36 results on '"Kang GC"'
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2. Vacuum-assisted closure of a large palmar defect after debriding a midpalmar tuberculous abscess.
- Author
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Kang GC and Yam A
- Published
- 2008
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3. Patients' perspectives on video consultation for non-communicable diseases: a qualitative study in Singapore.
- Author
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Tan MS, Kang GC, Fong RJK, Cheong NK, Shi H, and Tan NC
- Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of telemedicine in primary care services. Understanding patients' perspectives on telemedicine is pivotal for its wider adoption in managing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the community., Aim: To explore the views and concerns of patients who have yet to use video consultation (VC) for NCD management in Singapore., Design & Setting: This qualitative study was conducted in a primary care clinic in Singapore., Method: In total, 16 patients participated in individual in-depth interviews. The participants had type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension and/or hyperlipidaemia without prior VC experience. They were purposively enrolled in the polyclinic. Audited transcripts were independently coded by two investigators. Thematic analysis was performed to identify perspectives on telemedicine based on the health, information, and technology zones of the Health Information Technology Acceptance Model., Results: The following three themes emerged: perceived benefits of VC utility; perceived barriers of VC adoption; and potential challenges of VC. Participants viewed VC as safe and convenient if they had stable NCD. They voiced concerns on possible suboptimal care owing to the absence of physical examination, network connectivity, and personal medical data security. Participants highlighted challenges of VC uptake such as digital health familiarity, availability of their own mobile and telemonitoring devices, and healthcare costs consideration., Conclusion: Addressing the concerns and challenges highlighted by non-VC users can help physicians and policymakers explore ways to scale up telemedicine in Singapore. A hybrid clinical care model comprising in-person visits and VC may be the way forward for NCD management., (Copyright © 2023, The Authors.)
- Published
- 2023
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4. Integration of a multicomponent intervention for hypertension into primary healthcare services in Singapore-A cluster randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Jafar TH, Tan NC, Shirore RM, Allen JC, Finkelstein EA, Hwang SW, Koong AYL, Moey PKS, Kang GC, Goh CWT, Subramanian RC, Thiagarajah AG, Ramakrishnan C, Lim CW, and Liu J
- Subjects
- Antihypertensive Agents adverse effects, Blood Pressure, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Primary Health Care, Singapore, Hypertension drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Despite availability of clinical practice guidelines for hypertension management, blood pressure (BP) control remains sub-optimal (<30%) even in high-income countries. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a potentially scalable multicomponent intervention integrated into primary care system compared to usual care on BP control., Methods and Findings: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 8 government clinics in Singapore. The trial enrolled 916 patients aged ≥40 years with uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mmHg). Multicomponent intervention consisted of physician training in risk-based treatment of hypertension, subsidized losartan-HCTZ single-pill combination (SPC) medications, nurse training in motivational conversations (MCs), and telephone follow-ups. Usual care (controls) comprised of routine care in the clinics, no MC or telephone follow-ups, and no subsidy on SPCs. The primary outcome was mean SBP at 24 months' post-baseline. Four clinics (447 patients) were randomized to intervention and 4 (469) to usual care. Patient enrolment commenced in January 2017, and follow-up was during December 2018 to September 2020. Analysis used intention-to-treat principles. The primary outcome was SBP at 24 months. BP at baseline, 12 and 24 months was modeled at the patient level in a likelihood-based, linear mixed model repeated measures analysis with treatment group, follow-up, treatment group × follow-up interaction as fixed effects, and random cluster (clinic) effects. A total of 766 (83.6%) patients completed 2-year follow-up. A total of 63 (14.1%) and 87 (18.6%) patients in intervention and in usual care, respectively, were lost to follow-up. At 24 months, the adjusted mean SBP was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to usual care (-3.3 mmHg; 95% CI: -6.34, -0.32; p = 0.03). The intervention led to higher BP control (odds ratio 1.51; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.09; p = 0.01), lower odds of high (>20%) 10-year cardiovascular risk score (OR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.97; p = 0.03), and lower mean log albuminuria (-0.22; 95% CI: -0.41, -0.02; p = 0.03). Mean DBP, mortality rates, and serious adverse events including hospitalizations were not different between groups. The main limitation was no masking in the trial., Conclusions: A multicomponent intervention consisting of physicians trained in risk-based treatment, subsidized SPC medications, nurse-delivered motivational conversation, and telephone follow-ups improved BP control and lowered cardiovascular risk. Wide-scale implementation of a multicomponent intervention such as the one in our trial is likely to reduce hypertension-related morbidity and mortality globally., Trial Registration: Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02972619., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Author Agnes Koong was unable to confirm their authorship contributions. On their behalf, the corresponding author has reported their contributions to the best of their knowledge.
- Published
- 2022
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5. Immersive Virtual Reality in Alleviating Pain and Anxiety in Children During Immunization in Primary Care: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Chang ZY, Kang GC, Koh EYL, Fong RJK, Tang J, Goh CK, and Tan NC
- Abstract
Background: Pediatric immunization is often associated with significant fear and anxiety among the children and their parents. Their distress may potentially affect their adherence to the childhood immunization schedule and the acceptance of other recommended vaccines by physicians., Objective: The study primarily aimed to assess the feasibility of using immersive virtual reality (VR) during immunization in children in primary care. The secondary aim was to determine the effectiveness of immersive VR in alleviating pain and anxiety among children, reduction of anxiety of their parents and attending nurses during immunization compared to usual care without VR., Methods: A pilot open-label randomized control trial was conducted at a public primary care clinic in Singapore. Thirty children, aged 4-10 years were randomized to an intervention group ( n = 15) using VR and a control group ( n = 15) without VR during immunization. Feasibility was assessed by the response rate to the use of VR. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) and the Children's Fear Scale (CFS) were used to determine their pain and anxiety, respectively. The anxiety level of their accompanying parents and attending nurses were evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) prior and post-immunization of these children. The FPS-R and CFS scores, and anxiety assessment for parents and nurses were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess the difference in the nurses' experience of using the VR application., Results: One child refused to use the VR equipment, constituting a rejection rate of 6.7% (1/15) but no adverse event occurred in the intervention arm. The overall response rate of 88% (30/34) when the parents were approached to participate in the study, indicating feasibility of using VR in childhood immunization. In the intervention group compared to the control group, the change in scores for CFS (median -1, IQR -2 to 0; P = 0.04), parental VAS (median -4, IQR -5 to -1; P = 0.04) were significantly decreased. After immunization, nurses scored favorably for VR, in terms of simplicity (median 9.5, IQR 5.72 to 10; P = 0.01), acceptability (median 10, IQR 5 to 10; P = 0.005) and willingness to use VR in the future (median 10, IQR 5 to 10; P = 0.02)., Conclusion: Immersive VR is feasible, safe and effective in alleviating anxiety among the children and parents. Nurses viewed the application of VR in childhood immunization favorably., Clinical Trial Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04748367], identifier [NCT04748367]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Chang, Kang, Koh, Fong, Tang, Goh and Tan.)
