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2. Birds and environment: a multidisciplinary approach to ecological, behavioural and conservation issues

Author

Ashish Kumar Arya, Archana Bachheti, Vinaya Kumar Sethi, and Kamal Kant Joshi

Subjects
Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Abstract Birds perform significant ecosystem services in the environment. Nevertheless, they have been facing threats to their survival globally. This special collection assembles diverse articles on various aspects of birds’ life, their interactions with the environment, their adaptations, and threats they have been facing along with conservation measures.

Published
2024
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3. Human Health Risk Assessment due to Heavy Metals in Ground and Surface Water and Association of Diseases With Drinking Water Sources: A Study From Maharashtra, India

Author

Govind Mawari, Naresh Kumar, Sayan Sarkar, Arthur L Frank, Mradul Kumar Daga, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Tushar Kant Joshi, and Ishwar Singh

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Contamination of freshwater sources can be caused by both anthropogenic and natural processes. According to Central Pollution Control Board, Maharashtra along with 2 other states, contribute 80% of hazardous waste generated in India, including heavy metal pollution. Hence, it is important to quantify heavy metal concentrations in drinking water sources in such areas. Materials and methods: Water samples were analyzed for toxic elements (F, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cr) using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Agilent 7500. Health risks due to ingestion and dermal contact was assessed. A total of 557 people were randomly selected, with consumers from all 4 types of water sources that is surface water, hand pump, wells, and municipal water. Spot urine samples were collected from 47 people after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Urine was collected for estimating mercury and arsenic levels in the study participants. Results: Arsenic contributes the most health risk from ingestion from water. Among surface water users, 14 people (32%) reported frequent loose stool ( P -value

Published
2022
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4. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fruits and Vegetables and Human Health Risk Assessment: Findings From Maharashtra, India

Author

Govind Mawari, Naresh Kumar, Sayan Sarkar, Mradul Kumar Daga, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Tushar Kant Joshi, and Naushad Ahmed Khan

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

background: Vegetables are consumed enormously by humans all over the world. Consumption of contaminated fruits and vegetables is the most likely route of heavy metal exposure. Hence, it is important to quantify heavy metal concentration in frequently consumed fruits and vegetables. materials and methods: The main aim of our study is to investigate heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, and Hg) contamination in 24 different kinds of vegetables and fruits grown in the industrialized city of Solapur, Maharashtra, India. Potential health risks due to the consumption of fruits and vegetables were assessed. Heavy metal concentration and quality of native soil were also determined. Vegetable and fruit samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Agilent 7500. results: The mean concentrations of selected heavy metals in fruits and vegetables analyzed were: Lead (0.17 ± 0.38 mg/kg) > Mercury (0.06 ± 0.09 mg/kg) > Cadmium (0.02 ± 0.007 mg/kg) > Arsenic (0.002 ± 0.003 mg/kg). Among them, garlic showed the highest heavy metal accumulation followed by potato. conclusion: Overall, vegetables showed higher metal accumulations than fruits. Some vegetables showed alarming levels of human health risk indices such as the Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Hazard Index (HI), suggesting that reducing the intake amount of these vegetables may lower the adverse health effects.

Published
2022
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5. A study on the breeding habits of Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Boddaert, 1783 (Aves: Charadriformes: Charadridae) in the agricultural landscape of Muzaffarnagar District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Author

Ashish Kumar Arya, Kamal Kant Joshi, Deepak Kumar, and Archana Bachheti

Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

This study investigated the breeding biology of Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus in the agricultural landscape of district Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, during three consecutive breeding sessions (2019–2021). A maximum of 25 nests and average clutch sizes of 3.64 ± 0.49 were recorded in 2021. Hatching success estimated using the Mayfield method was 55% in 2019, 64% in 2020, and 65% in 2021; values obtained using the traditional method were 42%, 58%, and 53%, respectively. During 2019 and 2021, 3.8% and 3.3% (respectively) of eggs did not successfully develop, while no hatching failures were recorded in 2020. In total, 32% of eggs were destroyed during the study period by predators (cats, dogs, and foxes), and an average of 15% of eggs were destroyed due to anthropogenic activities such as agricultural practices. Red-wattled Lapwings displayed cryptic behavior and active defense against predators making them a successful open nesting species.

Published
2023

6. The association between different types of cooking fuels and common health problems: north India region

Author

Govind Mawari, Naresh Kumar, Ujala Pathak, Swati Shree, Sayan Sarkar, Mradul Kumar Daga, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Tushar Kant Joshi, Achal Gulati, Apurba Chowdhury, Ishwar Singh, and Ashutosh Kumar

Subjects
Automotive Engineering
Abstract

Background: The fuel used for cooking is a major source of indoor air pollution because of inefficient combustion and inadequate ventilation. This study was conducted to see if there is any association between the type of cooking fuel and common health problems in light of inadequate ventilation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; 688 subjects were selected randomly from various sectors and the outlying areas of Surajkund. The impact of indoor air pollution on health was assessed by questionnaires, general physical examination, and pulmonary function testing. Results: One of the key findings of the study has been the implication of LPG, touted as a safe, non-polluting fuel with a definite negative impact on health. There was significantly more breathlessness experienced by LPG users as opposed to the users of wood and cow dung. Though the prevalence of fever in both groups was similar, chest pain, burning of eyes, and fatigue were reported by wood and cow dung users much more frequently. The pulmonary function test showed restrictive pathology in cow dung and wood users, whereas obstructive pathology in LPG users. Conclusions: LPG is considered “clean” fuel because it does not produce visible emissions. However, improper burner design, blocking and clogging of the flue vent, and insufficient combustion air result in improper combustion and the emission of aldehydes, CO, hydrocarbons, and other organics. It would be folly to believe that LPG is harmless. Even a harmless material may become harmful if used inappropriately.

