localities and the differences in morphological properties are specific to ecological conditions. Soil analysis of both varieties reveal that CO3, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn values are more effective than the other soil factors in the distributions of these varieties. C1 [Kandemir, N.] Amasya Univ, Educ Fac, Amasya, Turkey. [Khan, G.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. [Celik, A.] Pamukkale Univ, Sci & Art Fac, Denizli, Turkey.

Ecological properties of some Scilla L. taxa [S. bifolia L., S. melaina Speta, S. siberica Haw. subsp. armena (Grossh.) Mordak, S. leepii Speta, S. ingridae Speta, S. mesopotamica Speta, S. autumnalis L., S. monanthos C. Koch., S. rosenii C. Koch. and S. cilicica Siehe] were compared and relationships among taxa were determined. S. leepii and S. mesopotamica are endemic to Turkey. Because of various reasons, S. melaina, S. leepii, S. ingridae, S. mesopotamica, S. monanthos, S. siberica subsp. armena, S. rosenii and S. cilicica have limited distribution in Turkey. The investigated taxa have fragrant flowers, so are used as ornamental plant in gardens, parks and balconies in Turkey. Soil samples of the taxa were taken in flowering periods and physical and chemical properties (texture class, % of total salinity, pH, % of CaCO3, % of organic matter, % of total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn (in mg/kg) were determined. According to the similarities and differences in ecological characteristics, the taxa were divided into four groups. 1st group: S. melaina, S. leepii, S. ingridae and S. mesopotamica; 2nd group: S. siberica subsp. armena and S. cilicica; 3rd group: S. bifolia and S. autumnalis; 4th group: S. rosenii and S. monanthos. From the data, it has been found that organic matter, N, P, K, Ca, Fe and Zn values are more effective than the other soil factors in the distributions of the investigated taxa. (c) 2018 Friends Science Publishers

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor with different epidemiological, clinical, and morphologic features, and KS-associated herpes virus plays role in its etiology. In the pathogenesis of these tumors, inflammatory, immunological, and oncogenic factors are closely related to each other. Classic KS is characterized by cutaneous lesions and mild clinical course. However, with the addition of various factors to the disease process, KS lesions can occur in unusual locations and cause unexpected clinical symptoms. In this study, we present a case of gastrointestinal system involvement in KS and lymphadenopathic KS following interstitial lung disease and steroid treatment in a 72-year-old male patient who was treated for cutaneous classic KS for 10 years. Histopathologic differential diagnosis of KS lesions seen in unusual localizations is discussed in the context of literature. © 2017, Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology.

During preoperative radiotherapy, effective doses of ionizing radiation occasionally cause wound complications after subsequent surgery. This study was designed to determine the effects of intraperitoneally or orally administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on anastomotic healing of irradiated rats.Forty Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups containing 10 rats each. A 3 cm long surgical full-thickness midline laparotomy was performed to all groups (Groups 1-4). Group 1 was designed as a control group without radiation therapy and NAC treatment. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received a single abdominal dose of 10 Gy irradiation before laparotomy and groups 3 and 4 received oral and intraperitoneal NAC, respectively.Group comparisons demonstrated that breaking strength was significantly higher in NAC treated rats. A statistically significant difference was determined in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondealdehyde (MDA) and glutation (GSH) values between groups (p0.001). Nevertheless, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were found to be similar between groups (p=0.163). Serum GSH and SOD levels were significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 when compared to group 2 (p0.05). Similarly, there was a significant increase in serum MDA concentration, predicting lipid peroxidation, in group 2 when compared to groups 1, 3 and 4 (p0.05). There was not a significant difference between Groups 3 and 4 regarding GSH, MDA, SOD, and AOPP levels. Histopathological analysis revealed that NAC administration, either orally or intraperitoneally, leads to a better incisional healing in terms of inflammation, granulation, collagen deposition, reepithelization and neovascularization.The present study supports the hypothesis that NAC administration alleviates the negative effects of radiotherapy on incisional wound healing by means of reducing oxidative stress markers and improving histologic parameters independent of the route of administration.

