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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Early detection and treatment response monitoring of HCC are vital for improved outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on imaging, serum tumor markers, and invasive liver tissue biopsy. The advent of liquid biopsy has revolutionized cancer diagnostics and management. Liquid biopsy involves the detection and analysis of tumor-derived components, such as circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles, in various body fluids. These components reflect tumor characteristics, genetic alterations, and functional changes, providing valuable information for HCC diagnosis and treatment response monitoring. Liquid biopsy offers several advantages, including its non-invasive nature, potential for repetitive sampling, and real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. However, challenges remain, including the sensitivity of detection methods, and standardization. In this review, we discuss the methods, current status, and prospects of liquid biopsy for HCC, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool in HCC management.