Published
2023

8. An Assessment of Water bird species and associated water bird composition in the Haiderpur Wetland of Hastinapur Wildlife sanctuary Uttar Pradesh, India

Author

Kamal Kant Joshi, Deepak Kumar, Archana Bachheti, and Ashish Kumar Arya

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Agroforestry, Wildlife, Water bird, Wetland, Uttar pradesh, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Bird species are natural indicators of healthy ecosystem. Indian sub-continent contributes about 13% of the world avian species. A study was carried out between year 2017 and 2019, at Haiderpur wetland (Hastinapur wildlife sanctuary) along the Ganga River in Utter Pradesh. Total 66 water bird species belonging to 15 families were encountered. Among the water bird species 04 Vulnerable (Common Pochard, Black headed ibis, Sarus crane, Indian skimmer), 06 near threaten (River Lapwing, Northern lapwing, River tern, Painted stork, Woolly-necked Stork, Black-tailed Godwit) and 01 Endangered (Black-bellied Tern) waterbird species (as per IUCN records) were reported in the Haiderpur wetland area. The contribution of water migratory bird is about 29% in the study area. This area is contributing as birding site thus more focus on conservation of this site.

Published
2021

9. A Comprehensive Study of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Design Techniques for High-Speed Digital Signal Transmission

Author

Kamal Kant Joshi

Subjects
Statistics and Probability
Abstract

The purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive review of PCB design techniques for the transfer of digital data at very high rates. PCB design for high-speed digital signal transmission requires a number of important considerations, including the selection of the appropriate stickup and layer count, the management of impedance, the reduction of crosstalk, and the optimization of power and ground planes. In order to guarantee the reliability of high-speed signal transmission, it is necessary to conduct an exhaustive analysis of signal integrity problems. In this study, we look at a variety of different design approaches and compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of each one. In addition to this, we provide an all-encompassing method for the development of printed circuit boards (PCBs) for the transmission of high-speed digital signals. We also discuss some of the challenges that are faced when developing printed circuit boards for the transmission of high-speed digital signals. Some of these challenges include reducing the amount of electromagnetic interference and maintaining control over the dissipation of heat. Because of this, we have arrived at the conclusion that the reliable and effective operation of the electronic system is dependent on PCBs that have been designed using an approach that is both systematic and comprehensive to high-speed digital signal transmission.

Published
2021

10. A review on distribution and importance of wetlands in the perspective of India

Author

Kamal Kant Joshi, Archana Bachheti, Deepti, and Ashish Kumar Arya

Subjects
geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Agroforestry, Biodiversity, Distribution (economics), Wetland, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Geography, Habitat, Agriculture, Urbanization, Wetland conservation, Ecosystem, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Biodiversity is not equally distributed across the world. It depends on the type of various habitats and food availability. In these habitats, wetlands play an import role to increase the biodiversity of the particular area. Many studies have focused on various habitats to conserve biodiversity. However, the wetland studies are very few due to the lack of information on their distribution and importance. The present review focusses on the wetland status and their importance in India. India has vibrant and diverse wetland ecosystems that support immense biodiversity. The wetlands are unique habitats which provide ecological, social and economic values. However, rapid urbanization, industrialization and uncontrolled agricultural practices have pressurized to shrink the wetlands in India. The present paper highlights the wetland habitats in India with their geographical location, distribution, avian species diversity and their significance. The paper also discusses the growing threats like climate change, land-use change and agriculture/ municipal waste to the wetlands and the conservation efforts by Indian government policies, i.e. National Wetland Conservation Programme, National Environmental Policy, and National Plan for conservation of the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, on the basis of previous studies on wetlands, it is suggested that the role of stakeholders is very much responsible for wetland conservation.