Background: During preoperative radiotherapy, effective doses of ionizing radiation occasionally cause wound complications after subsequent surgery. This study was designed to determine the effects of intraperitoneally or orally administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on anastomotic healing of irradiated rats. Material & Methods: Forty Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups containing 10 rats each. A 3 cm long surgical full-thickness midline laparotomy was performed to all groups (Groups 1-4). Group 1 was designed as a control group without radiation therapy and NAC treatment. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received a single abdominal dose of 10 Gy irradiation before laparotomy and groups 3 and 4 received oral and intraperitoneal NAC, respectively. Results: Group comparisons demonstrated that breaking strength was significantly higher in NAC treated rats. A statistically significant difference was determined in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondealdehyde (MDA) and glutation (GSH) values between groups (p

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancers account for 15% of breast carcinomas and, when present as early-stage disease, they are associated with higher rates of recurrence and early distant metastasis risk when compared to hormone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) positive breast cancers. In this study we aimed to explore the basic clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors and recurrence patterns of non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients. Methods: In this study 561 non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer female patients admitted to 8 different cancer centers in Turkey between 2000 and 2010 were retrospectively evaluated through their medical records, to identify the basic clinico-pathological characteristics, prognostic factors and recurrence patterns. Results: The ratio of triple-negative breast cancer was 12%. The median age of patients was 48 years, of whom 311 (55.4%) were premenopausal. The majority had early-stage breast cancer at the time of diagnosis (16.8% stage I, 48.1% stage II, 35.1 % stage III) and the most commonly identified variant was invasive ductal carcinoma (84.1%). Grade II and III tumors were 27.1 and 48.5%, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 90.5% of women and adjuvant radiotherapy to 41.2%. Median patient follow up was 28 months (range 3-290). During the follow up period 134 (23.8%) patients developed metastatic disease. In most of these cases, metastatic sites were bone, soft tissue, and lung. Factors affecting disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were age (both p

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancers account for 15% of breast carcinomas and, when present as early-stage disease, they are associated with higher rates of recurrence and early distant metastasis risk when compared to hormone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) positive breast cancers. In this study we aimed to explore the basic clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors and recurrence patterns of non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients. Methods: In this study 561 non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer female patients admitted to 8 different cancer centers in Turkey between 2000 and 2010 were retrospectively evaluated through their medical records, to identify the basic clinico-pathological characteristics, prognostic factors and recurrence patterns. Results: The ratio of triple-negative breast cancer was 12%. The median age of patients was 48 years, of whom 311 (55.4%) were premenopausal. The majority had early-stage breast cancer at the time of diagnosis (16.8% stage I, 48.1% stage II, 35.1 % stage III) and the most commonly identified variant was invasive ductal carcinoma (84.1%). Grade II and III tumors were 27.1 and 48.5%, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 90.5% of women and adjuvant radiotherapy to 41.2%. Median patient follow up was 28 months (range 3-290). During the follow up period 134 (23.8%) patients developed metastatic disease. In most of these cases, metastatic sites were bone, soft tissue, and lung. Factors affecting disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were age (both p

In tropical climate regions, black fungal skin in fections may occur by traumatic ino - culation of the pathogens found in soil, trees or damaged plants. Black fungus often causes infections in immunosuppressive patients while a rare culprit in healthy individuals. In this article, a case of 72 years old female with phaeohyphomycosis due to Phialophora verrucosa has been presented. The lesion had begun as a small papule on the right ankle that had started 1 year ago, which turned out to be an ulcerated nodule. The patient was leading a life in rural district and was on systemic immunosuppressive treatment with a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis for 20 years. Treatment with itraconazole 400 mg/day for 4 months resulted with complete recovery. This case shows that though rarely, phaeohyphomycosis may be seen out of tropical regions and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodular lesions.

In the present study, anatomic and ecologic characteristics of 5 Crocus L. taxa (C. baytopiorum Mathew, C. biflorus Miller subsp. crewei (Hooker) Mathew, C. biflorus subsp. isauricus (Siehe ex Bowles) Mathew, C. biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena Mathew and C. cancellatus Herbert subsp. cancellatus) were compared. These taxa have both endemic (except subsp. crewei) and limited distribution in Turkey. The subsp. isauricus subsp. crewei and C. baytopiorum are flowering in early spring whereas subsp. cancellatus and subsp. pseudonubigena are flowering in autumn. In anatomical studies, the cross-sections of the stem and leaves of these taxa were examined. Moreover, arms, keel, micropapillae, mesophyll, stomata types, shape of the epidermis cells, crystal types and vascular bundles properties of the leaves were investigated. The number and the status of vascular bundles in stem, the status of mesophyll layer in leaves of these taxa were asserted as important taxonomic characters. The chemical and physical analysis of the soil samples were also determined.