- Published
- 2022
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6. Charged Block Copolymers: From Fundamentals to Electromechanical Applications.
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Min J, Barpuzary D, Ham H, Kang GC, and Park MJ
- Abstract
Charged block copolymers are promising materials for next-generation battery technologies and soft electronics. Although once it was only possible to prepare randomly organized structures, nowadays, well-ordered charged block copolymers can be prepared. In addition, theoretical and experimental analyses of the thermodynamic properties of charged polymers have provided insights into how to control nanostructures via electrostatic interactions and improve the ionic conductivity without compromising mechanical strength, which is crucial for practical applications. In this Account, we discuss methods to control the self-assembly and ion diffusion behavior of charged block copolymers by varying the type of tethered ionic moieties, local concentration of embedded ions with controlled electrostatic interactions, and nanoscale morphology. We discuss with particular emphasis on the structure-transport relationship of charged block copolymers using various ionic additives to control the phase behavior electrostatically as well as the ion transport properties. Through this, we establish the role of interconnected ionic channels in promoting ion-conduction and the importance of developing three-dimensional interconnected morphologies such as gyroid, orthorhombic Fddd (O
70 ) networks, body-centered cubic (bcc), face-centered cubic (fcc), and A15 structures with well-defined interfaces in creating less tortuous ion-conduction pathways. Our prolonged surge and synthetic advances are pushing the frontiers of charged block copolymers to have virtually homogeneous ionic domains with suppressed ion agglomeration via the nanoconfinement of closely bound ionic moieties, resulting in efficient ion conduction and high mechanical strength.Subsequently, we discuss how, by using zwitterions, we have radically improved the ionic conductivity of single-ion conducting polymers, which have potential for use in next-generation electrochemical devices owing to the constrained anion depletion. Key to the improvement stems from hierarchically ordered ionic crystals in nanodomains of the single-ion block copolymers through the self-organization of the dipolar/ionic moieties under confinement. By precisely tuning the distances between ionic sites and the dipolar orientation in the ionic domains with varied zwitterion contents, unprecedented dielectric constants close to those of aqueous electrolytes have been achieved, leading to the development of high-conductivity solid-state single-ion conducting polymers with leak-free characteristics. Further, using these materials, low-voltage-driven artificial muscles have been prepared that show a large bending strain and millisecond-scale mechanical deformations at 1 V in air without fatigue, exceeding the performance of previously reported polymer actuators. Finally, smart multiresponsive actuators based on tailor-made charged polymers capable of programmable deformation with high force and self-locking without power consumption are suggested as candidates for use in soft robotics.- Published
- 2021
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7. The use of negative-pressure wound therapy over a cultured epithelial autograft for full-thickness wounds secondary to purpura fulminans in an infant.
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Goh BKL, Chua AWC, Chew KY, Kang GC, Chiang LW, Tan BK, and Ramachandran S
- Abstract
Purpura fulminans is a serious condition that can result in severe morbidity in the pediatric population. Although autologous skin grafts remain the gold standard for the coverage of partial- to full-thickness wounds, they have several limitations in pediatric patients, including the lack of planar donor sites, the risk of hemodynamic instability, and the limited graft thickness. In Singapore, an in-house skin culture laboratory has been available since 2005 for the use of cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs), especially in burn wounds. However, due to the fragility of CEAs, negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) dressings have been rarely used with CEAs. With several modifications, we report a successful case of NPWT applied over a CEA in an infant who sustained 30% total body surface area full-thickness wounds over the anterior abdomen, flank, and upper thigh secondary to purpura fulminans. We also describe the advantages of using NPWT dressing over a CEA, particularly in pediatric patients.
- Published
- 2021
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8. Masseter Muscle Volume Changes Evaluated by 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography After Repeated Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Patients With Square Facial Morphology.
- Author
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Chang CS, Lin S, Wallace CG, Hsiao YC, Lin CM, Kang GC, Chen ZC, Chen PK, Lo LJ, Chen YR, and Chen JP
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- Adult, Esthetics, Female, Humans, Injections, Intralesional, Injections, Intramuscular, Masseter Muscle diagnostic imaging, Masseter Muscle drug effects, Middle Aged, Organ Size drug effects, Sampling Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric, Treatment Outcome, Botulinum Toxins, Type A therapeutic use, Hypertrophy diagnostic imaging, Hypertrophy drug therapy, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Masseter Muscle abnormalities, Masseter Muscle anatomy & histology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
- Abstract
Introduction: Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is a minimally invasive and technically straightforward treatment of masseter muscle (MM) volume reduction and facial contouring, but the literature on its long-term effect on MM volume remains unclear., Objective: This study aimed to assess quantitatively for progressive volume changes of lower facial contour after 3 BoNT-A injections in patients with bilateral MM hypertrophy causing square facial morphology using 3-dimensional computed tomographic scans., Materials and Methods: Ten female patients with square facial morphology due to bilateral MM hypertrophy were recruited to, and 6 completed, this clinical study. Each received 24 U of BoNT-A into the inferior portion of each MM on both sides, repeated 6 monthly to complete 3 treatments. Masseter muscle volume changes were assessed using 3-dimensional computed tomography at pretreatment (before injections) and posttreatment (1 year after the third injection)., Results: Mean MM volume significantly reduced from 26.39 ± 4.18 cm before treatment to 23.26 ± 4.31 cm 1 year after treatment (P = 0.002)., Conclusion: Three consecutive 6-monthly BoNT-A injections into the MMs reduced their volume by 12% when assessed 1 year after completion of treatment.
