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Background: Clavicle fractures associated with ipsilateral coracoid process fractures are very rare, with limited literature reporting only a few cases. This study reports on 27 patients with ipsilateral concomitant fractures of the clavicle and coracoid process who were followed for more than 12 months. Material and methods: This retrospective study reviewed the charts of skeletally mature patients with traumatic ipsilateral clavicle and coracoid process fractures treated at the authors' institution. Each patient was regularly followed post-treatment. Radiographs assessed bone union and implant integrity, while clinical evaluations included the Constant–Murley score for shoulder function; disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire for upper limb function; and visual analog scale score for pain. Complications were also recorded. Results: From October 2012 to February 2023, 40 patients were diagnosed with ipsilateral fractures of the clavicle and coracoid process of the scapula, accounting for 1.4% (40/2877) of all clavicle fractures and 5.2% (40/786) of all scapular fractures. This study included 27 patients with follow-up exceeding 12 months: 6 had medial-third clavicle fractures, 12 had middle-third fractures, and 9 had distal-third fractures. According to Eyres' classification, the coracoid fractures included two type I, five type II, eight type III, seven type IV, and five type V fractures. Twenty-two patients received operative treatment, with clavicle fractures fixed with internal plating and 11 coracoid fractures with internal fixation. Bone union was achieved in all patients. The mean Constant–Murley score was 91.2 ± 9.4 and the mean DASH score was 6.4 ± 7.6. Five patients reported mild shoulder pain and five patients developed complications. Conclusions: Ipsilateral concomitant fractures of the clavicle and coracoid process can occur at various clavicle locations, with shaft and medial fractures more common than previously thought. Displaced fractures can be effectively managed with operative treatment, and coracoid process fixation may not be necessary if satisfactory indirect reduction is achieved after clavicle fixation. Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green and effective disposal of carbon disulfide (CS2) waste into high-valued chemicals under mild conditions is meaningful yet challenging. Herein, a novel 3D cluster-based metal–organic framework (MOF) {(Me2NH2)2[Co3(μ3-O)(XN)(BDC)3]·4DMF·5MeOH}n (compound 1) (XN = 4′-(4-pyridine)4,2′:2′,4′′-terpyridine, H2BDC = terephthalic acid) assembled by [Co15] and [Co18] nano-cages was harvested, presenting excellent stability. Catalytic characterization demonstrated that compound 1 can efficiently promote the cycloaddition reaction of CS2 with aziridines to form sole high-valued thiazolidine-2-thione upon 30 °C and 0.1 MPa for 6 h, which matches well with the atom economy and the sustainable development intention. Noteworthily, compound 1 is the mildest and most efficient catalyst for CS2 treatment and can be reused at least ten times without significant activity degradation; it also retains excellent catalytic capacity in both gram-scale reaction and simulated CS2 waste liquid, which lays a solid foundation for its practical application. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm the synergistic effect of the nanocage characteristic and the Me2NH2+ cation, which can significantly reduce the reaction energy barrier in this CS2/aziridine coupling reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plow bit is one of the key parts of the coal plow, and is the working part of the coal plow that directly contacts the coal and rock. When plowing the coal, due to the complex and tough coal seam conditions, especially when encountering hard minerals such as hard inclusions, the force on the plow bit increases sharply. The plow bit is impacted, which easily results in the failure of plow bit, such as plow bit head losing, plow bit body broken. And the consumption of plow bit is very large. Therefore, it is important to study the dynamic response of the plow bit when it is impacted during plowing. In this paper, the finite element simulation analysis method is used to conduct in-depth research on the dynamic response of the plow bit under impact. It provides theoretical references for the material selection of plow bit, the design and optimization of plow bit structure, the improvement of plow bit reliability, and the reasonable selection of the working parameters such as plow speed. It is of great significance to the design of China’s coal mining machinery and the development of coal industry.