Published
2020

11. Performance of Jatropha curcas L. in Semi-arid Zone: Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Early Field Growth

Author

Sharif AHAMAD, Soumai Kant JOSHI, Mohommad ARIF, and Zakwan AHMED

Subjects
Agriculture (General), S1-972, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

There is a lack of information on basic agronomic properties of Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) cultivation on the marginal lands in the semi-arids. Evaluation of agronomic performance of identified elite strains of J. curcas in marginal lands would be of paramount importance for addressing gap areas in their agronomic properties and subsequently for harnessing their optimum economic potentials. The present study undertook the task of analysing the growth performance of a high oil bearing elite strain of J. curcas–DARL-2 in degraded land in semi-arid zone of Deccan Plateau, India. While undertaking the assessment of growth performance of elite strain DARL-2, two other native (wild) strains (namely AHN-1 and AHN-2) of J. curcas were also considered so that a comparative evaluation could be carried out. The role of gypsum was also investigated on J. curcas in the nursery stage as well its carry over effects on growth performance of transplanted trees in the field. Two types of substrates, gypsum-treated soil (GS) and untreated soil (SL) were used for growing seedlings of all the three jatropha strains. Seedlings (120-days-old) of DARL-2 exhibited greater plant height, collar diameter and number of branches but root length was greater in the local strains. In the second year of field transplantation, DARL-2 strain exhibited significantly (p

Published
2013
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13. India: country report on children’s environmental health

Author

Narayanaswamy Bangalore Thimmadasiah and Tushar Kant Joshi

Subjects
Health (social science), Adolescent, Adolescent Health, Air pollution, India, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Overnutrition, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Improved sanitation, Child, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Poverty, Child Health, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Clean water, Infant, Heavy metals, medicine.disease, Pollution, Obesity, Malnutrition, Child, Preschool, Business, Environmental Health
Abstract

Children contribute substantially to the burden of disease in India. Most common are problems with outdoor and household air pollution, with solutions not immediately apparent or implementable. Children are also often exposed to heavy metals, industrial chemicals and pesticides. Despite advances in some regions, many children still do not have adequate access to clean water and improved sanitation. Infectious diseases remain a problem, especially for children living in poverty. The children of these regions are now facing the dual problems of undernutrition and stunting on the one hand, and overnutrition and obesity on the other.

Published
2020

14. Physico-Chemical and Sensory Analysis of Carrot Supplemented Paneer Kheer

Author

R. K. Pandey, Smita Singh, Pankaj Gautam, Avinav Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, and Kamal Kant Joshi

Subjects
Aging, Chemistry, General Health Professions, Dentistry (miscellaneous), Food science, Health Professions (miscellaneous), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), General Dentistry, Sensory analysis, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Published
2020

15. Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, and Other Potential Application of Aquatic and Semiaquatic Medicinal Plants

Author

Ashish Kumar Arya, Medha Durgapal, Arachna Bachheti, null Deepti, Kamal Kant Joshi, Yilma H. Gonfa, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, and Azamal Husen

Subjects
Complementary and alternative medicine
Abstract

Medicinal plants have been treating various ailments and diseases since ancient times. Aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants play an essential role in human welfare to fulfill their daily needs. They have shown biological, pharmacological, nutraceutical, and commercial applications. This review aims to collect and update all recent information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and nanoparticle synthesis and their uses in aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants. Original research papers, review papers, short communications, and book chapters on aquatic and semiaquatic plants have been retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords, ethnomedicinal studies, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and nanoparticle synthesis from aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants are used for the search. Different aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants belonging to the families Acanthaceae, Alismataceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Lythraceae, Marsileaceae, Menyanthaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Onagraceae, Plantaginaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Pontederiaceae, Primulaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Zingiberaceae have been studied. They are rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, dietary fiber, glycosidic derivatives, carbohydrates, and proteins. These phytochemicals have been used for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, sedative, anticonvulsant, cytotoxic, antiparasitic, and antidiabetic activities. Besides this, various parts of the plants are used as dietary supplements and green nanoparticle synthesis. These plants are also known for their commercial value and are used as an ingredient in some pharmaceutical industries.

Published
2022

16. Bird assemblages in natural and urbanized habitats along elevational gradient in Nainital district (western Himalaya) of Uttarakhand state, India

Author

Dinesh BHATT, Kamal Kant JOSHI

Subjects
Avian biodiversity, Western Himalaya, Urbanization, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The Indian subcontinent is amongst the biologically better known parts of the tropics and its bird fauna has been well documented. However, avian community composition and diversity along elevational gradients and amongst habitat types remains unclear in India. We attempted to estimate bird assemblages in terms of diversity, species composition, status and abundance in urban and forest habitats of Nainital district of Uttarakhand (350–2450 m asl; 29°N), Western Himalayas. We sampled different elevational gradients and to understand the effect of urbanization and season on avian community composition. Field studies were conducted during January 2005 to January 2007. Results indicated that the forest had more complex bird community structure in terms of higher species richness (14.35 vs 8.69), higher species diversity (Shannon’s index 4.00 vs 3.54), higher evenness (0.838 vs 0.811) and more rare species (17 vs 5) as compared to urban habitat. However, the abundance of 11 species was higher in urban habitats. Bird Species Richness (BSR) varied considerably among study areas (91 to 113 species), was highest (113 species) at mid elevation (1450–1700 m asl) and decreased (22 species) at high elevation (1900–2450 m asl). It seems that high BSR at mid altitudes is not caused by the presence of a group of mid altitude specialists but rather that there is an overlap in the distribution of low land and high elevation specialists at this altitude. BSR and Bird Species Diversity fluctuated across seasons but not habitat type [Current Zoology 57 (3): 318–329, 2011].

