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5. High-rate glass etching process for transferring polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors to flexible substrates

Author

Takechi, K., Eguchi, T., Kanoh, H., Ito, T., and Otsuki, S.

Subjects
Semiconductors, Semiconductor industry, Polycrystalline semiconductors, Kinetic energy, Circuit components, Semiconductor industry, Semiconductor device, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We report on a process technology that makes possible the transfer of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor (poly-Si TFT) arrays from an original rigid glass substrate to another flexible plastic substrate. The transfer technology is characterized by its high-rate glass etching process, using a newly developed apparatus. After a description of the transfer sequence free from adhesive contamination, we present experimental observations for high-rate glass etching in hydrofluoric (HF) and hydrochloric (HCI) acid solution mixtures. The etching apparatus provides jets of the solution mixtures to the glass surface in order to achieve good circulation of the solutions in the bath, as well as to remove etch products effectively from the surface. We successfully achieved etch rates as high as 6 [micro]m/min with the etched surfaces almost as smooth as the original glass. In order to gain insight into the chemical mechanism of the etching, we developed a simplified kinetic etching model based on a Langmuir isotherm. The model and experimental etch-rate data are generally in good agreement, indicating that the basic modeling approach captures much of the essential chemistry for the high-rate glass etching. The transfer technology allows us to obtain TFT flexible substrates with good electrical characteristics and flexibility even after an annealing process at as high as 150[degrees]C. These results demonstrate that the transfer technology is a promising candidate for achieving entirely new lightweight electronic devices such as flexible displays and radio frequency identification tags based on TFT flexible substrates. Index Terms--Flexible substrate, glass etching, kinetic etching model, polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor, transfer process.

Published
2005

6. Nanostructure characterization of carbon materials with superwide pressure range adsorption technique with the aid of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation

Author

Sunaga, M., Ohba, T., Suzuki, T., Kanoh, H., Hagiwara, S., and Kaneko, K.

Subjects
Atmospheric temperature -- Measurement, Carbon -- Research, Carbon -- Thermal properties, Chemistry, Physical and theoretical -- Research, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

A new technique of superwide pressure range adsorption (SWPA) isotherm measurement of N2 from P/P0=10 super -9 to 1 at 77 K is developed and the SWPA isotherms of N2 on activated carbon fiber, molecular sieve carbon, and carbon black is compared with those of their ordinary pressure range isotherms and the simulated isotherms calculated with grand canonical Monte Carlo technique. The new SWPA method can elucidate the presence of ultramicroporosity as per the conclusion.

Published
2004

31. Adsorption mechanism of supercritical hydrogen in internal and interstitial nanospaces of single-wall carbon assembly

Author

Murata, K., Kaneko, K., Kanoh, H., Kasuya, D., Takahashi, K., Kokai, F., Yudasaka, M., and Iijima, S.

Subjects
Hydrogen -- Research, Nanotechnology -- Research, Carbon -- Research, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The physical adsorption of hydrogen on the single-wall carbon nanohorn (SWNH) is shown by the gravimetric experiments, which are the most reliable measurement method for determination of the absorbed quantity of supercritical gas. All single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are low purity and contain catalyst metal, SWNHs, being a new material of SWNT family, is very pure and hence the mass production is possible.

