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Besides the leisure purposes, tourism is one of the key elements supporting a better quality of people life. However, striving for success in tourism development and management is challenging. This study aims to assess the success factors of Pha Mi indigenous tourism (PMIT) development for sustainability in the light of the sustainable development challenges faced, as well as opportunities available to local residents. A mixed method approach was applied, which employed in-depth interviews, focus groups and participatory rural appraisal for the qualitative. In The quantitative, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using structural equation modelling (SEM). To highlight the challenges, cultivating the sense of indigenous pride and preservation, as well as providing knowledge on health safety, security, ecological systems and local product development are crucial. On the other hand, cooperation with tourism stakeholders, the marketing issues related to the promotion of tourism and transportation are opportunities. However, negative aspects were also revealed in terms of the local residents’ behaviour changes in daily life consumption i.e. food and dressing. Of great significance is that the tourism stakeholders’ cooperation has a great impact on PMIT sustainable development. That is the engagement of stakeholders in providing innovative knowledge, in assisting local residents to design and develop products and services, as well as in dealing with PMIT funding and promotional issues.

Coffee was used as a symbiosis key value attracting tourists in community-based tourism at Pang Khon village, Chiang Rai, Thailand. The mixed method was applied. The data collected by administering in-depth interview, focus group, participatory rural appraisal, and participatory observation amongst the public, private and community for qualitative data collection. Whereas, the questionnaires were employed for quantitative data collection. The structural equation modelling was applied to compliment and foster the qualitative data. The sample group composes of public entity including local government, Tourism Authority of Thailand Chiang Rai officers, officers from ministry of tourism and sport of Thailand [MOT’s officers], Pang Khon villagers, restaurant and private travel agencies, hoteliers, local transport providers, and tourists. The economic, education, emotion, research, and experience values were discovered. To assess coffee symbiosis value to community-based tourism. The mixed method research was employed by using in-depth interview, focus group, participatory rural appraisal, participatory for qualitative approach. The quantitative approach was conducted by using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results found coffee create economic, education, emotion, research, and experience values to community-based tourism. The author would recommend the policy makers highlighting on innovation of new products and services. The promotion should emphasize on the source of coffee plantation in community. That is taste of fresh coffee from its origin. However, the fair distribution of revenue to local residents shall be well-planned for dynamic cooperation and improvement of community economic.

The pandemic of COVID-19 has extreme impact than the intense competitors in airlines industry that never turn up in history. It derailed all airlines’ operations, company’s structure, strategy, and its markets which is highly impact to Thailand’s tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to assess the managerial practices of low-cost carriers (LCCs) to enhance the organization’s performance during COVID-19. The managerial practices concern with strategic human resources management, organizational culture, high competence personnel, and risk management affect to organizational structure. The quantitative was administered to four anonymous low-cost airlines operating in Thailand. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 150 person of each airline, hence there were 600 samples in total. The descriptive statistic and path analysis were applied. The results found that LCCs stressed greatly on the high competence personnel, followed by organizational culture, risk management, and strategic human resource management affecting organizational structure that led to efficiency and competitiveness of organization. To investigate the effect of management issues of strategic human resources management (SHRM), organizational culture (OC), high competence personnel (HQP), and risk management (RM) on low-cost carriers (LCC) in Thailand toward organizational structure (OS) which result to the competitiveness of high-performance organization (CHPO). The quantitative approach was employed by using structural equation modelling for path analysis. The data was collected by using questionnaires. There were 600 samplings from four anonymous low-cost airlines. The results found that LCCs stressed greatly on the high competence personnel, followed by organizational culture, risk management, and strategic human resource management affecting organizational structure that led to competitiveness of organization. The authors would recommend LCCs to refocus its practices to strategic human resource management during the crisis. Since, the human resource management is dealing with organization changes through the leadership and organizational culture. Finally, researchers have developed the model creating organizational structure.

The eight new concepts of picture fuzzy sets in UP (BCC)-algebras are introduced by Kankaew et al. in 2022. This idea is extended to the lower and upper level subsets of picture fuzzy sets in UP (BCC)-algebras. Moreover, we define a picture fuzzy set in the same way as a characteristic function and study its characterizations from the related subset.