- Published
- 2019
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9. Aesthetic Durable Forehead Contouring in Asians With Fat Grafting and Botulinum Toxin.
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Kang GC, Hsiao YC, Huang JJ, Chen JP, Chen PK, Chen YR, and Chang CS
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- Adult, Cohort Studies, Combined Modality Therapy, Esthetics, Asia, Eastern, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Graft Survival, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Skin Aging drug effects, Skin Aging ethnology, Time Factors, Tissue Transplantation methods, Treatment Outcome, Adipose Tissue transplantation, Body Contouring methods, Botulinum Toxins, Type A administration & dosage, Forehead surgery
- Abstract
Background: Augmentative forehead contouring to create a full rounded smooth forehead is increasingly popular worldwide especially in East Asia where a flat and/or concave irregular forehead is considered unaesthetic. We present our outcomes performing fat transfer to the forehead in combination with botulinum toxin (Botox) corrugator-frontalis injection where indicated in East Asians., Methods: From 2013 to 2017, 62 consecutive patients with flat and/or concave irregular unaesthetic foreheads underwent forehead fat transfer using a microautologous fat transplantation gun. Concomitant Botox injection to minimize corrugator and frontalis contraction-mediated fat displacement was indicated in 23 patients (thin forehead skin and/or excessive forehead animation or rhytides) to prevent forehead vertical crease formation. Thirty-nine subjects with a mean follow-up of 16 months (range = 3-44 months) had their pregraft and postgraft forehead contours assessed on an aesthetic grading scale. Of these 39, 17 completed forehead fat graft volumetric analysis using preoperative and postoperative 3D photography., Results: Aesthetic results were durable at latest follow-up, and all patients were satisfied with their final appearance. The mean amount of fat transferred was 7.72 mL (range = 1.5-33 mL). One subject required a repeat fat grafting (with Botox) because of vertical crease formation after the index procedure (without Botox). Another 12 needed a second fat-grafting session to optimize the contour. All who received Botox did not develop vertical creases. The mean ± SD forehead contour grade improved from 2.29 ± 0.77 to 3.24 ± 0.67 (P < 0.001). The percentage mean ± SD retention of grafted fat was 46.71% ± 5.77% with Botox versus 39.12% ± 5.24% without Botox (P = 0.006)., Conclusions: Fat grafting to the forehead using our technique with selective Botox administration is an effective, simple, fast, inexpensive, and safe strategy for aesthetic forehead contouring especially for flat and/or concave foreheads. Forehead fat survival rate is objectively improved with simultaneous Botox injection. There is minimum downtime and long-lasting results with high patient satisfaction rates.
- Published
- 2019
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10. Clinical outcomes for minimally invasive primary and secondary orbital reconstruction using an advanced synergistic combination of navigation and endoscopy.
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Chen CT, Pan CH, Chen CH, Shyu VB, Wu JC, and Kang GC
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Diplopia epidemiology, Enophthalmos epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polyethylenes, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Surgical Mesh, Titanium, Treatment Outcome, Endoscopy methods, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Orbital Fractures surgery, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods
- Abstract
Background: Sequelae of inadequate orbital reconstruction include enophthalmos, hypoglobus, and diplopia. Accuracy of orbital reconstruction is largely subjective and especially difficult to achieve because of anatomic distortion in secondary or late reconstruction and in extensive injury. We combined computer navigation and endoscopy to perform accurate, aesthetic, and safe minimal-access primary and secondary orbital reconstruction., Methods: From 2013 to 2014, 24 patients underwent unilateral primary and secondary or late minimally invasive orbital reconstruction with mainly Medpor and/or titanium mesh by navigation and endoscopic assistance through transantral, transconjunctival, or upper blepharoplasty approaches. Mean follow-up was 13.8 months (range, 6.2 months to 2.8 years)., Results: All orbital fractures were successfully reduced. Average enophthalmos among patients who underwent early reconstruction, late reconstruction, and multiorbital wall repair improved (p < .001) to 0.2 mm from 1.6, 2.6, and 2.6 mm, respectively. Hypoglobus and diplopia resolved in all. In early reconstruction patients, mean interorbital volume difference improved from 1.72 ± 0.87 to 0.53 ± 0.83 ml (P = .03). For late reconstruction patients, this difference improved from 3.41 ± 1.23 to 0.56 ± 0.96 ml (p < .001). There were no major complications during follow-up, and all were satisfied with their final appearance and function., Conclusion: Navigation sharpens reconstructive accuracy and avoids injury to vital structures. Combined with endoscopic assistance for minimal-access reconstruction of wide-ranging orbital defects from primary to secondary or late cases and to extensive multiwall fractures, navigation facilitates minimal cosmetic incision and synergistic endoscope use and clearly optimizes aesthetic and functional outcomes, all with enhanced safety and unparalleled intraoperative visualization., (Copyright © 2017 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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11. Delayed primary closure of extensive wounds using the TopClosure system and topical negative pressure therapy.
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Choke A, Goh TL, Kang GC, and Tan BK
- Subjects
- Adult, Coronary Artery Bypass adverse effects, Diabetes Complications, Fasciitis, Necrotizing microbiology, Fasciitis, Necrotizing pathology, Fasciitis, Necrotizing therapy, Hernia, Ventral therapy, Humans, Lower Extremity pathology, Middle Aged, Muscle Neoplasms pathology, Muscle Neoplasms therapy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sarcoma, Synovial secondary, Sarcoma, Synovial therapy, Sternum injuries, Streptococcal Infections complications, Streptococcal Infections pathology, Streptococcal Infections therapy, Thoracic Vertebrae, Time Factors, Wound Healing, Wounds and Injuries etiology, Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy, Wound Closure Techniques instrumentation, Wounds and Injuries therapy
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- 2017
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12. Achieving Ideal Lower Face Aesthetic Contours: Combination of Tridimensional Fat Grafting to the Chin with Masseter Botulinum Toxin Injection.