Ecological relationships of some Iris taxa belonging to subgenera Hermodactyloides (I. danfordiae, I. histrio subsp. aintabensis, I. histrio subsp. histrio, I. reticulata, I. bakeriana, I. pamphylica) and Scorpiris (I. aucheri and I. persica) have been compared and relationships between taxa have been determined. These taxa are geophytes and flower in Spring. I. danfordiae, I. pamphylica and subsp. aintabensis are endemic to Turkey. I. reticulata and I. persica have widespread distribution while I. aucheri, subsp. aintabensis, subsp. histrio, I. pamphylica and I. bakeriana have restricted distribution in Turkey. Soil samples of the taxa were collected during flowering periods and physical and chemical properties (texture class, total salinity %, pH, CaCO 3 %, organic matter %, N %, P kg/da, K kg/da, Ca , Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn ppm) were determined. The correlations between the soil analyses and taxa were evaluated using regression analysis. The P and CaCO3 values were found to be more effective than the other soil factors in the distributions of investigated taxa.

Objective: Fine needle aspiration cytology is the first step in the diagnosing breast lesions. This study evaluated factors causing false-negative and false-positive diagnoses when evaluating breast lesions using this technique. Material and Method: In this study, we retrospectively examined 511 breast diagnoses, based on Fine needle aspiration cytology specimens, made in the Medical School of Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Department of Pathology, between 2002 and 2009. Factors affecting the reliability of fine needle aspiration cytology were evaluated by comparing the cytological and biopsy diagnoses and using the clinical parameters in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Result: In our series, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of fine needle aspiration cytology were 77%, 99%, 95%, 93%, and 95%, respectively. The false-negative diagnosis rate was 4% and the false-positive diagnosis rate was 1%. Conclusion: Sampling errors and erroneous interpretation of cellular monomorphism are the most important reasons for false-negative diagnosis results in the evaluation of breast lesions with fine needle aspiration cytology. Increased cellularity and reactive cell atypia in benign proliferative breast lesions are the most frequent reasons for false-positive diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: The contribution of cytological methods to the diagnosis and follow-up of urinary system malignancies was investigated in this study, along with histological diagnosis and clinical follow-up results of the cases. METHODS: One hundred forty-four cases who underwent cystoscopy in ZKÜTF Urology Department between 2003 and 2007 were included in this study, and urinary cytology and biopsy samples were assessed in the Pathology Department. RESULTS: When cytological and histological diagnoses were compared, results in 17 positive cases and in 109 negative cases were consistent. Three cases were false-positive and 15 cases were false-negative. In our series, sensitivity of urinary cytological diagnostic methods was 53% and specificity was 97%. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that urinary cytology has a high diagnostic value in the evaluation of urinary system diseases. However, decrease in the sensitivity of this method in low-grade urothelial tumors should be taken into account. © 2010 Association of Oncology.

The most efficient way of producing a nd supplying proper raw material desired by the pasta industry is the development of high quality durum wheat varieties. Therefore, quality of Turkish durum wheat varieties should be improved using modern breeding methods without adversely affecting their yields. In this study, important genes (y-gliadin 45 and LMW-2 glutenin) affecting the quality of pasta products were transferred to a Turkish durum wheat variety, Selçuklu-97, in a backcross breeding method in combination with marker assisted selection (MAS). A Canadian durum wheat cultivar with high quality, Kyle, was used as the donor parent. Each of F1 and backcross (BC) plants was backcrossed four times to the recurrent parent and in all of the generations, backcrossed plants carrying the targeted QTLs were selected by the MAS. The MAS method was employed in combination with embryo culture and rapid plant growth in a controlled greenhouse conditions. In identifying and transferring processes of the gene regions, molecular DNA markers (SSR, STS and GAG) were employed with A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE methods. A-PAGE was used for selection of y-gliadin 45, SDS-PAGE for selection of LMW-2 glutenins, and four SSR primers (Xgwm550, Xgwm608, Stm553actc, Stm542acag), one STS primer and one PCR primer (GAG5-6) linked to Gli-B1 and Glu-B3 loci for selection of y-gliadin 45 and LMW-2 glutenins either all together or alternatively. As a result, the study was completed in three years instead of six years required in a classical backcross breeding study, meaning about 50 % time saving, and obtained a high quality candidate variety.

