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Krooninen nenän tukkoisuus on yleinen ongelma ja se voi vaikuttaa epäsuotuisasti potilaiden elämänlaatuun vaikuttamalla esimerkiksi hengitykseen sekä unen laatuun. Sen taustalla on usein nenäontelon alakuorikoiden liikakasvu, jota voidaan hoitaa kirurgisesti erilaisilla toimenpiteillä. Suurimmassa osassa aiemmista tutkimuksista on saatu viitteitä siitä, että alakuorikkokirurgia parantaa potilaiden elämänlaatua mutta sitä ei ole aiemmin tutkittu lumekontrolloidussa tutkimuksessa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tarkastella kolmen eri alakuorikoihin kohdistuvan toimenpiteen (radiotaajuushoito, imuleikkuriavusteinen turbinoplastia, diodilaserhoito) sekä lumetoimenpiteen vaikutusta potilaiden elämänlaatuun. Tutkimukseen valittiin 98 potilasta, jotka kärsivät kroonisesta nenän tukkoisuudesta. Alakuorikon liikakasvun toteamiseksi oli tutkimuksessa vaatimuksena potilaan pitkäaikaiset oireet, nenäontelon löydöksenä molempien puolien alakuorikoiden turvotus sekä molempien kuorikoiden vaste limakalvoa supistaville lääkkeille. Potilaat satunnaistettiin ja sokkoutettiin neljään eri hoitoryhmään suoritettavien toimenpiteiden mukaan suhteessa 1:2:2:2 (lumetoimenpide, radiotaajuushoito, imuleikkuriavusteinen turbinoplastia, diodilaserhoito). Toimenpide suoritettiin Tampereen yliopistollisessa sairaalassa korva-, nenä- ja kurkkutautien klinikalla paikallispuudutuksessa. Sokkoutuksen varmistamiseksi potilailla oli silmät peitettynä toimenpiteen ajan. Elämänlaatua arvioitiin Glasgow Health Status Inventory- kyselyllä. Kysely täytettiin ennen toimenpidettä sekä kolme kuukautta sen jälkeen. Kaikki kolme toimenpidettä sekä myös lumetoimenpide paransivat elämänlaatua tilastollisesti merkittävästi. Toimenpiteiden välillä ei kuitenkaan havaittu eroja. Kun toimenpiteitä verrattiin lumehoitoon, vain imuleikkuriavusteisen turbinoplastian havaittiin parantavan elämänlaatua tilastollisesti merkittävästi enemmän. Jotta voitaisiin arvioida pidemmän aikavälin vaikutuksia, tarvitaan kuitenkin tutkimuksia, joissa on pidempi seuranta-aika.

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää nuorten kouluyhteisössä syntyvien kokemusten ja liikkumisen välisiä yhteyksiä. Kokemuksellisuutta tarkastellaan nuorten kokeman sosiaalisen tuen sekä subjektiivisen sosiaalisen aseman näkökulmista. Sosiaalinen tuki koostuu yläkoululaisten kokemuksista opettajan ja oppilaan välisistä suhteista, oppilaiden keskinäisistä suhteista sekä vanhemmilta saadusta tuesta. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin sähköisenä kyselynä keväällä 2015, ja tutkimukseen osallistui 2 026 yläkoululaista. Nuoret jaettiin kuuteen ryhmään sen mukaan, millaista sosiaalista tukea he kokivat saavansa. Vahvaksi koettu tuki yhdistyi korkeammaksi koettuun sosiaaliseen asemaan koulussa. Vanhemmilta saatu tuki oli suoraan yhteydessä nuorten liikkumiseen. Luokkakavereiden tuki oli yhteydessä nuorten liikkumiseen koulussa koetun subjektiivisen sosiaalisen aseman kautta. Kokemus opettajilta saadusta tuesta ei ollut yhteydessä liikkumiseen. Kouluun liittyvissä sosiaalisissa verkostoissa muodostuvat erilaiset subjektiiviset kokemukset ovat yhteydessä nuorten liikkumiseen, ja ne tulisikin huomioida jatkossa nykyistä paremmin pohdittaessa nuorten liikkumisen lisäämisen mahdollisuuksia. Koululla on mahdollisuuksia tasoittaa perhetaustasta kumpuavia eroja nuorten liikkumisessa omilla toimenpiteillään. Toimenpiteissä pitäisi korostaa koulun henkilökunnan roolin sijaan nykyistä voimakkaammin nuorten vertaissuhteita. This study examines the associations between adolescents’ physical activity and their experiences in the school community. The experiences considered here are subjective social status at school and social support, which in this study consists of teacher-student relationships, student-to-student relationships, and support from parents. The data were collected via a survey in spring 2015, in which 2,026 adolescents participated. The adolescents were divided into six groups according to the type of social support they felt they would receive. Strong social support was positively associated with subjective social status at school. Support from parents, but not from teachers, was associated with physical activity. Support from classmates was associated with physical activity through the subjective social status at school. These experiences should be taken into account when considering the possibilities of increasing adolescents’ physical activity. School-based interventios shoud place greater emphasis on peer relations rather than on the role of school staff. peerReviewed

Introduction: Despite substantial interest in the development of health behaviors, there is limited research that has examined the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and smoking trajectories from youth to adulthood in a Finnish population. This study aimed to identify trajectories of smoking and PA for males and females, and study the relationship between these trajectories from youth to adulthood. Methods: Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify trajectories of smoking and PA separately for males and females among 3355 Finnish adults (52.1% females). Participants&rsquo, smoking and PA were assessed five to eight times over a 31-year period (3&ndash, 18 years old at the baseline, 34&ndash, 49 years at last follow-up). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the trajectories of smoking and PA. Results: Five smoking trajectories and four to five PA trajectories were identified for males and females. Of the PA trajectory groups, the persistently active group were least likely to follow the trajectories of regular smoking and the inactive and low active groups were least likely to follow non-smoking trajectory group. Likewise, inactive (women only) and low active groups were less likely to belong to the non-smokers group. Conclusions: The study suggests that those who are persistently active or increasingly active have substantially reduced probabilities of being in the highest-risk smoking categories.

Aim: The aim of this prospective four-year follow-up study was to examine how socioeconomic status (SES) and change in marital status are associated with the change in pedometer-measured physical activity (PA) in adulthood among participants in the ‘Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study’. Methods: Questionnaires were completed and pedometers worn at baseline in 2007 and again at follow-up in 2011 by 1051 Finnish adults (62.3% female, aged 30–45 years in 2007). A latent change score model was used to examine mean change in daily total steps, aerobic steps and non-aerobic steps during weekdays and weekend days between 2007 and 2011. Results: In women re-coupling or finding a new partner was associated with decrease in total steps (p=0.010) and being single was associated with increase in non-aerobic steps (p=0.047) during weekdays from 2007 to 2011 compared to women who were married. In men, divorcing was associated with decrease in non-aerobic steps (p=0.049). Conclusions: In order to promote PA in the general population of adults, it is recommended to pay attention to people with lower SES and those who have had changes in their marital status. These factors could be taken into account when developing strategies to promote PA among the adult population. peerReviewed

Purpose: The long‐term effects of sociodemographic and health characteristics on television viewing (TV) time changes have not been identified in adulthood. We aimed to examine the modifiable and non‐modifiable determinants of changes in TV‐time in young adults over 10 years.Methods: Participants (N = 2929) aged 24‐39 years were recruited between 2001 and 2011 from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Data were collected using questionnaires and a medical examination. The determinants of changes in TV‐time were estimated using latent growth modeling for men and women separately.Results: For men, inverse associations with initial levels of TV‐time were observed for students becoming employed and already has children, and direct associations were observed for both those who stayed a smoker and those who stayed overweight/obese. Increasing attention to health habits was inversely associated with a slope of TV‐time, whereas age and becoming unemployed were positively associated with the slope of TV‐time. For women, inverse associations with the levels of TV‐time were found for age, staying in non‐manual work, and paying consistently high and increasing attention to health habits, and direct associations were found for staying unemployed, smoking and overweight/obese, and becoming employed, single and non‐smoking. Increasing physical activity, becoming employed, motherhood, and normal weight were inversely associated with the slope of TV‐time, whereas age and staying in non‐manual work were positively associated with the slope of TV‐time.Conclusions: This suggests several gender‐specific determinants of changes in TV‐time that can help identify potential targets for interventions to prevent excessive TV‐time in adulthood. peerReviewed

Determining lifelong physical activity (PA) trajectories and their determinants is essential to promote a physically active lifestyle throughout the life-course. We aimed to identify PA trajectories from childhood to midlife and their determinants in a longitudinal population-based cohort. This study is a part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. From 1980, a population-based cohort (N = 3596; 1764 boys/1832 girls, age 3-18 years) has been followed up for 31 years. PA indices were formed based on self-reported data (between age 9-49 years) on frequency, duration, and intensity of leisure (during childhood) or high-intensity (at later age) PA and on sports club participation/competitions. PA trajectories were analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling. Childhood (age 12 years), young adulthood (age 24 years), and early midlife (age 37 years) determinants were analyzed. Five PA trajectories were identified: persistently active (6.6%), decreasingly active (13.9%), increasingly active (13.5%), persistently low active (51.4%, reference group), persistently inactive (14.6%). In childhood, rural residential area (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.96) and high academic performance (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.58-3.00) associated with persistently active group. In early midlife, smoking (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.07-2.58) associated with persistently inactive group, regular alcohol drinking (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.12-7.55) with persistently active group and having children (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.27-3.38) with decreasingly active group. High adulthood education associated with both decreasingly (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.05-3.35) and increasingly (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.19-3.68) active groups. We identified five PA trajectories from childhood into midlife. Most prominent determinants were academic achievement, education, having children and health habits (i.e. smoking/alcohol use). peerReviewed

The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a computerassessed test battery widely use in different populations. The internal consistency and one-year stability of CANTAB tests were examined in school-aged children. Two hundred-thirty children (57% girls) from 5 schools in the Jyväskylä school district in Finland participated in the study in spring 2011. The children completed the following CANTAB tests: a) visual memory (Pattern Recognition Memory [PRM] and Spatial Recognition Memory [SRM]), b) executive function (Spatial Span [SSP], Stockings of Cambridge [SOC], and Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift [IED]), and c) attention (Reaction Time [RTI] and Rapid Visual Information Processing [RVP]). Seventy-four children participated in the follow-up measurements (64% girls) in spring 2012. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was used to estimate the internal consistency of the nonhampering test, and structural equation models were applied to examine the stability of these tests. The reliability and the stability could not be determined for IED or SSP because of the nature of these tests. The internal consistency was acceptable only in the RTI task. The one-year stability was moderate-to-good for the PRM, RTI, and RVP. The SSP and IED showed a moderate correlation between the two measurement points. The SRM and the SOC tasks were not reliable or stable measures in this study population. For research purposes, we recommend using structural equation modeling to improve reliability. The results suggest that the reliability and the stability of computer-based test batteries should be confirmed in the target population before using them for clinical or research purposes. peerReviewed