Published
2002

32. Scaling properties of azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

Author

Adare, A., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Al-Bataineh, H., Alexander, J., Al-Jamel, A., Aoki, K., Aphecetche, Laurent, Armendariz, R., Aronson, S.H., Asai, J., Atomssa, E. T., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Baldisseri, A., Barish, K.N., Barnes, P.D., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Bauer, F., Bazilevsky, A., Belikov, S., Bennett, R., Berdnikov, Y., Bickley, A.A., Bjorndal, M.T., Boissevain, J.G., Borel, H., Boyle, K., Brooks, M.L., Brown, D.S., Bucher, D., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Burward-Hoy, J.M., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Chai, J.-S., Chang, B.S., Charvet, J.-L., Chernichenko, S., Chiba, J., Chi, C.Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Chujo, T., Chung, P., Churyn, A., Cianciolo, V., Cleven, C.R., Cobigo, Y., Cole, B.A., Comets, M.P., Constantin, P., Csanad, M., Csorgo, T., Dahms, T., Das, K., David, G., Deaton, M.B., Dehmelt, K., Delagrange, H., Denisov, A., D'Enterria, D., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dietzsch, O., Dion, A., Donadelli, M., Drachenberg, J.L., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Dubey, A.K., Durum, A., Dzhordzhadze, V., Efremenko, Y.V., Egdemir, J., Ellinghaus, F., Emam, W.S., Enokizono, A., En'Yo, H., Espagnon, B., Esumi, S., Eyser, K.O., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Finger Jr., M., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Forestier, B., Fraenkel, Z., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Franz, J., Frawley, A.D., Fujiwara, K., Fukao, Y., Fung, S.-Y., Fusayasu, T., Gadrat, S., Garishvili, I., Gastineau, F., Germain, Marie, Glenn, A., Gong, H., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., Granier De Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Gustafsson, H.-A., Hachiya, T., Hadj Henni, A., Haegemann, C., Haggerty, J.S., Hagiwara, M.N., Hamagaki, H., Han, R., Harada, H., Hartouni, E.P., Haruna, K., Harvey, M., Haslum, E., Hasuko, K., Hayano, R., Heffner, M., Hemmick, T.K., Hester, T., Heuser, J.M., He, X., Hiejima, H., Hill, J.C., Hobbs, R., Hohlmann, M., Holmes, M., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hornback, D., Hur, M.G., Ichihara, T., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Inoue, Y., Isenhower, D., Isenhower, L., Ishihara, M., Isobe, T., Issah, M., Isupov, A., Jacak, B.V., Jia, J., Jin, J., Jinnouchi, O., Johnson, B.M., Joo, K.S., Jouan, D., Kajihara, F., Kametani, S., Kamihara, N., Kamin, J., Kaneta, M., Kang, J.H., Kanoh, H., Kano, H., Kawagishi, T., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A.V., Kelly, Steven, Khanzadeev, A., Kikuchi, J., Kim, D.H., Kim, D.J., Kim, E., Kim, Y.-S., Kinney, E., Kiss, A., Kistenev, E., Kiyomichi, A., Klay, J., Klein-Boesing, C., Kochenda, L., Kochetkov, V., Komkov, B., Konno, M., Kotchetkov, D., Kozlov, A., Kral, A., Kravitz, A., Kroon, P.J., Kubart, J., Kunde, G.J., Kurihara, N., Kurita, K., Kweon, M.J., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G.S., Lacey, R., Lai, Y.-S., Lajoie, J.G., Lebedev, A., Le Bornec, Y., Leckey, S., Lee, D.M., Lee, M.K., Lee, T., Leitch, M.J., Leite, M.A.L., Lenzi, B., Lim, H., Liska, T., Litvinenko, A., Liu, M.X., Li, Xiaojian, Li, X.H., Love, B., Lynch, D., Maguire, C.F., Makdisi, Y.I., Malakhov, A., Malik, M.D., Manko, V.I., Mao, Y., Masek, L., Masui, H., Matathias, F., McCain, M.C., Mccumber, M., McGaughey, P.L., Miake, Y., Mikes, P., Miki, K., Miller, T.E., Milov, A., Mioduszewski, S., Mishra, G.C., Mishra, M., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrovski, M., Morreale, A., Morrison, D.P., Moss, J.M., Moukhanova, T.V., Mukhopadhyay, D., Murata, J., Nagamiya, S., Nagata, Y., Nagle, J.L., Naglis, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Newby, J., Nguyen, M., Norman, B.E., Nyanin, A.S., Nystrand, J., O'Brien, E., Oda, S.X., Ogilvie, C.A., Ohnishi, H., Ojha, I.D., Okada, H., Okada, K., Oka, M., Omiwade, O.O., Oskarsson, A., Otterlund, I., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pal, D., Palounek, A.P.T., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J., Park, W.J., Pate, S.F., Pei, H., Peng, J.-C., Pereira, H., Peresedov, V., Peressounko, D.Yu., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R.P., Purschke, M.L., Purwar, A.K., Qu, H., Rak, J., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Rembeczki, S., Reuter, M., Reygers, K., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Roche, G., Romana, A., Rosati, M., Rosendahl, S.S.E., Rosnet, P., Rukoyatkin, P., Rykov, V.L., Ryu, S.S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sakai, S., Sakata, H., Samsonov, V., Sato, H.D., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Semenov, V., Seto, R., Sharma, D., Shea, T.K., Shein, I., Shevel, A., Shibata, T.-A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shohjoh, T., Shoji, K., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Silvestre, C., Sim, K.S., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Skutnik, S., Slunecka, M., Smith, W.C., Soldatov, A., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Staley, F., Stankus, P.W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Suire, C., Sullivan, J.P., Sziklai, J., Tabaru, T., Takagi, S., Takagui, E.M., Taketani, A., Tanaka, K.H., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Taranenko, A., Tarjan, P., Thomas, T.L., Togawa, M., Toia, A., Tojo, J., Tomasek, L., Torii, H., Towell, R.S., Tram, V.-N., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Tuli, S.K., Tydesjo, H., Tyurin, N., Vale, C., Valle, H., Van Hecke, H.W., Velkovska, J., Vertesi, R., Vinogradov, A.A., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vznuzdaev, E., Wagner, M., Walker, D., Wang, X.R., Watanabe, Y., Wessels, J., White, S.N., Willis, N., Winter, D., Woody, C.L., Wysocki, M., Xie, W., Yamaguchi, Y., Yanovich, A., Yasin, Z., Ying, J., Yokkaichi, S., Young, G.R., Younus, I., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zaudtke, O., Zhang, C., Zhou, S., Zimanyi, J., Zolin, L., Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PHENIX, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
25.75.Dw, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Detailed differential measurements of the elliptic flow for particles produced in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV are presented. Predictions from perfect fluid hydrodynamics for the scaling of the elliptic flow coefficient v_2 with eccentricity, system size and transverse energy are tested and validated. For transverse kinetic energies KE_T ~ m_T-m up to ~1 GeV, scaling compatible with the hydrodynamic expansion of a thermalized fluid is observed for all produced particles. For large values of KE_T, the mesons and baryons scale separately. A universal scaling for the flow of both mesons and baryons is observed for the full transverse kinetic energy range of the data when quark number scaling is employed. In both cases the scaling is more pronounced in terms of KE_T rather than transverse momentum., Comment: 422 authors from 58 institutions, 6 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html

