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1. Frequency of Social Isolation and Homeboundness and Their Relationships with High-Level Functional Capacity in Elderly Diabetic Patients

Author

Ida S, Kaneko R, Imataka K, Okubo K, Shirakura Y, Azuma K, Fujiwara R, Takahashi H, and Murata K

Subjects
community-dwelling elderly, tokyo metropolitan institute of gerontology index of competence (tmig-ic), diabetes in the elderly, activities of daily living, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Satoshi Ida, Ryutaro Kaneko, Kanako Imataka, Kaoru Okubo, Yoshitaka Shirakura, Kentaro Azuma, Ryoko Fujiwara, Hiroka Takahashi, Kazuya Murata Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise-shi, Mie 516-8512, JapanCorrespondence: Satoshi IdaDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolism, Ise Red Cross Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, 1-Chome, Ise-shi, Mie 516-8512, JapanTel +81 596-28-2171Fax +81 596-28-2965Email bboy98762006@yahoo.co.jpPurpose: To determine the frequency of social isolation (hereinafter, isolation) and homeboundness in elderly diabetic patients and to investigate their relationships with high-level functional capacity.Patients and Methods: Subjects were diabetic outpatients aged 65 years and older who were visiting the Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital. Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) was used to evaluate high-level functional capacity. Isolation was defined as having less than one interaction per week with someone other than co-habiting family members. Homeboundness was defined as leaving the house less than once a day. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the TMIG-IC score as the dependent variable and isolation and homeboundness as independent variables.Results: Four hundred fifty-one patients were included in the analysis. The frequency of isolation and homeboundness affected 37% and 13.3% of men and 28.9% and 20.6% of women, respectively. The adjusted partial regression coefficient of the TMIG-IC scores of isolated, homebound, and isolated+homebound men was − 0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI), − 1.68 to − 0.21; P = 0.012], − 0.27 (95% CI, − 1.93 to 1.39; P = 0.746), and − 4.03 (95% CI, − 5.37 to − 2.68; P < 0.001) in relation to that of the non-isolated and non-homebound group as reference. In women, the respective coefficients to the reference were − 1.33 (95% CI, − 2.93 to 0.25; P = 0.099), − 0.65 (95% CI, − 2.56 to 1.26; P = 0.501), and − 3.01 (95% CI, − 4.92 to − 1.1; P = 0.002), respectively.Conclusion: The frequency of isolation was high in both female and male elderly diabetic patients. In men, there was a significant relationship between isolation and decline in high-level functional capacity. In both men and women, there was a significant relationship between isolation+homeboundness and decline in high-level functional capacity.Keywords: community-dwelling elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence, TMIG-IC, diabetes in the elderly, activities of daily living

Published
2020

4. Detection of deep low-frequency tremors from past paper records at a station in southwest Japan based on convolutional neural network

Author

Kaneko, R., Nagao, H., Ito, S., Tsuruoka, H., and Obara, K.

Abstract

Since deep low-frequency tremors are considered to be associated with large earthquakes that occur adjacently on the same subducting plate interface, it is important to investigate tremors that occurred before the establishment of modern seismograph networks such as the High Sensitivity Seismograph Network (Hi-net). We propose a deep-learning solution to detect evidence of tremors in the scanned images of paper seismogram records from over 50 years ago. In this study, we fine-tuned a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the Residual Network (ResNet), pre-trained based on images of synthetic waveforms in our previous study, using a dataset comprised of images generated from real seismic data recorded digitally by Hi-net to facilitate a supervised analysis. The fine-tuned CNN was able to predict the presence or absence of tremors in the Hi-net images with an accuracy of 98.64%. Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) heatmaps created to visualize model predictions indicated that the CNN’s ability to detect tremors is not degraded by the presence of teleseisms. Once validated using the training images, the CNN was applied to paper seismograms recorded from 1966 to 1977 at the Kumano observatory in southwest Japan, operated by Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. The CNN showed potential for detecting tremors in scanned images of paper seismogram records from the past, facilitating downstream tasks such as the creation of new tremor catalogs. However, further training using an augmented dataset to control for variables such as inconsistent plotting pen thickness is required to develop a universally applicable model., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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30. Nanoindentation hardness tests using a point contact microscope

Author

Lu, C.J., Bogy, D., and Kaneko, R.

Subjects
Microscope and microscopy -- Methods, Hardness -- Testing, Nanotechnology -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

The Point Contact Microscope (PCM), developed in NTT's Kaneko Research Laboratory, is used to conduct hardness tests on polycarbonate and gold at indentation depths in the range of about 5-100 nm. Different diamond indenters, which are attached to single leaf springs of various stiffnesses, are used to study the effects of tip radius and apex angle on the measured hardness values. The indentation depth versus force and hardness versus force relations for various tip conditions are examined. It is found that the hardness value obtained increases for small values of indentation load and approaches a tip-independent value for larger loads. The hardness is sensitive to the indentation force and tip radius in the limit of small indentation depths. In this case, a standard indenter and a fixed load should be used to compare the hardnesses of different materials. The effect of the apex angle on the hardness is relatively insignificant.

Published
1994

45. Bacterioplankton drawdown of coral mass-spawned organic matter

Author

Guillemette, R., Kaneko, R., Blanton, J., Tan, J., Witt, M., Hamilton, S., Allen, E., Medina, M., Hamasaki, K., Koch, B. P., Azam, F., Guillemette, R., Kaneko, R., Blanton, J., Tan, J., Witt, M., Hamilton, S., Allen, E., Medina, M., Hamasaki, K., Koch, B. P., and Azam, F.

Abstract

Coral reef ecosystems are highly sensitive to microbial activities that result from dissolved organic matter (DOM) enrichment of their surrounding seawater. However, the response to particulate organic matter (POM) enrichment is less studied. In a microcosm experiment, we tested the response of bacterioplankton to a pulse of POM from the mass-spawning of Orbicella franksi coral off the Caribbean coast of Panama. Particulate organic carbon (POC), a proxy measurement for POM, increased by 40-fold in seawater samples collected during spawning; 68% degraded within 66 h. The elevation of multiple hydrolases presumably solubilized the spawn-derived POM into DOM. A carbon budget constructed for the 275 µM of degraded POC showed negligible change to the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), indicating that the DOM was readily utilized. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry shows that the DOM pool became enriched with heteroatom-containing molecules, a trend that suggests microbial alteration of organic matter. Our sensitivity analysis demonstrates that bacterial carbon demand could have accounted for a large proportion of the POC degradation. Further, using bromodeoxyuridine immunocapture in combination with 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, we surmise that actively growing bacterial groups were the primary degraders. We conclude that coral gametes are highly labile to bacteria and that such large capacity for bacterial degradation and alteration of organic matter has implications for coral reef health and coastal marine biogeochemistry.

Published
2018

48. High wear durability of ECR-sputtered carbon films

Author

Hirono, S., Umemura, S., Andoh, Y., Hayashi, T., and Kaneko, R.

Subjects
Magnetic recorders and recording -- Research, Magnetic media -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We investigated the effect of ion irradiation on the wear of carbon films prepared by electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma (ECR) sputtering. The wear durability of the ECR-sputtered films was far superior to that of the RF-sputtered films. ECR-sputtered films made with a high energy ion irradiation showed the highest wear resistance, nearly equal to that of bulk diamond. We attribute this high durability to selective etching of the weakly bonded carbon atoms by the high-energy ion irradiation.

Published
1998

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