This academic article reviews the air transport in Thailand, specifically the situation and the outlook. The authors surveyed and collect the data from secondary sources both internally and internationally including the public sector annual report, private, and academicians. The situation has been predicted into three phase cases including; best case scenario, moderate, and worst-case scenario. Additionally, the service quality, the reskills and upskills for employee acquiring new skills, the organization transformation, and the technology adaptation are required. More importantly, the health safety plan and policies of air carriers shall be implemented and communicate to the public to assure their safe journey. Meanwhile, the adoption of technology could also minimize the repetitive work and human contact but it could provide new air travel experiences. The earliest the air transport industry was revitalized; it means the socioeconomic improvement.

The case study has purpose on the knowledge sharing behavior requires other variables to be involved. The pattern of human resource development and transportation management needs to understand the behavior of employees and consumers that lead to the return of consumption, which in this case means the business process, to formulate the human resource management to organize the specialize knowledge to do transportation job in the risky province. It is evident that the implementation of the predominant behavior is often ambiguous. This is necessary to explore the effect of the transmitted behavior in order to identify the outcome that guild to desirable behavior for transportation business. Policy plans in existing risky areas that adjust people's attitudes should adjust the management in the area to make employees aware of safety, including formulating strategic plans that highlight the quality of service leading to the satisfaction for stakeholders, and enhancing the capability of company personnel who have to regularly interact with consumers. Therefore, the model adopted in this study is considered to be an important part in improving the management in people that facing the risk of terrorism area and epidemic crisis, as well as providing future guidelines to crisis management.

The Thainess is embedded in Thais. And, it is more clearly can be seen when a person was cultivated in the school system. In this academic paper highlights the symbiosis of Thainess in hospitality industry, as such hotel comparatively to the air transport as strategy. The authors have studied researches, books, and airlines’ website strategies. Thainess is a unique customer experience offering, specifically the full-service airline “Thai Airways” as national flag carriers propose the service ‘Thai Touch’ through human six senses namely; seeing, smelling, savoring of teste, sounding, touching, and heartfelt feeling. While, Bangkok Airways represents the uniqueness of Thai culture symbiosis with products and services, such as airport terminal, aircraft decoration, and snack serving in all its lounges. On the other hand, low-cost carriers are commonly practicing the Thai culture in welcoming passengers as “wai”. Additionally, the low-cost carriers are presenting and blending their organizational culture in service, for instance fun, energetic, and friendly. Besides, low-cost airlines stress on price competition rather than Thainess. As an illustration, ThaiVietair excels on keen and dedicated workforces, prompt, reliable, and competitive price. As well as, Thai Lion Air presents the kebaya uniform which was originally from Indonesia.

One of the most notable tourism occurring in the global travel industry today is the growing of trans-boundary tourism especially in context of ASEAN countries. Thailand in particularly, has faced with the dramatically growth of tourist numbers across the border area of R3A (Thailand, Lao People’s Democratic Republic and the Southern Republic of China) in addition to immerging negative impacts to the destinations and their local communities. To maximize benefits from the situation, this study aims to investigate the potential and readiness of trans-boundary tourism system and types of tourism that promoting tourism linkage with-in the travelling route of R3A. Four case studies were investigated including Chiang Khong district in Thailand, Luang Namtha in Laos PDR, Xishuangbanna and Kunming in the Southern Republic of China.

The managerial values have been changed overtime, because of external environment situations. It is also shaping leadership style in each era of the changes. This article, the authors aim to review the managerial values changing overtime from agricultural, to industrial revolution, computerization, technology, and until today the digitalization era. In each era, there were various scholar proposed management concept and values. Presently, some concepts are still in use, and each concept requires different leadership styles that affecting to organizational performancestrive to success its goals. The most well-known leadership styles are transactional and transformational style. Today, in digital era where artificial intelligent applied and things change swiftly, unpredictably. The leadership style in this era, the authors proposed leader should transform to ‘digitalizationalleader’.

The airline is one of the highly intense competition, in the meantime it is the most vulnerable industry to external environment.Importantly, the service quality is remarkably affecting to the customer’s preference choosing to fly. This study aims to assess the competencies of ground service agent that affecting passenger’s satisfaction. The quantitative method was applied. The descriptive statistic, factor analysis, multiple regression, and structural equation modelling were administered. The data collected by using questionnaires from 800 passengers. The sample group divided into two groups including 400 passengers who use low-cost airline, and 400 passengers who use full-service airline operating in Thailand. The results found that the most prefer competencies from the passenger are understanding the cultural diversity with continuous learning to achieving the career path, having service-oriented mind with ethics and morals, and having a good social interaction and teamwork.