Published
2007
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39. Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

Author

Adare, A., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Al-Bataineh, H., Alexander, J., Al-Jamel, A., Aoki, K., Aphecetche, Laurent, Armendariz, R., Aronson, S.H., Asai, J., Atomssa, E. T., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Baldisseri, A., Barish, K.N., Barnes, P.D., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Bauer, F., Bazilevsky, A., Belikov, S., Bennett, R., Berdnikov, Y., Bickley, A.A., Bjorndal, M.T., Boissevain, J.G., Borel, H., Boyle, K., Brooks, M.L., Brown, D.S., Bucher, D., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Burward-Hoy, J.M., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Chai, J.-S., Chang, B.S., Charvet, J.-L., Chernichenko, S., Chiba, J., Chi, C.Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Chujo, T., Chung, P., Churyn, A., Cianciolo, V., Cleven, C.R., Cobigo, Y., Cole, B.A., Comets, M.P., Constantin, P., Csanad, M., Csorgo, T., Dahms, T., Das, K., David, G., Deaton, M.B., Dehmelt, K., Delagrange, H., Denisov, A., D'Enterria, D., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dietzsch, O., Dion, A., Donadelli, M., Drachenberg, J.L., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Dubey, A.K., Durum, A., Dzhordzhadze, V., Efremenko, Y.V., Egdemir, J., Ellinghaus, F., Emam, W.S., Enokizono, A., En'Yo, H., Espagnon, B., Esumi, S., Eyser, K.O., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Forestier, B., Fraenkel, Z., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Franz, J., Frawley, A.D., Fujiwara, K., Fukao, Y., Fung, S.-Y., Fusayasu, T., Gadrat, S., Garishvili, I., Gastineau, F., Germain, Marie, Glenn, A., Gong, H., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., Granier De Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Gustafsson, H.-A., Hachiya, T., Hadj Henni, A., Haegemann, C., Haggerty, J.S., Hagiwara, M.N., Hamagaki, H., Han, R., Harada, H., Hartouni, E.P., Haruna, K., Harvey, M., Haslum, E., Hasuko, K., Hayano, R., Heffner, M., Hemmick, T.K., Hester, T., Heuser, J.M., He, X., Hiejima, H., Hill, J.C., Hobbs, R., Hohlmann, M., Holmes, M., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hornback, D., Hur, M.G., Ichihara, T., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Inoue, Y., Isenhower, D., Isenhower, L., Ishihara, M., Isobe, T., Issah, M., Isupov, A., Jacak, B.V., Jia, J., Jin, J., Jinnouchi, O., Johnson, B.M., Joo, K.S., Jouan, D., Kajihara, F., Kametani, S., Kamihara, N., Kamin, J., Kaneta, M., Kang, J.H., Kanoh, H., Kano, H., Kawagishi, T., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A.V., Kelly, Steven, Khanzadeev, A., Kikuchi, J., Kim, D.H., Kim, D.J., Kim, E., Kim, Y.-S., Kinney, E., Kiss, A., Kistenev, E., Kiyomichi, A., Klay, J., Klein-Boesing, C., Kochenda, L., Kochetkov, V., Komkov, B., Konno, M., Kotchetkov, D., Kozlov, A., Kral, A., Kravitz, A., Kroon, P.J., Kubart, J., Kunde, G.J., Kurihara, N., Kurita, K., Kweon, M.J., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G.S., Lacey, R., Lai, Y.-S., Lajoie, J.G., Lebedev, A., Le