Published
2011

18. Security and Privacy Problems in Cloud Computing

Author

Nalini Kant Joshi and Richa kunal Sharma

Subjects
Computer science, business.industry, Cloud computing, business, Computer security, computer.software_genre, computer
Published
2019

19. Avian diversity in forest, agriculture and water stream habitats of Dehradun Valley, Uttarakhand, India

Author

Dinesh Bhatt, Kamal Kant Joshi, and Ashish Kumar Arya

Subjects
Ecology, biology, QH301-705.5, Ciconia episcopus, Biodiversity, Endangered species, avian diversity, Alexandrine Parakeet, Stork, biology.organism_classification, Alexandrine P, Vanellus duvaucelii, Dehradun, Geography, Habitat, White-rumped Munia, biology.animal, Vulnerable species, Neophron percnopterus, Western Himalaya, Biology (General), Sulphur-bellied Warbler, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Research Article
Abstract

The Western Himalaya is recognised for its biological diversity and ecological values. An attempt was made to understand the avian diversity distribution in Forest, Agriculture and Water stream habitats of Dehradun (Western Himalaya) Uttarakhand. A total of two hundred and thirty one species belonging to 54 families were encountered during the survey. Out of these, one endangered species (Egyptian Vulture, Neophron percnopterus) and three near-threatened species Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticu) and River Lapwing (Vanellus duvaucelii) and one vulnerable species Woolly-necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus) were sighted. Three avian species, Mistle Thrush, Sulphur-bellied Warbler and White-rumped Munia. have been recorded as isolates in the study area. The presence of these species indicates the habitats extension in Dehradun District of Uttarakhand. The present study provides significant records in the study site and provides a baseline data for future study with reference to conservation in Dehradun Region.

Published
2021

22. EBG Based M-Layered Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna with Improved Bandwidth and Gain

Author

Arvind Singh Rawat, Chandra Kant Joshi, Sudhir Jugran, and Amit Kumar

Subjects
Microstrip antenna, Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, Surface wave, Bandwidth (signal processing), Physics::Optics, Metamaterial, Optoelectronics, Radiation, business, Communications system, Microstrip
Abstract

Microstrip antenna is the most popular antenna that is being used by various communication systems nowadays. The fabrication of microstrip antenna is very easy and because of its low material cost, it is having a wide variety of applications. The electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) is the artificially fabricated structures that allow the propagation of electromagnetic band of frequency at any incident angles and polarizations. The principle issue in the microstrip antenna configuration is the surface wave that proliferates inside the substrate. Because of expanding the side and back radiation, the surface wave travel on the substrate, and there is a reduction in the efficiency of the antenna and bandwidth. This paper introduces an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure to prevent the surface wave propagation and proposes the multilayer electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure for bandwidth and gain enhancement.

Published
2020

23. Design and Developement of an Embedded Based Device for the Detection of Toxic Gases with Raspberry Pi

Author

Sudhir Jugran and Chandra Kant Joshi

Subjects
Raspberry pi, System development, Waste management, Hazardous waste, Environmental science, Natural environment, Toxic gas, Air quality index
Abstract

Rapid growth in industries and urbanization has made harsh impact on the ecosystem. With the release of hazardous gases in our environment, causing calamitous effects on our ecosystem including livestock and the mankind. there is the need to monitor these hazardous gases and their concentration level to be checked so that proper caution can be taken to save flora and fauna. In this regard, this proposed work presents a lab level demonstration of toxic gas detection (volatile gases such as ammonia, ethanol, carbon dioxide etc.) by making an embedded based platform in association with MOS sensors, TGS823 and TGS800 (air quality control) with Raspberry Pi for the system development to obtain a sustainable system.

Published
2020

24. Phenological attributes of Pyracantha crenulata - a high-value multipurpose shrub of the Himalaya

Author

Soumai Kant Joshi and Madhu Bala

Subjects
fruit maturity, Himalayan firethorn, medicinal plants, Western Himalaya, wild edible plants, ved/biology, Phenology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Medicine (miscellaneous), food and beverages, Forestry, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Shrub, lcsh:S1-972, Pyracantha crenulata, lcsh:Agriculture (General), Medicinal plants, lcsh:Science (General), Agronomy and Crop Science, Value (mathematics), lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

Pyracantha crenulata is a high value multipurpose shrub of the Himalaya. Fruits of the species possess several therapeutic and nutraceutical properties and are edible. Undertaking phenological studies on high-value wild plant species, particularly the ones that are yet to be domesticated, is particularly important as they provide baseline data on patterns of their vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting, fruit maturity, seed set etc. Considering these facts, the present study was carried out with the aim to identify and document the phenological features of P. crenulata and to study patterns of its phenological events under two habitat conditions. The study was carried out at two closely located sites, different in microsite conditions, at Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand), India, under the Western Himalaya in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) for two consecutive years. Five phenological events (emergence of new leaves and twigs; flowering; fruit setting and development; fruit drop and leaf fall) were recorded at fortnightly intervals, i.e., first fortnight and second fortnight in each month on selected individuals of the species, in both the sites. All the phenological phases investigated followed identical or near identical patterns across both sites so that there were no significant differences (P

