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The main goal of this study is to analyze the magnetic, dielectric, and magneto-dielectric characteristics of Pb1− x La x Ti1− x O 3 - (Ba1–3 x Nd2 x )4Co2Fe36O60 (where x = 0.25) composite material at various temperatures T1-T3 (i.e 1100°C ,1200°C, 1300°C respectively). The X-ray diffraction investigation has been introduced in order to pinpoint the creation of the U-type hexaferrite phase. SEM micrographs reveal that sample sintered at T2 reached the maximum value of grain size and the largest experimental density value of 6.14 g/cm3 due to the composite material's intensified grain growth. The magnetic investigations further indicate that the sample T2 achieved the highest remnant magnetization, measuring 1.550 emu/g, revealing the accuracy of the sintering temperature. The magneto-dielectric investigations demonstrate the presence of multiferroicity in all samples, and came to the conclusion that sample T2 exhibits the highest magneto-dielectric response of 41.99 at 1.2 Tesla and a magneto-dielectric coefficient (γ) of around 0.7609 g2/emu2. Numerous metrics, including nyquist plots, impedance, electrical modulus, dielectric constant, and conductivity, were carefully examined in order to determine the electrical properties of the proposed sample. It was found that sample T2 produced the enhanced results and had the right temperature for the substance to develop.

PURPOSE: The aim is to analyze automated quantification of choriocapillaris flow deficit (CCFD) on swept-source (SS)-optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (TBSLC).METHODS: In this prospective study, automated CCFD calculations were performed on SS-OCTA and compared with CCFD areas on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of paradoxical worsening (PW).RESULTS: Twenty-nine eyes (29 subjects; 18 males; mean age: 33±12 years) were included. The mean CCFD at baseline was 34.9 ± 4.3% on OCTA in eyes without PW and 35.4 ± 5.0% on SS-OCTA with PW (p = .77). At 4 and 12 weeks, CCFD on SS-OCTA improved to 30.6 ± 3.9% and 28.0 ± 4.2% (p < .001) without PW, respectively, and increased to 42.9 ± 4.4% and 48.8 ± 4.1% (p < .001) with PW, respectively. The SS-OCTA CCFD correlated well with ICGA (r = 0.48; p < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Automated quantitative serial assessment of CCFD on SS-OCTA can serve as a useful biomarker of disease activity in eyes with TBSLC.

Background Adiponectin is a novel adipocyte-specific protein, which plays an important role in decreasing insulin resistance and inflammation, and hence can be considered in understanding the underlying mechanisms of both diabetes and periodontitis. As periodontitis and diabetes mellitus share common pathways of pathogenesis, this study was conducted to determine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetics with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods Ten poorly controlled type 2 diabetics (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥ 6.5%) with moderate to severe periodontitis (test group) and 10 age, sex, and body mass index matched systemically healthy patients with moderate to severe periodontitis (control group) were recruited. All the subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum were collected at the baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment for assessment of adiponectin levels.Results Adiponectin levels increased postperiodontal therapy in both the groups, both in GCF (p = 0.206, 0.12) and serum (p = 0.051, 0.06). HbA1c reduced in the test group posttreatment (p = 0.229).Conclusion Nonsurgical periodontal therapy affects adiponectin levels locally as well as systemically thereby leading to improvement of glycemic control.

Tobacco smoking and binge alcohol drinking are two of the leading risk factors for premature mortality worldwide. In India, studies have examined the geographic distributions of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking only at the state-level; sub-state variations and the spatial association between the two consumptions are poorly understood. We analyze the consumption patterns, socio-economic distribution and the household choice of a variety of harmful tobacco and alcohol products across India.

Productivity is the most important determinant of the standard of living of a group of people, a nation or a planet. Productivity in its simplest form is output per hour worked, and its recent slower growth rate is distressing. The great gains in standard of living have come from higher output per hour. That was true of the United States and Europe during the industrial revolution, and its true of Asia in recent years. Gain could, theoretically, have come from a change in distribution: more income going to workers, and less to owners of capital. Despite recent talk about inequality, changes in income distribution have not driven rising living standards over long periods of time. Rising incomes result from rising productivity. Note that when “productivity” is used alone, it usually refers to labor productivity, but the concept can be applied to other factors of production. We sometimes refer to energy productivity (output per unit of energy used), and factory managers look at the ratio of output produced to raw materials used. In this article we focus on GDP productivity using labor, capital and energy as inputs.

Asia is one of the top most vulnerable regions to climate change on the planet and India being an Asian country is home to an extraordinary variety of climatic regions. With India being the second most populated country in the world, this phenomenon presents serious concerns for policymakers in the region given the increasing intensity of hotter temperatures every year. The present study analyses the impact of climate change on economic growth of 13 major states of India over a period of 23 years from 1980-81 to 2002-03 by incorporating temperature and precipitation as proxies for climate change.

Purpose To describe a novel clinical and imaging finding in patients with tubercular posterior uveitis. Methods A retrospective review of 3 cases presented at a tertiary referral eye centre in North India between June 2016 to March 2019 was performed. All the patients had received an initial diagnosis of non-infective etiologies (sympathetic ophthalmia, necrotizing scleritis and lymphoma). Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) were reviewed. Results Three patients (all Asian Indian females: aged 18, 49 and 52 years) diagnosed with panuveitis were investigated for various etiologies based on the initial clinical suspicion. During the course of therapy, all the patients developed peripheral yellow sub-retinal pigment epithelim (RPE) deposits (YSRPE) which appeared hypo-autofluorescent on FAF, and initially hypofluorescent with late hyperfluorescence on FA. The patients were subjected to detailed systemic evaluation and laboratory tests. All the patients showed acid fast bacilli on invasive tissue biopsies. After initiation of anti-tubercular therapy, the lesions resolved in all eyes. Conclusions YSRPE deposits represent a novel and important diagnostic sign of tubercular posterior uveitis.

AIM To analyze the structural features and therapeutic response in clinical and subclinical inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (i-CNV) detected inside subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and SS-OCT angiography (SS-OCTA). METHODS In this prospective interventional study, subjects with quiescent posterior uveitis presenting with SHRM on SS-OCT and CNV network on SS-OCTA were included. Subjects with intraretinal fluid/subretinal fluid (IRF/SRF) received intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections, while those with no IRF/SRF either received treatment or observation for 6 months until they developed IRF/SRF or decrease in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)/metamorphopsia. Serial comparisons included SHRM width and height and intrinsic flow signal on OCTA. RESULTS 28 eyes of 22 subjects (12 males; mean age: 29.52 ± 12.56 years) were evaluated. Subjects with IRF/SRF at baseline (n = 6 eyes; termed as exudative iCNVs) receiving treatment showed significant improvement in BCVA (p = .017), SHRM width/height and flow signal (p

1. Selective logging—the practice of removing a subset of commercially important trees from a forest—is a globally pervasive form of forest degradation. Selective logging alters both the structure and function of forests and the composition of ecological communities.2. Tropical insectivorous birds are highly vulnerable to microhabitat alterations in logged forest. Such altered microhabitats might affect the foraging of forest birds by altering (a) resource availability, and (b) foraging behaviour.3. We investigated the effect of selective logging on microclimates, prey availability, foraging behaviour and the foraging success of eastern Himalayan birds in the breeding season.4. Selective logging alters temperature-humidity microclimates and the composition of arthropod communities, both of which are likely to then collectively alter foraging behaviour by birds. We show that birds spent a lower proportion of their time foraging in primary compared with logged forest. Further, selective logging interacts with species traits such as body mass, preferred foraging stratum (understorey, midstorey or canopy) and foraging manoeuvre to influence foraging success. Gleaners generally foraged more successfully in primary forest and salliers in logged forest, although these patterns were modified by body mass and foraging stratum.5. Synthesis and applications: Our study shows how altered microclimates in anthropogenically modified habitats can influence resource availability and have downstream impacts on the behaviour of species at higher trophic levels.

Organic pollutant and dyes released into the environment by industries have been highly harmful and toxic for humans as well as for the environment. Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduction form, one of the allotropes of carbon family, were investigated for the removal of pollutant dyes. GO nano-powder was synthesized using an improved version of Hummer’s method and further thermally reduced at different temperatures 125, 150, 175, and 200 °C in the vacuum ambient. An intense (002) diffraction peak was observed at 2θ=9.136° for the pristine GO in the X-ray diffraction spectra which is gradually shifted towards the higher angles with the reduction, and it disappeared if the GO sample reduced at 200°C. I D /I G ratio for GO nano-powder in the Raman spectra decreased from 0.94 to 0.76 due to reduction. GO shows a characteristic absorption band at 3395 cm -1 in Fourier transform infra-red spectra corresponding to stretching of hydroxyl (–OH) group, this peak is flattened with the thermal reduction but not eliminated completely. The band gap of pristine GO significantly reduced from 2.31 to 0.73 eV with the reduction as measured by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. Dye adsorption and photocatalytic degradation behaviour of the pristine GO and reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) was examined towards methylene blue dye for 10 mg of GO/rGOs powder in 50 ml of 50 ppm solution by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Pristine GO showed potential adsorption capacity and dye was degraded up to 85.78% within 15 minutes and around 97% after 4 hrs. Meanwhile, highest 47.58% photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue was achieved for the rGO sample reduced at 150°C in the presence of visible light of 100 watt.

Moringa is one of the promising crop high nutritional and therapeutic values. While drying of moringa leaves, there is significant loss in physical, chemical and nutritional composition of leaves. So, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different treatment and drying method (solar and convective) on physico-chemical quality of moringa leaves. Moringa leaves that were sorted, washed and surface dried were considered non-treated whereas leaves that were blanched at 7.5 min after sorting were considered treated. The following samples were dried in three dryers viz., PAU advanced domestic solar dryer, PAU domestic solar dryer and convective tray dryer. Samples that were treated had better physico-chemical quality than untreated sample. Similarly, samples dried in PAU advanced domestic solar dryer had better quality retention i.e. had low moisture content, low colour change, higher protein content, higher ascorbic acid and higher total antioxidant activity.

PURPOSE To compare the differences between clinical, demographic, and multimodal imaging features of choroidal granulomas associated with tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. DESIGN Retrospective comparative case series. METHODS Clinical features and fundus imaging including fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography of patients with tuberculomas and sarcoid choroidal granulomas seen at three tertiary care centers were reviewed. The differences between clinical appearance including morphology of the lesions (size, shape, extent), vascularity, and multimodal imaging features were compared. Repeated measures logistic regression with a multi-level random effects model was used to assess characteristics of individual granulomas that could predict the underlying etiology. RESULTS The study included 47 eyes of 38 patients (22 with tuberculomas and 16 with sarcoid granulomas; total of 138 granulomas). Patients with tuberculoma were significantly younger (33.8±10.1 versus 48.6±14.3 years; p=0.002), but no gender differences were observed. In comparison with sarcoid granulomas, tuberculomas were solitary (p

Introduction: With the advent of wide field (WF) and ultra-wide field (UWF) imaging in color fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (FA), the importance of an expanded field-of-view (FOV) has been illustrated for early detection of several chorioretinal disorders. The need to bring similar utility to optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is imperative.Areas covered: For this review, we explored all research items with WF or UWF on Pubmed Central and Google Scholar. Software-based methods included algorithms for motion correction, artifact reduction, image pre-processing, post-processing and montage protocols while hardware methods included swept-source OCTA, faster scanning sources, hardware-based motion tracking and image registration, scanning sources with faster speeds and lower resolution. For various disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, vascular disorders, among others, the increased FOV showed demonstrably increased detection rates and diagnostic yield.Expert opinion: Increased FOV in OCTA imaging is a meaningful and impactful step in ophthalmic imaging. Overcoming the hardware-based limitations can potentially yield higher FOV without loss of important details. In addition to improvements in the hardware and available equipment, better software tools and image processing algorithms may greatly enhance the utility of UWF OCTA in care of patients with various retinochoroidal diseases.

Topic An international, expert-led consensus initiative organized by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS), along with the International Ocular Inflammation Society and the International Uveitis Study Group, systematically developed evidence- and experience-based recommendations for the treatment of tubercular choroiditis. Clinical relevance The diagnosis and management of tubercular uveitis (TBU) pose a significant challenge. Current guidelines and literature are insufficient to guide physicians regarding the initiation of antitubercular therapy (ATT) in patients with TBU. Methods An international expert steering subcommittee of the COTS group identified clinical questions and conducted a systematic review of the published literature on the use of ATT for tubercular choroiditis. Using an interactive online questionnaire, guided by background knowledge from published literature, 81 global experts (including ophthalmologists, pulmonologists, and infectious disease physicians) generated preliminary consensus statements for initiating ATT in tubercular choroiditis, using Oxford levels of medical evidence. In total, 162 statements were identified regarding when to initiate ATT in patients with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis, tuberculoma, and tubercular focal or multifocal choroiditis. The COTS group members met in November 2018 to refine these statements by a 2-step modified Delphi process. Results Seventy consensus statements addressed the initiation of ATT in the 3 subtypes of tubercular choroiditis, and in addition, 10 consensus statements were developed regarding the use of adjunctive therapy in tubercular choroiditis. Experts agreed on initiating ATT in tubercular choroiditis in the presence of positive results for any 1 of the positive immunologic tests along with radiologic features suggestive of tuberculosis. For tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis and tuberculoma, positive results from even 1 positive immunologic test were considered sufficient to recommend ATT, even if there were no radiologic features suggestive of tuberculosis. Discussion Consensus guidelines were developed to guide the initiation of ATT in patients with tubercular choroiditis, based on the published literature, expert opinion, and practical experience, to bridge the gap between clinical need and available medical evidence.

Topic The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS), supported by the International Ocular Inflammation Society, International Uveitis Study Group, and Foster Ocular Immunological Society, set up an international, expert-led consensus project to develop evidence- and experience-based guidelines for the management of tubercular uveitis (TBU). Clinical Relevance The absence of international agreement on the use of antitubercular therapy (ATT) in patients with TBU contributes to a significant heterogeneity in the approach to the management of this condition. Methods Consensus statements for the initiation of ATT in TBU were generated using a 2-step modified Delphi technique. In Delphi step 1, a smart web-based survey based on background evidence from published literature was prepared to collect the opinion of 81 international experts on the use of ATT in different clinical scenarios. The survey included 324 questions related to tubercular anterior uveitis (TAU), tubercular intermediate uveitis (TIU), tubercular panuveitis (TPU), and tubercular retinal vasculitis (TRV) administered by the experts, after which the COTS group met in November 2019 for a systematic and critical discussion of the statements in accordance with the second round of the modified Delphi process. Results Forty-four consensus statements on the initiation of ATT in TAU, TIU, TPU, and TRV were obtained, based on ocular phenotypes suggestive of TBU and corroborative evidence of tuberculosis, provided by several combinations of immunologic and radiologic test results. Experts agreed on initiating ATT in recurrent TAU, TIU, TPU, and active TRV depending on the TB endemicity. In the presence of positive results for any 1 of the immunologic tests along with radiologic features suggestive of past evidence of tuberculosis infection. In patients with a first episode of TAU, consensus to initiate ATT was reached only if both immunologic and radiologic test results were positive. Discussion The COTS consensus guidelines were generated based on the evidence from published literature, specialists’ opinions, and logic construction to address the initiation of ATT in TBU. The guidelines also should inform public policy by adding specific types of TBU to the list of conditions that should be treated as tuberculosis.

Background: Periodontal dressings are used for wound protection and patient comfort. Nano-silver particles have the ability to promote wound healing through anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate early wound healing parameters following periodontal surgery using nano-crystalline silver membrane as periodontal dressing. Materials and Methods: Forty-two systemically healthy patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis indicated for periodontal flap surgery were enrolled for the present study. Post surgery, the patients were randomly allocated to either a nano-crystalline silver dressing (Acticoat™) group (test group) or only the noneugenol dressing group (control group). Plaque index (PI) and wound healing index were recorded at the 7th- and 14th-day postsurgery. The microbiological analysis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were evaluated at baseline and 7th-day postsurgery. Results: The healing index was significantly higher in the test group as compared to the control group at days 7 and 14 (P < 0.001; P < 0.001). The colony-forming units/ml count of bacteria were significantly reduced postsurgery in the test group (P = 0.019). VEGF levels increased significantly 7th-day postsurgery in the test group (P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the PI on the 7th-day postsurgery between the two groups (P = 0.173). Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that silver can be used as a potent periodontal dressing ingredient that can decrease the microbial colonization beneath the pack and promote faster healing postsurgery due to its antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis of polycrystalline (Pb1-xNdx)(Ti1-xFex)O3(for x = 0.21–0.30) solid solutions using solid-state reaction method has been reported. The structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties of the resulting solid solutions have been investigated in detail. The XRD data show that the phase transition occurs at 0.27 ≤ x ≤ 0.28 at room temperature. The dielectric studies show that the transition temperature continuously decreases with increasing “x”. So it is clearly evident from XRD and dielectric data that the tetragonal to cubic phase transition occurs at x = 0.27 to x = 0.28 at room temperature. The remnant polarization (Pr) decreases from 19.78 μC/cm2 to 11.13 µC/cm2 gradually up to x = 0.25 whereas other samples exhibit lossy behavior. The remnant magnetization (Mr) continuously increases from 0.068 emu/g to 0.467 emu/g with composition. All samples exhibit a positive magnetoelectric effect which is the strongest in x = 0.22 sample.

To study the utility of MultiColor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope imaging (MCI) in identifying the morphology of uveitic lesions compared with conventional color fundus photography (CFP) in patients with posterior uveitis.In this prospective observational study, subjects with posterior uveitis underwent MCI and CFP. The images obtained by the two modalities were analyzed by two independent reviewers for vitreoretinal surface abnormalities, retinal fluid and hemorrhages, and depth/location of lesions. These findings were compared with the clinical findings and other imaging techniques.Sixty-nine eyes of 43 patients (25 men) with mean age of 33.5 ± 13.9 years were studied. MultiColor imaging had better sensitivity and specificity in detecting vitreoretinal interface abnormalities, such as epiretinal membrane and inner retinal striae, compared with CFP. MultiColor imaging failed to detect retinochoroiditis lesions in 5 of 6 eyes (83%) and choroiditis in 9 46 eyes (20%), which were detected on CFP and clinical examination. Also, MCI showed a high false-positive rate of 34% in detecting intraretinal hemorrhages.Retinochoroidal lesions in posterior uveitis may be poorly identified on MCI compared with CFP and clinical examination. One must exercise caution in commenting on disease morphology based on MCI alone.

PURPOSE To report the frequency, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and visual and anatomic outcomes of patients with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease presenting with the bacillary layer detachment (BLD) (intraretinal split at the photoreceptor inner segment myoid). METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease having a minimum follow-up of 6 months. All patients had swept-source OCT, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography performed at baseline. The characteristics of serial swept-source OCT were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-two subjects (42 women; age: 34.2 ± 12 years) with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease were included. 118 eyes (95.2%) had serous retinal detachment at presentation. 112 eyes (94.9%) showed the BLD at baseline. In 8 of 112 (7.1%) eyes with the BLD, the external limiting membrane at the anterior aspect of the BLD showed focal discontinuity. The interdigitation zone at the base of the BLD showed discontinuity in 53 of 112 (47.3%) eyes with the BLD. The ellipsoid zone could not be identified as a separate hyperreflective line at the base of the BLD in 102 of 112 eyes (91.1%). Bacillary layer detachments resolved within 3.4 ± 1.3 days after intravenous methylprednisolone therapy with improvement in the best-corrected visual acuity from 0.96 to 0.4 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/184 Snellen's equivalent) (P < 0.001). Resolution of serous retinal detachment was observed after 5.9 ± 2.6 days. CONCLUSION In eyes with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, the BLD is a common finding and represents a split in the photoreceptor layer at the inner segment myoid and can be differentiated from serous retinal detachment using swept-source OCT. In addition, resolution of the BLD and photoreceptor recovery can be evaluated using serial swept-source OCT.

Purpose To analyze and describe serial follow-up of choriocapillaris alterations in tubercular serpiginouslike choroiditis (SLC) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to compare it with multimodal imaging. Methods In this prospective cohort study, patients with active tubercular SLC underwent OCTA using Optovue RTVue XR Avanti and other imaging techniques including enhanced-depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) (Heidelberg Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. Serial imaging was performed for a total follow-up of 3 months. Choriocapillaris alterations at the site of lesions were analyzed on OCTA imaging, and their mean lesion areas were calculated. Results Twenty-six eyes (26 patients; 20 males; mean age: 32.68 ± 10.56 years) were included. Fourteen eyes had active multifocal lesions (n = 39), whereas 12 eyes had active placoid lesions (n = 12). At baseline, OCTA showed hyporeflective flow deficit lesions corresponding to the hypofluorescent lesions on indocyanine green angiography in all eyes. In the multifocal type of SLC, the mean lesion area decreased in all eyes compared with baseline, and lesions with a lesion area less than 0.1 mm2 on OCTA showed near-complete resolution with minimal choriocapillaris atrophy. In comparison, all eyes with a placoid type of SLC showed no significant reduction in the lesion area and showed extensive choriocapillaris atrophy. Conclusion Optical coherence tomography angiography has the unique ability to demonstrate pathological flow impairment at the level of choriocapillaris in active tubercular SLC. Serial OCTA analysis reveals that large tubercular SLC lesions result in choriocapillaris atrophy as the lesions heal, whereas smaller multifocal lesions show resolution of choriocapillaris hypoperfusion with minimal atrophy.

To report the clinical findings, anatomical features, and treatment outcomes in subjects with ocular tuberculosis (OTB) at 24 months in the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1. Of the ...

In this study, bioglass (BG)‑iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanocomposite coating was developed to produce bioactive and antibacterial coatings. The nanocomposite coating was embedded in chitosan (CS) matrix and coating was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The coating was characterized by using SEM/EDX and XRD respectively. The experiment was performed with three varying concentrations (1, 3, 5 (wt%)) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by the co- precipitation method in the bioactive glass coating. The antibacterial activity was examined in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria which determine that the growth of microorganisms was inhibited with the progressive increment of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The bioactivity assessment was done in PBS for 7 days and it was detected that the composite coatings improve the bone-bonding ability which was again confirmed by SEM-EDX. The corrosion behavior was evaluated in Ringer's solution by electrochemical test. The corrosion analysis revealed that the BG-1% Fe3O4 nanocomposite coating has superior corrosion resistance as compared to the other coatings. The findings of the research have shown that the BG-Fe3O4-CS nanocomposite coating can be widely used as a suitable material for orthopedic applications.