Aim: CD10 is a cell surface metalloprotease that inactivates various bioactive neuropeptides. CD10 has been suggested as a useful prognostic marker for urothelial carcinoma, but there are only a few studies of CD10 in urothelial tumors and they have shown varying results. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of CD10 in urothelial bladder carcinomas and to clarify its association with pathologic parameters. Materials and methods: A total of 50 urothelial bladder carcinomas were selected from archival material. All cases were reevaluated histopathologically and graded according to the WHO/ISUP 1998 classification. The TNM system was used for their pathological staging. CD 10 immunohistochemical staining was performed on one representative tissue block for each case. Results: 35 of the 50 (70%) tumors showed positive CD10 immunostaining. We found a statistically significant difference in terms of CD10 extent between low grade and high grade tumors. No association was detected between CD10 expression and other pathologic parameters. No relationship was found between CD10 expression and tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, or pathological stage. Conclusion: According to our findings, high grade carcinomas showed a wider CD10 expression than that in low grade carcinomas. CD10 may play an important role in the progression and differentiation of bladder urothelial carcinomas. © Tübi·tak.

Objectives: Meningiomas are generally benign central nervous system neoplasms, which frequently express progesterone receptor (PR) and rarely express the estrogen receptor (ER). The significance of Her-2/neu expression in meningiomas is unclear. We evaluated the correlation with Her-2/neu, PR, ER expressions and clinicopathologic parameters in World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I meningiomas. Patients and Methods: In total, 53 cases of meningiomas were included in this study. Formaline-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were immunostained for Her-2/neu, PR and ER. Results: Whereas 27 (50.9%) of meningiomas were positive for PR, no reaction was determined for ER. Her-2/neu overexpression was observed in 12 (22.6%) cases. There was positive correlation between Her-2/ neu and PR expressions (p=0.015). Her-2/neu expression was frequently seen in meningothelial type (p=0.03). There were no correlations with Her-2/neu, ER, PR and other clinicopathologic parameters. Conclusion: The results of our study show that despite there being PR expression at a high rate in grade I meningiomas, ER expression is a rare finding. Moreover, Her-2/neu expression has been detected more often in the PR positive and meningothelial type. © Medical Journal of Trakya University. Published by Ekin Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.

Objective: The gold standard for diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma is conventional histology, which depends on the characteristic nuclear features, regardless of whether papillary architecture is present or not. This study was carried on to evaluate the utility of cytokeratin-19 in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Material and Methods: Expression of cytokeratin-19 was tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 380 surgically resected thyroid lesions including hyperplasic nodules (n= 243), granulomatous thyroiditis (n= 3), lymphocytic (n= 53) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n= 11), follicular adenomas (n= 17), Hurthle cell adenomas (n= 4), well-differentiated thyroid tumor with follicular architecture of uncertain malignant potenti al (n= 1), papillary carcinomas (n= 45), follicular carcinoma (n= 1), insular carcinoma (n= 1), and medullary carcinoma (n= 1). The immunoreactivity was scored as negative, 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+, based on the extent of the reaction regardless of previous diagnosis. Results: Positive reaction with cytokeratin-19 was denoted in all of the 45 cases of papillary carcino mas with scores of 4+, 3+ and 2+ and the ratios were 57.8% (26/45), 33.3% (15/45) and 8.9% (4/45), respectively. There seemed to be a strong diffuse cytoplasmic reactivity with cytokeratin-19 in papillary thyroid carcinomas. The sensitivity and specificity for cytokeratin-19 in papillary carcinomas among neoplastic thyroid lesions were 91.8% and 86.2%, respectively. Conclusion: In additi on to careful histological evaluation, cytokeratin-19 seems useful for the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Copyright © 2009 by Türkiye Klinikleri.

Gliosarcoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system characterized by a biphasic histological pattern. Our objective is to describe clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of two cases of gliosarcoma with chondroblastic osteosarcomatous differentiation and to discuss its pathogenetic mechanisms. Case 1: A 52-year-old male patient underwent parietal craniotomy due to anaplastic ependymoma. The case had radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperatively. After the first operation, additional resections were performed for tumor because of recurrences at the fourth, seventh and tenth months. The patient died after the last tumor resection. Histopathologic examination of the postmortem biopsy revealed neoplasm displaying a biphasic morphologic pattern including both gliomatous and sarcomatous components. Case 2: The case was a 69-year-old male patient with a right frontal lobe mass histologically diagnosed as gliosarcoma displaying sarcomatous and glial components. Immunohistochemical features were similar to those of the first case in general, but diffuse nuclear reaction with p53 protein was detected in both components. We report two cases with an extremely rare histopathologic aldiagnosis of "gliosarcoma with features of chondroblastic osteosarcoma".

OBJECTIVES This study examined the frequency of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) in thyroid papillary carcinomas (TPC) and the relationship between the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and CLT. METHODS The study included 61 TPC cases. In each case, the presence of the lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor tissue and non-neoplastic parenchyma was graded semi-quantitatively using a scale of 0 to 3. The cases were classified in two groups, TPC including CLT (Group I) and TPC not including CLT (Group II). RESULTS CLT was detected in 26.3% (Group I) of the TPCs and TIL was observed in 77% of the Group I cases; no lymphoid infiltration compatible with TIL was detected in Group II. A significant difference was observed in the TIL density between Groups I and II. CONCLUSION CLT is a frequent finding in TPC, and the presence of TIL is related to CLT. © 2009 Association of Oncology.

The occurrence of granulomatous reactions within lymph nodes that drain carcinomas is well known but uncommon. Even more rarely, granulomas may occur within the stroma of tumors. These lesions, called sarcoid-like reactions, commonly accompany carcinomas but are very rare in sarcomas. This study presents a case of classic Kaposi sarcoma that contained sarcoid-like granulomas, with a literature review. A soft tissue lesion of the foot was excised from a 74-year-old male. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor tissue consisted of spindle cells, areas of atypical vascular proliferation, and extravasated erythrocytes surrounded by non-caseating granulomas. The patient had no clinical or laboratory findings of sarcoidosis. The case was interpreted as "Kaposi sarcoma containing sarcoid-like granulomas". The association of soft tissue sarcomas with a granulomatous reaction is very rare. A granulomatous reaction is reported to be a good prognostic indicator in several carcinoma types, although its importance in sarcomas is unclear. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) is the most aggressive, and the most frequent primary tumor of the brain in adults. Presence of less-differentiated areas which exhibit a small cell morphology and neural immunophenotype is quite uncommon in GBs. Tumor tissue which had been determined in the frontotemporal region of a 61-year-old female patient and evaluated to be consistent with GB radiologically was subjected to total excision. Histopathological examination revealed two different components making up the tumor tissue. Using a morphological and immunophenotypic approach, the predominant component of the tumor was found to bear the properties of classic GB. The other component was composed of undifferentiated areas exhibiting small cell morphology and diffuse neuronal immunophenotype. The case was diagnosed as 'Glioblastoma with primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like component'. The patient who had been subjected to postoperative radiotherapy, showed no sign of recurrence during the follow-up examination performed on the 9th month. The histogenesis and prognostic significance of neuronal differentiation observed in glial tumors are not known yet. Inclusion of this component in pathological reports is important regarding formation of a database for future studies.

27th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology -- OCT 12-17, 2008 -- Athens, GREECE, WOS: 000259524800711, Int Acad Pathol

27th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology -- OCT 12-17, 2008 -- Athens, GREECE, WOS: 000259524800499, Int Acad Pathol

27th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology -- OCT 12-17, 2008 -- Athens, GREECE, WOS: 000259524800216, Int Acad Pathol

27th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology -- OCT 12-17, 2008 -- Athens, GREECE, WOS: 000259524800452, Int Acad Pathol