Bornec, Y., Leckey, S., Lee, D.M., Lee, M.K., Lee, T., Leitch, M.J., Leite, M.A.L., Lenzi, B., Lim, H., Liska, T., Litvinenko, A., Liu, M.X., Li, Xiaojian, Li, X.H., Love, B., Lynch, D., Maguire, C.F., Makdisi, Y.I., Malakhov, A., Malik, M.D., Manko, V.I., Mao, Y., Masek, L., Masui, H., Matathias, F., McCain, M.C., Mccumber, M., McGaughey, P.L., Miake, Y., Mikes, P., Miki, K., Miller, T.E., Milov, A., Mioduszewski, S., Mishra, G.C., Mishra, M., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrovski, M., Morreale, A., Morrison, D.P., Moss, J.M., Moukhanova, T.V., Mukhopadhyay, D., Murata, J., Nagamiya, S., Nagata, Y., Nagle, J.L., Naglis, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Newby, J., Nguyen, M., Norman, B.E., Nyanin, A.S., Nystrand, J., O'Brien, E., Oda, S.X., Ogilvie, C.A., Ohnishi, H., Ojha, I.D., Okada, K., Oka, M., Omiwade, O.O., Oskarsson, A., Otterlund, L., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pal, D., Palounek, A.P.T., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J., Park, W.J., Pate, S.F., Pei, H., Peng, J.-C., Pereira, H., Peresedov, V., Peressounko, D.Yu., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R.P., Purschke, M.L., Purwar, A.K., Qu, H., Rak, J., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Rembeczki, S., Reuter, M., Reygers, K., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Roche, G., Romana, A., Rosati, M., Rosendahl, S.S.E., Rosnet, P., Rukoyatkin, P., Rykov, V.L., Ryu, S.S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sakai, S., Sakata, H., Samsonov, V., Sato, H.D., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Semenov, V., Seto, R., Sharma, D., Shea, T.K., Shein, I., Shevel, A., Shibata, T.-A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shohjoh, T., Shoji, K., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Silvestre, C., Sim, K.S., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Skutnik, S., Slunecka, M., Smith, W.C., Soldatov, A., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Staley, F., Stankus, P.W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Suire, C., Sziklai, J., Tabaru, T., Takagi, S., Takagui, E.M., Taketani, A., Tanaka, K.H., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Taranenko, A., Tarjan, P., Thomas, T.L., Togawa, M., Toia, A., Tojo, J., Tomasek, L., Torii, H., Towell, R.S., Tram, V.-N., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Tuli, S.K., Tydesjo, H., Tyurin, N., Vale, C., Valle, H., Van Hecke, H.W., Velkovska, J., Vertesi, R., Vinogradov, A.A., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vznuzdaev, E., Wagner, M., Walker, D., Wang, X.R., Watanabe, Y., Wessels, J., White, S.N., Willis, N., Winter, D., Woody, C.L., Wysocki, M., Xie, W., Yamaguchi, Y., Yanovich, A., Yasin, Z., Ying, J., Yokkaichi, S., Young, G.R., Younus, I., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zaudtke, O., Zhang, C., Zhou, S., Zimanyi, J., Zolin, L., Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PHENIX, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
25.75.Dw, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured electrons from heavy flavor (charm and bottom) decays for 0.3 < p_T < 9 GeV/c at midrapidity (|y| < 0.35) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The nuclear modification factor R_AA relative to p+p collisions shows a strong suppression in central Au+Au collisions, indicating substantial energy loss of heavy quarks in the medium produced at RHIC. A large azimuthal anisotropy, v_2, with respect to the reaction plane is observed for 0.5 < p_T < 5 GeV/c indicating non-zero heavy flavor elliptic flow. Both R_AA and v_2 show a p_T dependence different from those of neutral pions. A comparison to transport models which simultaneously describe R_AA(p_T) and v_2(p_T) suggests that the viscosity to entropy density ratio is close to the conjectured quantum lower bound, i.e., near a perfect fluid., v2 replaced Fig. 3 to fix an error in using a wrong theory curve; v3 minor changes in review process, including last 2 sentences of abstract. 422 authors, 58 institutions, 6 pages text, 3 figures, REVTeX4. Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html