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Chang CS and Kang GC
- Subjects
- Adult, Anatomic Landmarks, Female, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Middle Aged, Patient Satisfaction, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Transplantation, Autologous, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors administration & dosage, Adipose Tissue transplantation, Botulinum Toxins administration & dosage, Chin surgery, Cosmetic Techniques, Esthetics, Masseter Muscle drug effects, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods
- Abstract
Background: Lower face aesthetic contouring is in high demand among Asians with wide and short faces desiring a slim lower face. For this purpose invasive mandible angle reduction and genioplasty are complex procedures with significant risks and downtime. Non-invasive botulinum toxin A injection into bilateral masseters - while popular for lower face contouring - does not address facial length deficiency in wide and short faces. Autologous chin fat grafting is a simple minimally-invasive technique for facial lengthening., Objectives: We present our experience pairing chin fat grafting and masseteric botulinum toxin injection for effective lower face contouring., Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients with relatively wide and short faces underwent chin fat grafting and 1 to 3 serial masseteric botulinum toxin A injections. Mean follow up after final intervention was 20 months (range, 6 months to 3 years)., Results: The postoperative mean ratio of bigonial distance to total facial height improved from 0.599 to 0.569 (P < .01), closer to the ideal ratio of 0.561. The mean ratio of upper lip length to lower lip and chin length improved from 0.611 to 0.560 (P < .01), nearing the ideal 0.542. Postoperative lateral profile in all was ideal. There were no complications at follow up. Results were durable at latest follow up and most were satisfied with their final appearance., Conclusions: Combined tridimensional chin fat grafting and botulinum toxin masseteric injection is an effective, simple, fast, inexpensive, safe, and minimally-invasive strategy for aesthetic lower face contouring of short and wide faces, with short downtime, long-lasting results, and high patient satisfaction., Level of Evidence: 4 Therapeutic., (© 2016 The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Inc. Reprints and permission: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2016
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13. Combined Intraoral and Endoscopic Approach for Malar Reduction.
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Chen CT, Pan CH, Liao HT, Chen YR, and Kang GC
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- Adult, Anatomic Landmarks, Esthetics, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Zygoma anatomy & histology, Cosmetic Techniques, Endoscopy, Osteotomy, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Zygoma surgery
- Published
- 2016
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14. Biomaterials patterned with discontinuous microwalls for vascular smooth muscle cell culture: biodegradable small diameter vascular grafts and stable cell culture substrates.
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Heath DE, Kang GC, Cao Y, Poon YF, Chan V, and Chan-Park MB
- Subjects
- Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Humans, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular drug effects, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular physiology, Silicones chemistry, Tensile Strength, Tissue Scaffolds chemistry, Vasoconstriction drug effects, Biocompatible Materials pharmacology, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular cytology
- Abstract
The medial layer of small diameter blood vessels contains circumferentially aligned vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) that possess contractile phenotype. In tissue-engineered constructs, these cellular characteristics are usually achieved by seeding planar scaffolds with vSMC, rolling the cell-laden scaffold into a tubular structure, and maturing the construct in a pulsatile bioreactor, a lengthy process that can take up to two months. During the maturation phase, the cells circumferentially orient, their contractile protein expression increases, and they obtain a contractile phenotype. Generating cell culture platforms that enable the rapid production of directionally oriented vSMC with increased contractile protein expression would be a major step forward for blood vessel tissue engineering and would greatly facilitate the in vitro study of vSMC biology. Previously, we developed a micropatterned cell culture surface that promotes orientation and contractile protein expression of vSMC. Herein, we explore two potential applications of this technology. First, we fabricate tubular and biodegradable scaffolds that possess the micropatterning on their exterior surface. When vSMC are seeded on these scaffolds, they initially proliferate in order to fill the microchannels and as confluence is reached the cells align in the direction of the micropatterning resulting in a biodegradable scaffold that is inhabited by circumferentially aligned vSMC within a week. Second, we illustrate that we can generate biostable cell culture surfaces that allow the in vitro study of the cells in a more contractile state. Specifically, we explore contractile protein expression of cells cultured on the micropatterned surfaces with the addition of soluble transforming growth factor beta one (TGFβ1).
- Published
- 2016
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15. Simultaneous maxillo-mandibular distraction in early adolescence as a single treatment modality for durable correction of type II unilateral hemifacial microsomia: Follow-up till completion of growth.
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Lu TC, Kang GC, Yao CF, Liou EJ, Ko EW, Chen ZC, and Chen PK
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, Goldenhar Syndrome diagnostic imaging, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Maxillofacial Development, Osteotomy methods, Photography, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Goldenhar Syndrome surgery, Osteogenesis, Distraction methods
- Abstract
Background: Timing of surgical intervention in hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is controversial. Although mandibular osteodistraction in childhood for HFM is popular, recent data for single-stage distraction in growing HFM patients demonstrated long-term relapse. Literature suggests that adolescents in the late mixed dentition age or permanent dentition age (11-16-year-old) had more stable outcomes post-distraction than younger children. We present favorable experience using single-treatment simultaneous maxillo-mandibular distraction in early adolescent Pruzansky-Kaban type II HFM patients., Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal study of seven consecutive type IIa/b HFM growing patients (12-16-year-old) treated with simultaneous maxillo-mandibular distraction. Oral commissure cant was photographically measured preoperatively and at 6 months and annually ranging 3-7 years post-distraction. Ramus height and chin deviation were measured from radiographs done preoperatively and at distractor-removal, 1 year, 2 years, and 4 years post-distraction., Results: Average age at osteodistraction and at latest follow-up was 13.7 and 18.6 years, respectively. Improvement was significant (p < 0.05) and sustained for mean oral commissure cant (5.1°-0.41°), mean ramus height ratio (0.59-0.86), and average chin deviation (15.9 mm-1.2 mm). Two subjects had mandibular branch palsy and one had mild pin-tract infection - all resolved. All were satisfied with their facial appearance., Conclusion: We have demonstrated good lasting outcomes at completion of growth with single-stage simultaneous maxillo-mandibular distraction for type II HFM adolescents in the late mixed-dentition or older age, and advocate this as an alternative to osteodistraction or orthognathic surgery upon skeletal maturity., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2016
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16. Efficacy of Topical Timolol as Primary Monotherapy in Cutaneous Facial Infantile Hemangiomas.