Published
2020

25. The crisis of biomedical wastes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and management using sustainable technologies for sound management of healthcare waste associated with pandemics

Author

Udbhav Sharma, Shekhar Kalra, Srishti Gupta, Nirali Seth, Govind Mawari, Naresh Kumar, Mradul Kumar Daga, M. Meghachandra Singh, and Tushar Kant Joshi

Abstract

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wreaked havoc all across the world, claiming numerous casualties. Managing the pandemic has resulted in the production of an unprecedented volume of biomedical waste (BMW), in the form of used personal protective equipment (PPE), diagnostic items, etc. It is a matter of utmost urgency that this BMW is treated, using newer and environmentally sustainable methods as compared to the available ones. The inadequacies of the conventional methods of bio medical waste management call for newer and sustainable alternatives for management like simple greenhouse containers, pyrolysis of polypropylene PPE, usage of silk masks, development of novel biodegradable masks, Antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (aPDT), nano-photocatalysts, etc. These methods have numerous advantages over currently used methods like incineration, landfilling, etc., and can sustainably be used as an adjunct or an alternative to them.

Published
2022

26. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Application in Tikhur (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.) on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Nutrient Availability in Inceptisol of Chhattisgarh Plateau

Author

Mukesh Paikra, Somdas Sahu, Karuna Kant Joshi, Poornima Sahu, and G. K. Sharma

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Inceptisol, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Agronomy, Curcuma angustifolia, Inorganic nutrient, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Published
2018

30. Influence of Graded Doses of Organic and Inorganic Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Economics of Tikhur (Curcuma aungustifolia Roxb.) in Inceptisol of Bastar Plateau

Author

Karuna Kant Joshi, Deo Shankar, G. K. Sharma, and T. Chandrakar

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Yield (engineering), Inceptisol, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Curcuma, 010606 plant biology & botany
Published
2017

31. Electromagnetic Field Limitations on 5th Generation Networks Planning

Author

Chandra Kant Joshi, Devendra Singh, and Ashish Kumar Gupta

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Base station, Presentation, Risk analysis (engineering), Point (typography), Computer science, Quality of service, media_common.quotation_subject, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, Set (psychology), media_common
Abstract

The arrangement of 5th Generation systems will fundamentally include the establishment of new base station hardware to help the prerequisites of cutting edge versatile administrations. In a situation where there exist effectively numerous wellsprings of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), including covering 2G, 3G and 4G advancements of contending system administrators, there is a developing worry that the arranging of a 5th Generation system will be seriously restricted by the breaking points on greatest Electromagnetic field stages set up in a wide arrangement of guidelines. The objective of this paper is to reveal insight into EMF mindful 5th Generation organize arranging and, specifically, on the issue of site determination for 5th Generation base station hardware that submits to downlink Electromagnetic fields limitations. We presenting the present cutting edge in EMF-mindful portable systems administration and diagram the present presentation breaking points and how the EMF limitations may affect 5th Generation arrangements. We at that point subcase stationtantiate our investigation by covering two reasonable contextual investigations, which show the immersion of Electromagnetic field stages as of now happening under current 2G, 3G and 4G systems, just as the negative effect of strict guidelines on system arranging and client nature of administration. At long last, we talk about the normal effect of 5th Generation advancements as far as EMFs and draw the rules for an EMF-mindful arranging of 5th Generation. Our investigation recommends that the EMF-mindful 5th Generation arranging dangers to be a genuine test for system administrators, which animates further activities at legislative, societal, innovative, and examine levels.

Published
2019

32. Avian species distribution along elevation at Doon Valley (foot hills of western Himalayas), Uttarakhand, and its association with vegetation structure

Author

Kamal Kant Joshi and Dinesh Bhatt

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Doon Valley, Ecology, Range (biology), Population, Species distribution, Endangered species, conservation, Species diversity, Plant Science, Vegetation, avian diversity, Geography, Insect Science, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Animal Science and Zoology, vegetation structure, Species richness, lcsh:Ecology, shrub density, education, Transect, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

We assessed a diverse avian population during February 2013 to February 2014 at Doon Valley forest. During the study period we recorded a total of 218 species (18,982 individuals) belonging to 50 families using line transect along with the fixed radius point count method in the study area. Avian species diversity, richness, and abundance showed a hump-shaped distribution pattern in the study range (325–2300 m above sea level). The association of vegetation structure with avian community illustrates the significantly positive correlation with shrub diversity and density/ha along the elevation. The presence of new records (habitat area extension), endangered species, and two near-threatened species concerns the conservation of birds and forest habitat in this area.