Published
2006
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44. Population migration: A meta-heuristics for stochastic approaches to constraint satisfaction problems

Author

Mizuno, K., Nishihara, S., Kanoh, H., and Kishi, I.

Abstract

A meta-heuristics for escaping from local optima to solve constraint satisfaction problems is proposed, which enables self-adaptive dynamic control of the temperature to adjust the locality of stochastic search. In our method, several groups with different temperatures are prepared. To each group the same number of candidate solutions are initially allotted. Then, the main process is repeated until the procedure comes to a certain convergence. The main process is composed of two phases: stochastic searching and population tuning. As for the latter phase, after evaluating the adaptation value of every group, migration of some number of candidate solutions in groups with lower values to groups with higher values are induced. Population migration is a kind ofparallel version of simulated annealing, where several temperatures are spatially distributed. Some experiments are performed to verify the efficiency of the method applied to constraint satisfaction problems. It is also demonstrated that population migration is exceptionally effective in the critical region where phase transitions occur.

Published
2001

46. New approach to determination of surface heterogeneity of adsorbents and catalysts from the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique: One step beyond the condensation approximation (CA) method

Author

Kowalczyk, Poitr, Kaneko, K., Terzyk, A., Tanaka, H., Kanoh, H., Gauden, P., Kowalczyk, Poitr, Kaneko, K., Terzyk, A., Tanaka, H., Kanoh, H., and Gauden, P.

Abstract

Recovery of the desorption activation energy distribution from the experimental temperature programmed desorption (TPD) spectra is among the most difficult problems of adsorption science. Since the heterogeneity effects strongly influence on transport, diffusion, and catalytic reaction time, the estimation of their magnitude is very important for practical purposes. Up to the present, several theories have been used for the interpretation of the TPD results. Almost all advanced theoretical approaches take into account the effect of surface disorder (heterogeneity in desorption activation energy); however, they ignore the numerical difficulties coming from the “ill-posed” character of the linear Fredholm integral equations appearing in the theoretical description of the TPD results. Thus, there is a growing interest in developing novel methods supported by powerful numerical algorithms taking this into account. In the current study we propose a new approach and consider the theoretical aspect as well as numerical problems appearing in the TPD analysis. Our modeling is based on the well-known and generally accepted “absolute rate theory,” which has been used extensively for the interpretation of TPD results. We propose and verify (applying computer simulations) the new advanced numerical hybrid type algorithms taking into account the heterogeneity effects. They seem to be very promising in TPD spectra analysis. The stability of the proposed advanced numerical methods is confirmed by the computer simulation experiments, and the results are compared with those obtained from the condensation approximation (CA) method.

Published
2005

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