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Ng ZY, Kang GC, Chang CS, and Por YC
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists administration & dosage, Child, Facial Neoplasms diagnosis, Hemangioma diagnosis, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Facial Neoplasms drug therapy, Hemangioma drug therapy, Timolol administration & dosage
- Abstract
Recent studies have shown that infantile hemangiomas (IHs) undergo a rapid growth phase between 5.5 and 7.5 weeks of life and do not usually proliferate beyond 6 months; growth thereafter is usually proportionate to the child's growth. This review assesses the evidence for topical timolol as primary monotherapy for cutaneous facial IHs before 12 months of age, and to determine the differences in outcome between early (before 6 months) and late initiation (after 6 months) of timolol. A review of English language articles published up to November 2015 was performed using selected key words. Articles identified were further reviewed for relevance. The full text of studies included for final analysis was perused to include pertinent patient details, treatment protocol with timolol, complications (if any) reported, and response to treatment. Four studies met the inclusion criteria. In children before 12 months of age, the efficacy of topical timolol for the treatment of cutaneous facial IHs in achieving clinically significant improvement as defined by a standardized Global Assessment Score score of 3 and above ranged from 47% to 88%. One study also showed that IH regression was greater in patients started on timolol before 6 months of age compared with those started later (P <0.05). Topical timolol initiated in children before 12 months of age appears to be safe and clinically effective. There was insufficient data for detailed analysis of outcomes in patients who commenced treatment before and after 6 months of age.
- Published
- 2016
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17. Aesthetic Patient-Centric Approach to a Unilateral Zygomaticomaxillary Fracture: Computer-Guided Osteotomy of the Non-Injured Side.
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Chang CS, Hsiao YC, Huang JJ, Chen JP, Chen PK, and Kang GC
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Maxillary Fractures diagnostic imaging, Patient-Centered Care, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Young Adult, Zygomatic Fractures diagnostic imaging, Maxillary Fractures surgery, Osteotomy ethics, Plastic Surgery Procedures ethics, Surgery, Computer-Assisted ethics, Zygomatic Fractures surgery
- Published
- 2016
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18. Swiveling a Single Expanded Forehead Flap: A Novel Effective Economical Approach to Total Bilateral Upper and Lower Eyelid Reconstruction.
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Kang GC, Chen Ong W, Lim J, Sundar G, and Lim TC
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- Adult, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Forehead surgery, Humans, Male, Orbit Evisceration, Recreation, Surgical Flaps surgery, Tissue Expansion economics, Tissue Expansion methods, Blast Injuries economics, Blast Injuries surgery, Blepharoplasty economics, Blepharoplasty methods, Eyelids injuries, Orbit injuries, Orbit surgery, Plastic Surgery Procedures economics, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods, Surgical Flaps economics
- Abstract
In our novel approach, a single expanded forehead flap was used to reconstruct bilateral upper and lower eyelids in orbital trauma. A 40-year-old man sustained blast injury resulting in bilateral orbital exenteration and need for bilateral socket and eyelid reconstruction. The sockets were each resurfaced with a temporalis flap. A subgaleal forehead tissue expander was expanded during several weeks until enough tissue was obtained. The single expanded forehead flap was swiveled in stages to reconstruct both upper and lower eyelids beginning with the left eye then the right. With this method, the authors recreated the bilateral upper and lower eyelids with a single pedicled flap and ensured secure retention of prostheses to give an acceptable appearance. The novel approach of swiveling a single expanded pedicled forehead flap to reconstruct bilateral upper and lower eyelids is easy and effective providing adequate like for like autologous tissue, and economical requiring only 1 donor site.
- Published
- 2016
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19. Efficacious Healing of Ulcerated Infantile Hemangiomas Using Topical Timolol.
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Chang CS and Kang GC
- Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign pediatric soft-tissue tumors. Ulceration-the most frequent complication of IH-tends to heal poorly and is associated with pain, bleeding, infection, and scarring. Mainstay treatment modalities include propranolol (β-blocker) and corticosteroids, whose effectiveness is countered by a need for long-term medication and risk of systemic adverse effects and ulcer recurrence. A 3-month-old infant presented to us with a large, medial thigh-ulcerated IH that progressed despite 2 prior months of dressings and topical antimicrobials. Topical timolol 0.5% thrice daily was initiated, and significant healing was evident at 1 week, with complete healing at 1 month. Timolol was stopped after 3 months, and at 18 months after cessation of timolol, there was no ulcer recurrence. This novel therapy for ulcerated IH seems to have many advantages such as rapid efficacy with easy application, no systemic adverse effects and no long-term recurrence, and current literature describing similar advantages justifies the use of this treatment modality in infants.
- Published
- 2016
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20. Self-Inflicted Burns in Soldiers: The Singapore Experience.
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Chong SJ, Johandi F, and Kang GC
- Subjects
- Humans, Burns diagnosis, Malingering diagnosis, Military Personnel psychology, Self-Injurious Behavior diagnosis
- Published
- 2015
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21. Making a Little History with the Chang Gung Cleft Lip Repair.
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Kang GC, Huang JJ, Chang CS, Por YC, Chen PK, Chen JP, and Chen YR
- Published
- 2015
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22. Subunit principle of vulvar reconstruction: algorithm and outcomes.
- Author
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Tan BK, Kang GC, Tay EH, and Por YC
- Abstract
Background: Vulvar defects result chiefly from oncologic resection of vulvar tumors. Reconstruction of vulvar defects restores form and function for the purpose of coitus, micturition, and defecation. Many surgical options exist for vulvar reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with vulvar reconstruction., Methods: From 2007 to 2013, 43 women presented to us with vulvar defects for reconstruction. Their mean age at the time of reconstruction was 61.1 years. The most common cause of vulvar defect was from resection of vulvar carcinoma and extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva. Method s of reconstruction ranged from primary closure to skin grafting to the use of pedicled flaps., Results: The main complications were that of long term hypertrophic and/or unaesthetic scarring of the donor site in 4 patients. Twenty-two patients (51%) were able to resume sexual intercourse. There were no complications of flap loss, wound dehiscence, and urethral stenosis., Conclusions: We present a subunit algorithmic approach to vulvar reconstruction based on defect location within the vulva, dimension of the defect, and patient age and comorbidity. The gracilis and gluteal fold flaps are particularly versatile and aesthetically suited for reconstruction of a variety of vulvar defects. From an aesthetic viewpoint the gluteal fold flap was superior because of the well-concealed donor scar. We advocate the routine use of these 2 flaps for vulvar reconstruction.
- Published
- 2014
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23. Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of human dental pulp cells is mediated by the mitochondria-dependent pathway.