Published
2015

33. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Haidong, Wang, Mohsen, Naghavi, Christine, Allen, Ryan M, Barber Zulfi, qar A, Bhutta, Austin, Carter, Daniel C, Casey Fiona, J Charlson, Alan Zian, Chen Matthew, M Coates, Megan, Coggeshall, Lalit, Dandona, Daniel J, Dicker Holly, E Erskine, Alize J, Ferrari, Christina, Fitzmaurice, Kyle, Foreman, Mohammad H, Forouzanfar Maya, S Fraser, Nancy, Fullman, Peter W, Gething Ellen, M Goldberg, Nicholas, Graetz, Juanita A, Haagsma Simon, I Hay, Chantal, Huynh, Catherine O, Johnson Nicholas, J Kassebaum, Yohannes, Kinfu, Xie Rachel, Kulikoff, Michael, Kutz, Hmwe H, Kyu Heidi, J Larson, Janni, Leung, Xiaofeng, Liang, Stephen S, Lim, Margaret, Lind, Rafael, Lozano, Neal, Marquez, George A, Mensah, Joe, Mikesell, Ali H, Mokdad Meghan, D Mooney, Grant, Nguyen, Elaine, Nsoesie, David M, Pigott, Christine, Pinho, Gregory A, Roth Joshua, A Salomon, Logan, Sandar, Naris, Silpakit, Amber, Sligar, Reed J, D Sorensen, Jeff rey, Stanaway, Caitlyn, Steiner, Stephanie, Teeple, Bernadette A, Thomas, Christopher, Troeger, Amelia, VanderZanden, Stein Emil, Vollset, Valentine, Wanga, Harvey A, Whiteford, Timothy, Wolock, Leo, Zoeckler, Kalkidan Hassen, Abate, Cristiana, Abbafati, Kaja M, Abbas, Foad, Abd-Allah, Semaw Ferede, Abera Daisy, M X, Abreu Laith, J Abu-Raddad, Gebre Yitayih, Abyu, Tom, Achoki, Ademola Lukman, Adelekan Zanfi, na Ademi, Arsène Kouablan, Adou José, C Adsuar, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afanvi, Ashkan, Afshin, Emilie Elisabet, Agardh, Arnav, Agarwal, Anurag, Agrawal, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kiadaliri Oluremi, N Ajala, Ali Shafqat, Akanda Rufus, Olusola Akinyemi, Tomi F, Akinyemiju, Nadia, Akseer, Faris Hasan, Al Lami, Samer, Alabed, Ziyad, Al-Aly, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K, M Alam, Deena, Alasfoor, Saleh Fahed, Aldhahri Robert, William Aldridge, Miguel Angel, Alegretti Alicia, V Aleman, Zewdie Aderaw, Alemu Lily, T Alexander, Samia, Alhabib, Raghib, Ali, Ala’a, Alkerwi, François, Alla, Peter, Allebeck, Rajaa, Al-Raddadi, Ubai, Alsharif, Khalid A, Altirkawi Elena, Alvarez Martin, Nelson, Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw T, Amare Adeladza, Kofi Amegah, Emmanuel A, Ameh, Heresh, Amini, Walid, Ammar, Stephen Marc, Amrock Hjalte, H Andersen, Benjamin O, Anderson Gregory, M Anderson, Carl Abelardo, T Antonio, Atsede Fantahun, Aregay, Johan, Ärnlöv, Valentina S, Arsic Arsenijevic, Al, Artaman, Hamid, Asayesh, Rana Jawad, Asghar, Suleman, Atique, Euripide Frinel, G Arthur, Avokpaho, Ashish, Awasthi, Peter, Azzopardi, Umar, Bacha, Alaa, Badawi, Maria C, Bahit, Kalpana, Balakrishnan, Amitava, Banerjee, Aleksandra, Barac, Suzanne L, Barker-Collo, Till, Bärnighausen, Lars, Barregard, Lope H, Barrero, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bayou, Shahrzad, Bazargan-Hejazi, Justin, Beardsley, Neeraj, Bedi, Ettore, Beghi, Haileeyesus Adamu, Belay, Brent, Bell, Michelle L, Bell Aminu, K Bello, Derrick A, Bennett Isabela, M Bensenor, Adugnaw, Berhane, Eduardo, Bernabé, Balem Demtsu, Betsu Addisu, Shunu Beyene, Neeraj, Bhala, Ashish, Bhalla, Sibhatu, Biadgilign, Boris, Bikbov, Aref A, Bin Abdulhak, Brian J, Biroscak, Stan, Biryukov, Espen, Bjertness, Jed D, Blore Christopher, D Blosser, Megan A, Bohensky, Rohan, Borschmann, Dipan, Bose, Rupert R, A Bourne, Michael, Brainin, Carol E, G Brayne, Alexandra, Brazinova, Nicholas J, K Breitborde, Hermann, Brenner, Jerry D, Brewer, Alexandria, Brown, Jonathan, Brown, Traolach S, Brugha Geoff, rey Colin, Buckle Zahid, A Butt, Bianca, Calabria, Ismael Ricardo, Campos-Nonato Julio, Cesar Campuzano, Jonathan R, Carapetis, Rosario, Cárdenas, David O, Carpenter Juan, Jesus Carrero, Carlos A, Castañeda-Orjuela Jacqueline, Castillo Rivas, Ferrán, Catalá-López, Fiorella, Cavalleri, Kelly, Cercy, Jorge, Cerda, Wanqing, Chen, Adrienne, Chew, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chiang, Mirriam, Chibalabala, Chioma Ezinne, Chibueze, Odgerel, Chimed-Ochir, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chisumpa Jee-Young, Jasmine Choi, Rajiv, Chowdhury, Hanne, Christensen, Devasahayam Jesudas, Christopher Liliana, G Ciobanu, Cirillo Massimo, Aaron J, Cohen, Valentina, Colistro, Mercedes, Colomar, Samantha M, Colquhoun, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooper, Monica, Cortinovis, Benjamin C, Cowie John, A Crump, James, Damsere-Derry, Hadi, Danawi, Rakhi, Dandona, Farah, Daoud, Sarah C, Darby Paul, I Dargan, José das, Neves, Gail, Davey, Adrian C, Davis Dragos, V Davitoiu, E Filipa, de Castro, Pieter de, Jager Diego, De Leo, Louisa, Degenhardt, Robert P, Dellavalle, Kebede, Deribe, Amare, Deribew, Samath D, Dharmaratne Preet, K Dhillon, Cesar, Diaz-Torné, Eric L, Ding Kadine, Priscila Bender, dos Santos, Edem, Dossou, Tim R, Driscoll, Leilei, Duan, Manisha, Dubey, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan Richard, G Ellenbogen, Christian Lycke, Ellingsen, Iqbal, Elyazar, Aman Yesuf, Endries Sergey, Petrovich Ermakov, Babak, Eshrati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Kara, Estep, Imad D, A Faghmous, Saman, Fahimi, Emerito Jose, Aquino Faraon, Talha A, Farid Carla, Sofi a, e Sa, Farinha, André, Faro, Maryam S, Farvid, Farshad, Farzadfar, Valery L, Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad, Fereshtehnejad, Jeff erson, G Fernandes, Joao C, Fernandes, Florian, Fischer, Joseph R, A Fitchett, Abraham, Flaxman, Nataliya, Foigt, F Gerry, R Fowkes, Elisabeth Barboza, Franca Richard, C Franklin, Joseph, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Thomas, Fürst, Neal D, Futran Seana, L Gall, Ketevan, Gambashidze, Amiran, Gamkrelidze, Parthasarathi, Ganguly, Fortuné Gbètoho, Gankpé, Teshome, Gebre, Tsegaye Tsewelde, Gebrehiwot Amanuel, Tesfay Gebremedhin, Alemseged Aregay, Gebru Johanna, M Geleijnse, Bradford D, Gessner Aloke, Gopal Ghoshal, Katherine B, Gibney Richard, F Gillum, Stuart, Gilmour, Ababi Zergaw, Giref, Maurice, Giroud, Melkamu Dedefo, Gishu, Giorgia, Giussani, Elizabeth, Glaser, William W, Godwin, Hector, Gomez-Dantes, Philimon, Gona, Amador, Goodridge, Sameer Vali, Gopalani Richard, A Gosselin, Carolyn C, Gotay, Atsushi, Goto, Hebe N, Gouda, Felix, Greaves, Harish Chander, Gugnani, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gupta, Reyna A, Gutiérrez, Nima, Hafezi-Nejad, Demewoz, Haile, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu Gessessew, Bugssa Hailu, Yara A, Halasa Randah, Ribhi Hamadeh, Samer, Hamidi, Jamie, Hancock, Alexis J, Handal Graeme, J Hankey, Yuantao, Hao, Hilda L, Harb, Sivadasanpillai, Harikrishnan, Josep Maria, Haro, Rasmus, Havmoeller, Susan R, Heckbert Ileana, Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Pouria, Heydarpour, Henk B, M Hilderink, Hans W, Hoek Robert, S Hogg, Masako, Horino, Nobuyuki, Horita, H Dean, Hosgood Peter, J Hotez, Damian G, Hoy, Mohamed, Hsairi, Aung Soe, Htet Maung, Maung Than, Htike, Guoqing, Hu, Cheng, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, Laetitia, Huiart, Abdullatif, Husseini, Inge, Huybrechts, Grace, Huynh, Kim Moesgaard, Iburg, Kaire, Innos, Manami, Inoue, Veena J, Iyer Troy, A Jacobs, Kathryn H, Jacobsen, Nader, Jahanmehr, Mihajlo B, Jakovljevic, Peter, James, Mehdi, Javanbakht, Sudha P, Jayaraman Achala, Upendra Jayatilleke, Panniyammakal, Jeemon, Paul N, Jensen, Vivekanand, Jha, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jiang, Tariku, Jibat, Aida, Jimenez-Corona, Jost B, Jonas Tushar, Kant Joshi, Zubair, Kabir, Ritul, Kamal, Haidong, Kan, Surya, Kant, André, Karch, Corine Kakizi, Karema, Chante, Karimkhani, Dimitris, Karletsos, Ganesan, Karthikeyan, Amir, Kasaeian, Marzieh, Katibeh, Anil, Kaul, Norito, Kawakami, Jeanne Françoise, Kayibanda Peter, Njenga Keiyoro, Laura, Kemmer, Andrew Haddon, Kemp Andre, Pascal Kengne, Andre, Keren, Maia, Kereselidze, Chandrasekharan Nair, Kesavachandran Yousef, Saleh Khader, Ibrahim A, Khalil Abdur, Rahman Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Young-Ho, Khang, Sahil, Khera, Tawfi k, Ahmed Muthafer, Khoja, Christian, Kieling, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim Brett, M Kissela, Niranjan, Kissoon, Luke D, Knibbs Ann, Kristin Knudsen, Yoshihiro, Kokubo, Dhaval, Kolte, Jacek A, Kopec, Soewarta, Kosen, Parvaiz A, Koul, Ai, Koyanagi, Norun Hjertager, Krog Barthelemy, Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk, Bicer Andreas, A Kudom, Ernst J, Kuipers Veena, S Kulkarni, G Anil, Kumar Gene, F Kwan, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lal, Ratilal, Lalloo, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O, Lam Sinead, M Langan, Van C, Lansingh, Anders, Larsson, Dennis Odai, Laryea Asma, Abdul Latif, Alicia Elena, Beatriz Lawrynowicz, James, Leigh, Miriam, Levi, Yongmei, Li, M Patrice, Lindsay Steven, E Lipshultz, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Liu, Loon-Tzian, Lo, Giancarlo, Logroscino, Paulo A, Lotufo Robyn, M Lucas, Raimundas, Lunevicius, Ronan A, Lyons, Stefan, Ma, Vasco Manuel, Pedro Machado, Mark T, Mackay Jennifer, H MacLachlan, Hassan Magdy, Abd El, Razek Mohammed, Magdy Abd, El Razek, Marek, Majdan, Azeem, Majeed, Reza, Malekzadeh, Wondimu Ayele, Ayele Manamo, John, Mandisarisa, Srikanth, Mangalam, Chabila C, Mapoma, Wagner, Marcenes, David Joel, Margolis Gerard, Robert Martin, Jose, Martinez-Raga, Melvin Barrientos, Marzan, Felix, Masiye, Amanda J, Mason-Jones, João, Massano, Richard, Matzopoulos, Bongani M, Mayosi Stephen, Theodore McGarvey, John J, McGrath, Martin, McKee, McMahon Peter, A Meaney, Alem, Mehari, Man Mohan, Mehndiratta, Fabiola, Mejia-Rodriguez, Alemayehu B, Mekonnen Yohannes, Adama Melaku, Peter, Memiah, Ziad A, Memish, Walter, Mendoza, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja Francis, Apolinary Mhimbira, Renata, Micha, Ted R, Miller Mojde, Mirarefi n, Awoke, Misganaw, Charles N, Mock Karzan, Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Alireza, Mohammadi, Shafi u, Mohammed, Viswanathan, Mohan, Glen Liddell, D Mola, Lorenzo, Monasta, Julio Cesar, Montañez Hernandez, Pablo, Montero, Marcella, Montico, Thomas J, Montine, Maziar, Moradi-Lakeh, Lidia, Morawska, Katherine, Morgan, Rintaro, Mori, Dariush Mozaff, arian Ulrich, O Mueller, Gudlavalleti Venkata, Satyanarayana Murthy, Srinivas, Murthy, Kamarul Imran, Musa Jean, B Nachega, Gabriele, Nagel, Kovin S, Naidoo, Nitish, Naik, Luigi, Naldi, Vinay, Nangia, Denis, Nash, Chakib, Nejjari, Subas, Neupane, Charles R, Newton John, N Newton, Marie, Ng, Frida Namnyak, Ngalesoni Jean, de Dieu, Ngirabega Quyen, Le Nguyen, Muhammad Imran, Nisar Patrick, Martial Nkamedjie, Pete, Marika, Nomura, Ole F, Norheim Paul, E Norman, Bo, Norrving, Luke, Nyakarahuka, Felix Akpojene, Ogbo, Takayoshi, Ohkubo, Foluke Adetola, Ojelabi Pedro, R Olivares, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya Jacob, Olusegun Olusanya, John Nelson, Opio, Eyal, Oren, Alberto, Ortiz, Majdi, Osman, Erika, Ota, Raziye, Ozdemir, Mahesh, PA, Jeyaraj D, Pandian Puspa, Raj Pant, Christina, Papachristou, Eun-Kee, Park, Jae-Hyun, Park, Charles D, Parry, Mahboubeh, Parsaeian, Angel J, Paternina Caicedo, Scott B, Patten George, C Patton, Vinod K, Paul, Neil, Pearce, João Mário, Pedro Ljiljana, Pejin Stokic, Pereira, Norberto, Perico, Konrad, Pesudovs, Max, Petzold, Michael Robert, Phillips Frédéric, B Piel, Julian David, Pillay, Dietrich, Plass, James A, Platts-Mills, Suzanne, Polinder, C Arden, Pope, Svetlana, Popova, Richie G, Poulton, Farshad, Pourmalek, