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456 results on '"Kane, R L"'

3. Cognitive Assessment During Long-Duration Space Flight

Author

Seaton, Kimberly, Kane, R. L, and Sipes, Walter

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

The Space Flight Cognitive Assessment Tool for Windows (WinSCAT) is a computer-based, self-administered battery of five cognitive assessment tests developed for medical operations at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. WinSCAT is a medical requirement for U.S. long-duration astronauts and has been implemented with U.S. astronauts from one NASA/Mir mission (NASA-7 mission) and all expeditions to date on the International Space Station (ISS). Its purpose is to provide ISS crew surgeons with an objective clinical tool after an unexpected traumatic event, a medical condition, or the cumulative effects of space flight that could negatively affect an astronaut's cognitive status and threaten mission success. WinSCAT was recently updated to add network capability to support a 6-person crew on the station support computers. Additionally, WinSCAT Version 2.0.28 has increased difficulty of items in Mathematics, increased number of items in Match-to-Sample, incorporates a moving rather than a fixed baseline, and implements stricter interpretation rules. ISS performance data were assessed to compare initial to modified interpretation rules for detecting potential changes in cognitive functioning during space flight. WinSCAT tests are routinely taken monthly during an ISS mission. Performance data from these ISS missions do not indicate significant cognitive decrements due to microgravity/space flight alone but have shown decrements. Applying the newly derived rules to ISS data results in a number of off-nominal performances at various times during and after flight.. Correlation to actual events is needed, but possible explanations for off-nominal performances could include actual physical factors such as toxic exposure, medication effects, or fatigue; emotional factors including stress from the mission or life events; or failure to exert adequate effort on the tests.

Published
2010

4. Quality of Systematic Reviews of Observational Nontherapeutic Studies

Author

Tatyana Shamliyan, Kane, R. L., and Jansen, S.

Subjects
Publishing, Epidemiologic Studies, Review Literature as Topic, Conflict of Interest, Risk Factors, Research, education, Chronic Disease, Systematic Review, Periodicals as Topic
Abstract

Introduction High-quality epidemiologic research is essential in reducing chronic diseases. We analyzed the quality of systematic reviews of observational nontherapeutic studies. Methods We searched several databases for systematic reviews of observational nontherapeutic studies that examined the prevalence of or risk factors for chronic diseases and were published in core clinical journals from 1966 through June 2008. We analyzed the quality of such reviews by using prespecified criteria and internal quality evaluation of the included studies. Results Of the 145 systematic reviews we found, fewer than half met each quality criterion; 49% reported study flow, 27% assessed gray literature, 2% abstracted sponsorship of individual studies, and none abstracted the disclosure of conflict of interest by the authors of individual studies. Planned, formal internal quality evaluation of included studies was reported in 37% of systematic reviews. The journal of publication, topic of review, sponsorship, and conflict of interest were not associated with better quality. Odds of formal internal quality evaluation (odds ratio [OR], 1.10 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.19) and either planned, formal internal quality evaluation or abstraction of quality criteria of included studies (OR, 1.17 per year; 95% CI, 1.08-1.26) increased over time, without positive trends in other quality criteria from 1990 through June 2008. Systematic reviews with internal quality evaluation did not meet other quality criteria more often than those that ignored the quality of included studies. Conclusion Collaborative efforts from investigators and journal editors are needed to improve the quality of systematic reviews.

Published
2010

5. Economic incentives for preventive care

Author

Kane, R L, Johnson, P E, Town, R J, and Butler, M

Subjects
Motivation, Physician Incentive Plans, Preventive Health Services, Community Participation, Costs and Cost Analysis, Humans, Health Promotion, Research Article
Published
2004

6. Total knee replacement

Author

Kane, R L, Saleh, K J, Wilt, T J, Bershadsky, B, Cross, W W, MacDonald, R M, and Rutks, I

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Female, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Knee Prosthesis, Research Article, Aged
Published
2003

28. Cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients is common

Author

Murray, A. M., primary, Tupper, D. E., additional, Knopman, D. S., additional, Gilbertson, D. T., additional, Pederson, S. L., additional, Li, S., additional, Smith, G. E., additional, Hochhalter, A. K., additional, Collins, A. J., additional, and Kane, R. L., additional

Published
2006
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