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Park MY, Jeong YJ, Kang GC, Kim MH, Kim SH, Chung HJ, Jung JY, and Kim WJ
- Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a mediator and regulator of inflammatory responses. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and NOS is abundantly expressed in the human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). NO produced by NOS can be cytotoxic at higher concentrations to HDPCs. However, the mechanism by which this cytotoxic pathway is activated in cells exposed to NO is not known. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the NO-induced cytotoxic mechanism in HDPCs. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, reduced the viability of HDPCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We investigated the in vitro effects of nitric oxide on apoptosis of cultured HDPCs. Cells showed typical apoptotic morphology after exposure to SNP. Besides, the number of Annexin V positive cells was increased among the SNP-treated HDPCs. SNP enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) ameliorated the decrement of cell viability induced by SNP. However, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) did not inhibited the decrement of cell viability induced by SNP. SNP increased cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression levels. Moreover, SNP-treated HDPCs elevated activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. While pretreatment with inhibitors of caspase (z-VAD-fmk, z-DEVD-fmk) reversed the NO-induced apoptosis of HDPCs. From these results, it can be suggested that NO induces apoptosis of HDPCs through the mitochondria-dependent pathway mediated by ROS and Bcl-2 family, but not by the cyclic GMP pathway.
- Published
- 2014
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24. Reconstructing a large helical rim defect: synergy of a postauricular perforator flap, diced cartilage, and otoplasty technique.
- Author
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Kang GC, Wu Y, Naidu S, and Lee SJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Cartilage transplantation, Ear, External injuries, Perforator Flap, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods
- Abstract
Large full thickness helical ear defects are a challenge to reconstruct. A 25-year-old woman presented to us with loss of a large portion of the helical rim after an assault. A successful 2-stage reconstruction was performed, incorporating the principles of perforator flaps, otoplasty techniques, and use of diced cartilage more commonly used for rhinoplasty. There was a 5 × 0.5-cm central helical defect of the right ear. In the first stage, the original defect was recreated and a 7 × 1.5-cm inferiorly based postauricular artery perforator flap was raised from the right postauricular sulcus. Diced cartilage was harvested from the adjacent conchal bowl and conchomastoid sutures were used to set the relatively prominent ear back so as to facilitate tension-free donor-site closure. Diced cartilage was wrapped in the deep fascia of the perforator flap and the edges of the deep fascia were sutured to the perichondrium of the exposed cartilage. The pedicle was divided at a second stage. At 1-year postoperation, the reconstructed ear maintained good form and symmetry, and the patient was satisfied with the outcome. This is a novel efficient technique of reconstructing large ear helical defects combining a postauricular artery perforator flap with wrapped diced cartilage augmentation, and incorporating classical otoplasty technique for virtually scarless donor-site closure.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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25. The hook plate technique for fixation of phalangeal avulsion fractures.
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Kang GC, Yam A, Phoon ES, Lee JY, and Teoh LC
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Finger Injuries diagnostic imaging, Finger Phalanges diagnostic imaging, Follow-Up Studies, Fracture Fixation, Internal methods, Fracture Healing physiology, Fractures, Bone diagnostic imaging, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Care methods, Radiography, Range of Motion, Articular physiology, Recovery of Function physiology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Titanium, Young Adult, Bone Plates, Finger Injuries surgery, Finger Phalanges injuries, Fracture Fixation, Internal instrumentation, Fractures, Bone surgery
- Abstract
Background: Avulsion fractures of the phalanges involve small osseous fragments that are usually attached to structures that are necessary for stability or movement of the joint. Satisfactory healing of the fracture to preserve joint function may require open reduction and internal fixation, which can be difficult because of the small size of the fragments., Methods: We used a hook plate fashioned from a 1.3-mm Synthes titanium plate in thirteen patients with a phalangeal avulsion fracture. Four patients had an avulsion fracture of the volar plate with dorsal proximal interphalangeal joint dislocation, four had a dorsal avulsion fracture of the extensor central slip from the middle phalanx, three had a flexor digitorum profundus avulsion fracture from the distal phalanx, and two had an avulsion fracture of the phalangeal insertion of the collateral ligament., Results: Union without complications was achieved in all cases. After an average duration of follow-up of seventeen months, all patients had a good to excellent result and the average total interphalangeal motion was 149°., Conclusions: This indirect fixation technique produces stable fixation allowing early active finger motion.
- Published
- 2012
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26. Large unilateral breast autoinflation after breastfeeding linked to polyacrylamide hydrogel injection augmentation mammaplasty.
- Author
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Kang GC and Ong YS
- Subjects
- Acrylic Resins administration & dosage, Adult, Breast Cyst surgery, Female, Foreign-Body Reaction surgery, Humans, Risk Factors, Acrylic Resins adverse effects, Breast Cyst etiology, Breast Feeding, Breast Implants adverse effects, Foreign-Body Reaction etiology, Mammaplasty adverse effects
- Abstract
Augmentation mammaplasty using polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) injection is associated with myriad complications. A patient treated by the authors had bilateral breast augmentation with PAAG injection and experienced large unilateral right breast autoinflation after breastfeeding, which required surgical clearance of a likely galactocele or sterile pus collection that resulted in deformity. Patients with PAAG filler injection-augmented breasts should avoid breastfeeding. The authors recommend against using PAAG injection for augmentation mammaplasty, especially in women intending to breastfeed. Physicians and patients must be aware of the complications associated with PAAG before gel administration.
- Published
- 2011
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27. Mycobacterium abscessus Hand Infections in Immunocompetent Fish Handlers: Case Report.
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Kang GC, Gan AW, Yam A, Tan AB, and Tay SC
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Combined Modality Therapy, Debridement methods, Female, Fishes, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunocompetence, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous diagnosis, Rare Diseases, Skin Diseases, Bacterial microbiology, Skin Diseases, Bacterial therapy, Tenosynovitis microbiology, Tenosynovitis therapy, Treatment Outcome, Food Handling, Hand microbiology, Mycobacterium classification, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous immunology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous therapy, Occupational Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus hand infections are rare and usually occur in immunocompromised patients or after injection with contaminated injectables. This article describes 2 cases of M abscessus infection of the hand in otherwise healthy fish handlers. Mycobacterium abscessus can cause severe chronic tenosynovitis even in immunocompetent patients and should be suspected alongside the more common M marinum as a cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial hand infections in patients with aquatic and fish exposure., (Copyright 2010 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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28. In vivo tissue engineering over wounds with exposed bone and tendon: Autologous dermal grafting and vacuum-assisted closure.
- Author
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Kang GC, Por YC, and Tan BK
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Preschool, Dermis transplantation, External Fixators, Female, Fractures, Open surgery, Humans, Joint Dislocations surgery, Male, Metatarsal Bones injuries, Metatarsal Bones surgery, Tibial Fractures surgery, Tissue Scaffolds, Toe Joint injuries, Toe Joint surgery, Foot Injuries surgery, Leg Injuries surgery, Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy, Skin Transplantation methods, Soft Tissue Injuries surgery, Tissue Engineering methods
- Abstract
Flap coverage is ideal for wounds exposing bone and tendon, but technically less demanding and speedier options might be considered for small shallow wounds and for wounds with adjacent tissue loss precluding local flaps. We revisited the use of autologous dermal grafting-in combination with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC)-for such wounds.Five small- to medium-sized wounds exposing bone, joint, and/or tendon were each covered using an autologous meshed dermal graft followed by VAC application to induce granulation. Closure was completed at 2 weeks by split-thickness skin grafting over the granulating dermis graft.Complete and stable wound healing was achieved in all cases within 4 weeks of dermal grafting over exposed bone with excellent outcome at 1 year in terms of donor site healing and return to function. All healed wounds had a nearly flush profile with no bulkiness in the foot and toe region.Autologous dermal grafting with VAC is an integrated in vivo tissue engineering system in which the meshed dermis acts as an attractive scaffold for granulation within the conducive VAC-medium. As an alternative to flap surgery or dermal substitutes, the technique is simple, swift, and cost-effective for immediate closure of small shallow wounds and even multiple small wounds, exposing bone and tendon particularly in the lower legs, feet, and toes.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Proteomic analysis in cyclosporin A-induced overgrowth of human gingival fibroblasts.
- Author
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Jung JY, Kang GC, Jeong YJ, Kim SH, Kwak YG, and Kim WJ
- Subjects
- Blotting, Western, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Cyclosporine pharmacology, Down-Regulation, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts metabolism, Galectin 3 biosynthesis, Gingiva cytology, Gingiva metabolism, Gingival Overgrowth chemically induced, Gingival Overgrowth metabolism, Gingival Overgrowth pathology, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacology, Peroxiredoxins biosynthesis, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Up-Regulation, Cyclosporine adverse effects, Fibroblasts drug effects, Gingiva drug effects, Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects, Proteome biosynthesis, Proteomics
- Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been used as an immunosuppressive drug to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat autoimmune diseases. CsA has a proliferative effect on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CsA-induced proliferation in HGF remain to be elucidated. This study was aimed to investigate the CsA responsive proteins in HGF using systematic proteomic approach. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescent spectrometer. Proteins profiled by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (EIQ-TOF MS). To confirm the expression changes of proteins by proteomics analysis, Western blot was performed using specific antibody. CsA increased the cell viability of HGF in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Significantly, seventeen proteins were overexpressed in the CsA-treated HGF, whereas three proteins were found to be expressed less than the untreated cells. The identified proteins were mainly related with cell proliferation, metabolism, and oxidation. The overexpression of peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx 1) confirmed by Western blotting and reduction of cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the CsA-treated HGF demonstrated that Prx 1 may play a crucial role in the HGF proliferation induced by CsA. Upregulation of Galectin 3 in CsA-treated HGF indicated that it is related to CsA-induced proliferation. These proteomic analysis data will provide an efficient approach in understanding the mechanisms of HGF proliferation by CsA.
- Published
- 2009
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30. Biomimetic control of vascular smooth muscle cell morphology and phenotype for functional tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessels.
- Author
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Chan-Park MB, Shen JY, Cao Y, Xiong Y, Liu Y, Rayatpisheh S, Kang GC, and Greisler HP
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, Cell Communication, Cell Differentiation, Collagen chemistry, Extracellular Matrix chemistry, Humans, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Phenotype, Blood Vessels cytology, Blood Vessels physiology, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular cytology, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle cytology, Tissue Engineering methods
- Abstract
Small-diameter blood vessel substitutes are urgently needed for patients requiring replacements of their coronary and below-the-knee vessels and for better arteriovenous dialysis shunts. Circulatory diseases, especially those arising from atherosclerosis, are the predominant cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Current therapies include the use of autologous vessels or synthetic materials as vessel replacements. The limited availability of healthy vessels for use as bypass grafts and the failure of purely synthetic materials in small-diameter sites necessitate the development of a biological substitute. Tissue engineering is such an approach and has achieved promising results, but reconstruction of a functional vascular tunica media, with circumferentially oriented contractile smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and extracellular matrix, appropriate mechanical properties, and vasoactivity has yet to be demonstrated. This review focuses on strategies to effect the switch of SMC phenotype from synthetic to contractile, which is regarded as crucial for the engineering of a functional vascular media. The synthetic SMC phenotype is desired initially for cell proliferation and tissue remodeling, but the contractile phenotype is then necessary for sufficient vasoactivity and inhibition of neointima formation. The factors governing the switch to a more contractile phenotype with in vitro culture are reviewed.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Modified technique for frontal sinus obliteration using calvarial bone and Tisseel glue.
- Author
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Kang GC, Sng KW, and Tay AG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Debridement, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Fractures, Comminuted surgery, Frontal Sinus injuries, Frontal Sinusitis surgery, Humans, Joint Dislocations surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Mucocele surgery, Retrospective Studies, Skull Fractures surgery, Surgical Wound Infection etiology, Young Adult, Bone Transplantation methods, Fibrin Tissue Adhesive therapeutic use, Frontal Sinus surgery, Tissue Adhesives therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Frontal sinus obliteration is indicated in trauma and frontal sinus disease. We present our experience with a modified technique of frontal sinus obliteration., Methods: We reviewed the records of 17 patients who underwent frontal sinus obliteration with a combination of Tisseel fibrin glue (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL) and calvarial bone and describe our technique., Results: One female and 16 male patients (mean age, 36.6) underwent frontal sinus obliteration from 2001 to 2005. Traumatic fracture was the most common indication. The patients were followed up for a median of 15 months. There were no major complications. Postoperatively, one patient developed a localized frontal wound infection at 3 weeks; this resolved with debridement. At latest follow-up, all were free from local sinus complications, disease recurrence, headaches, or intracranial events., Conclusions: The combined use of autogenous calvarial bone and Tisseel is suitable for frontal sinus obliteration. Our technique is associated with low donor site morbidity, avoids a separate donor surgical site, and has a low complication rate.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Successful management of an iatrogenically-ingested sharp foreign body.
- Author
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Kang GC and Madhukumar P
- Subjects
- Adult, Cecum diagnostic imaging, Cecum pathology, Foreign-Body Migration diagnostic imaging, Foreign-Body Migration etiology, Humans, Male, Radiography, Abdominal, Cecum injuries, Colonoscopy methods, Foreign-Body Migration surgery, Iatrogenic Disease, Needles
- Published
- 2008
33. A tuberculous midpalmar abscess of the hand due to reactivation of previous pulmonary tuberculosis.
- Author
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Kang GC, Yam A, and Lee JY
- Subjects
- Abscess diagnosis, Abscess therapy, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Debridement methods, Diagnosis, Differential, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Metacarpus, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Abscess etiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary complications
- Published
- 2008
34. Simultaneous infected pseudoaneurysm and suppurative tenosynovitis resulting from radial artery cannulation.
- Author
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Kang GC, Wong CH, and Lee JY
- Subjects
- Aged, Fingers pathology, Humans, Male, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Aneurysm, False microbiology, Aneurysm, Infected microbiology, Catheterization adverse effects, Methicillin Resistance, Radial Artery, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Tenosynovitis microbiology
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Forty-one cervicofacial vascular anomalies and their surgical treatment--retrospection and review.
- Author
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Kang GC and Song C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Arteriovenous Malformations diagnosis, Arteriovenous Malformations pathology, Arteriovenous Malformations surgery, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Hemangioma diagnosis, Hemangioma pathology, Hemangioma surgery, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Vascular Malformations diagnosis, Vascular Malformations pathology, Face blood supply, Neck blood supply, Vascular Malformations surgery
- Abstract
Introduction: Haemangiomas in children usually involute spontaneously and surgical treatment is exceptional. Vascular malformations do not regress spontaneously and resection may become necessary. We present a series of surgically treated face and neck vascular anomalies during a 9-year period, assessing the epidemiology, presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic modalities, indications for surgery, treatment methods and clinical outcome post-treatment., Materials and Methods: The medical and pathological records of all patients with cervicofacial vascular anomalies treated surgically at our department from 1997 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed in relation to current evidence., Results: Forty-one patients were identified. Of these, 9 patients had haemangiomas and the remaining 32 had a variety of vascular malformations. Cervicofacial vascular anomalies were most commonly located at the lip. Atypical looking vascular anomalies like masseteric intramuscular haemangiomas and parotid malformations were diagnostic problems. All 41 had surgical excision of their vascular anomalies for troubling symptoms, cosmesis or diagnostic purpose. For cervicofacial arteriovenous malformations, 28% were classified as Schobinger stage I, 50% stage II, and the remainder stage III. Combined embolisation-resection was used to treat 6 arteriovenous malformations (stage II to III) and of these, 3 required flap reconstruction., Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis distinguishing between cervicofacial haemangiomas and vascular malformations is key to best treatment. The diagnosis can usually be made by history and physical examination aided by early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although cervicofacial haemangiomas can be managed conservatively or with medical therapy, surgery is indicated for preventing psychological distress and in cases of chronic aesthetic alteration resulting from partial regression. Aesthetic concerns and prevention of psychosocial distress point to early excision of venous malformation as the treatment of choice. Lymphatic malformations are best treated by excision. Outcome after excision of localised cervicofacial haemangiomas and low-flow vascular malformations is excellent. Large extensive low-flow malformations as well as those located at the lips may require multiple procedures including reconstruction; patients should be informed that the outcome is generally not as good. Combined embolisation-resection is definitive treatment for arteriovenous malformations and flap reconstruction may prevent their recurrence. Tissue expansion is a useful reconstructive tool after the excision of large vascular anomalies.
- Published
- 2008
36. Extracranial non-vestibular head and neck schwannomas: a ten-year experience.
- Author
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Kang GC, Soo KC, and Lim DT
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms epidemiology, Head and Neck Neoplasms pathology, Head and Neck Neoplasms therapy, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurilemmoma epidemiology, Neurilemmoma pathology, Neurilemmoma therapy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Singapore epidemiology, Time Factors, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnosis, Medical Audit, Neurilemmoma diagnosis, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
- Abstract
Introduction: We present a series of head and neck extracranial non-vestibular schwannomas treated during a ten-year period, assessing epidemiology, presenting signs and symptoms, location, nerve of origin, diagnostic modalities, treatment and clinical outcome., Materials and Methods: Clinical records of all patients with head and neck schwannomas treated at our department from April 1995 to July 2005 were retrospectively reviewed., Results: There was female predominance (67%). The mean age at diagnosis was 48 years. Sixteen (76%) presented with a unilateral neck mass. Eleven schwannomas (52%) were in the parapharyngeal space. The most common nerves of origin were the vagus and the cervical sympathetic chain. The tumour may masquerade as a cervical lymph node and other myriad conditions. Treatment for all but 2 cases was complete excision with nerve preservation. Two cases of facial schwannoma required sacrifice of the affected nerve portion with nerve reconstruction. All facial schwannoma patients suffered postoperative facial palsy with only partial resolution (mean final House-Brackman grade, 3.25/6). Among non-facial schwannoma patients, postoperative neural deficit occurred in 12 with partial to complete resolution in 7. The median follow-up period was 24 months. No schwannoma was malignant and none recurred., Conclusion: Non-vestibular extracranial head and neck schwannomas most frequently present as an innocuous longstanding unilateral parapharyngeal neck mass. Preoperative diagnosis may be aided by fine-needle cytology and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic imaging. The mainstay of treatment is complete intracapsular excision preserving the nerve of origin, but for extensive tumour or facial schwannomas, subtotal resection or nerve sacrifice with reconstruction and rehabilitation are considerations. Surgery on intraparotid facial schwannomas carries considerable morbidity and conservative management has a place in treatment. Early recognition of facial schwannomas is key to optimal treatment.
- Published
- 2007
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