The dynamic changes, the fast growing of technology, causing unpredictable environment that forces people to live with tension. Man must learn to adapt oneself mentally to the changing phenomenal. The mindset is crucial for a workplace and chaotic society. This article, the author has reviewed religious concept and the U theory form secondary data. The purpose is to propose the development of people emphasis on their mindset by employing the alignment of the two concepts in the educational system in Thailand. These two concepts accent to cultivate in the deepest mind of human. It enhances people to have consciousness, being an open mind, open heart, and open will. As a result, making people to live with others harmoniously, peacefully, seeing things as it is, and aware of their thought and temper that might lead to intolerable situations.

A robust cell wall and well-organized thylakoid cyanobacteria can be candidates as a promising resource for C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and intracellular applications in various biotechnological areas. However, the development of extraction techniques with minimal chemical contamination to obtain the components remains an ongoing challenge. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of C-PC and intracellular extraction from Ocillatoria okeni TISTR8549 utilizing freezing-thaw (FT), pulsed electric field (PEF), and high-pressure homogenization (HPH) techniques. Additionally, the potential of O. okeni extract as a supplement and substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS) in HaCaT cell culture was investigated. FT appeared to be the most proper method for C-PC extraction, yielding the highest purity and yield, although requiring 18 cycles for product accomplishment. PEF seemed unsuitable for intracellular component extraction from cyanobacteria with thick cell walls. The need for increased pulses resulted in thermal elevation and prolonged incubation times led to protein degradation. HPH proves to be an effective method for intracellular extraction, yielding high protein content suitable for the potential substitution of FBS in mammalian cell culture. Particularly, increasing pressure during HPH extraction leads to a decrease in protein yield. Resazurin and SRB assays revealed that adding algal extract in culture medium at concentrations of 1 % (w / v) improved HaCaT cell viability without disrupting cell morphology and metabolic processes. However, substituting algal extract in FBS resulted in cell proliferation decrease. Therefore, supplementing O. okeni extract during cell culture improved HaCaT cell proliferation, but it was unsuitable substitute for FBS in the culture medium. However, the feasibility of employing algal extracts as FBS replacements in cell culture is interesting and warrants further detailed investigation into the specific intracellular components that could serve as substitutes for FBS. Such an approach could offer an alternative source, mitigating ethical concerns and reducing costs associated with FBS usage. [Display omitted] • Freezing-thaw appears to be the most suitable method for C-PC extraction from robust cells. • High-pressure homogenization proves to be the best method for intracellular extraction. • O. okeni extract improves HaCaT cell proliferation without disrupting cellular metabolic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to extend the concept of picture fuzzy sets in UP-algebras to picture fuzzy soft sets over UP-algebras by merging the concept of picture fuzzy sets and soft sets. Further, we discuss the eight new concepts of picture fuzzy soft UP-subalgebras, picture fuzzy soft near UP-filters, picture fuzzy soft UP-filters, picture fuzzy soft implicative UPfilters, picture fuzzy soft comparative UP-filters, picture fuzzy soft shift UP-filters, picture fuzzy soft UP-ideals, and picture fuzzy soft strong UPideals of UP-algebras, and provide some properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attractive presentation could engage and motivate students in online learning. It is certainly leading to an effective class participation and understanding of learners. This study aims to assess the traditional slide presentation and infographic presentation on new generation’s engagement, motivation, and understanding. Where the infographics in slide are not related to the teaching topic. The qualitative was applied with in-depth interview and focus group. The result revealed that students have positive feedback toward infographic presentation even though the animation is not concern with the presentation issues. Thus, one of important issues for new generation online learning is the attractiveness of learning material. It attracts the attention and motivation to learn which lead to an effective online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-modernization era, the society becomes more diverses. People travels freely and always bring their norms, values and culture with them. Hence, it is vital learning different cultures in order to better understand others. This study aims to assess factors affecting cultural learning of undergraduate students in hospitality, tourism, airline business and international business program. The questionnaires were administered in collecting the data from second year students. The ANOVA and structural equation modelling were conducted to compare and investigate the causal relationship of the factors affecting cultural learning. The result found three important determinants affecting cultural learning including: self-experienced confronting different culture in other parts of the country, students' own interest to learn other cultures, and a part-time job allow students to meet and interact with various people from multi-cultures both national and international. The recommendations, therefore, the university should integrate work-based learning, or activity -based learning allow students to face with various people from various parts of the world. As well as, providing appropriate technology tools, and times for student to search, to learn other cultures in accordance to their own interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has a purpose to study and design the system architecture for virtual team campus on Cloud to support the internal quality assurance of Rajamangala University of Technology. The research was divided into two steps as follows: 1) system architecture design and 2) system architecture assessment. The samples of this research consisted of 10 experts involved in internal quality assurance and information and communication technology chosen by using a specific selection method. The assessment form was used as a research instrument to assess the system architecture for virtual team campus on Cloud to support internal quality assurance work of Rajamangala University of Technology. The statistics used in this study were Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation. The results of the research showed that the Cloud system architecture processing model in the form of software services which demonstrated the systems and modules that worked together under the context of Rajamangala University in internal quality assurance work in this research consisted of 2 main systems, 11 sub-modules that each system and module was important for system development. The assessment of the system architecture from experts found that the system architecture designed by the researcher was at very good level which showed that the architecture that the researcher has designed can be used to develop the system of virtual team campus on Cloud to support the internal quality assurance of Rajamangala University of Technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first in a series of papers describing the epidemiology of malaria in an isolated village in western Thailand. The study site was the village of Kong Mong Tha, located in Sangkhla Buri District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. In this paper we present an overview of the study site and results from our adult anopheline mosquito surveillance conducted over 56 consecutive months from June 1999 until January 2004. The collection site, indoor/outdoor location, parity, biting activity and Plasmodiumfalciparum (Pf) and P. vivax (Pv) infection rates were used to calculate seasonal entomological inoculation rates for the predominant four Anopheles species. A total of 21,566 anophelines representing 28 distinct species and 2 groups that were not identified to species were collected using human bait, with almost 95% of the collection consisting of Anopheles minimus, An. maculatus, An. sawadwongporni and An. barbirostris/campestris. Mosquitoes generally peaked during the wet season, were collected throughout the night, and were collected most often outside (ca. 75%) versus inside (ca. 25%) of houses. Approximately 50% of collected mosquitoes were parous. Overall Plasmodium infection rates were 0.27%, with a total of 16 and 42 pools of Pf- and Pv-positive mosquitoes, respectively. Annual EIRs were 2.3 times higher for Pv than for Pf, resulting in approximately 5.5 and 2.6 infective bites per person per year, respectively. The results suggest An. minimus and An. maculatus are the primary and secondary vectors of Pf and Pv transmission in Kong Mong Tha, while An. sawadwongporni and An. barbirostris/campestris also appear to play a role based on the presence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) in the head/thorax of the specimens tested.

The epidemiology of malaria is largely dependent on its vector habitat. Each species of Anopheles larvae has a specific habitat requirement for its development. Anopheline mosquitoes are common throughout Thailand and utilize a wide variety of habitats. The dominant malaria vectors in Thailand are An. dirus, An. maculatus, and An. minimus. The relationship between soil chemical components and the particular species of anopheline in their specific aquatic habitats was studied from September 2002 to July 2003 at Ban Khun Huay, Ban Pa Dae, and Ban Tham Seau in the Mae Sot district, Tak Province, Thailand. Mapping of each habitat was performed using a Global Positioning System unit. A total count of 2,130 laboratory reared adult Anopheles were collected from 138 habitats categorized into 11 different types identified into 18 species from larval sampling in three villages. An. dirus, An. maculatus, and An. minimus were found 5.26%, 10.70%, and 55.31%, respectively, along with other minor species. Drainage and/or season seemed to be associated with the presence of An. dirus, An. maculatus, An. minimus, An. jamesii, An. sawadwongporni, and An. peditaeniatus. Chemical tests: pH, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, and ferric iron showed some associations with the presence of Anopheles. Only drainage was found to be a parameter associated with the presence of An. minimus.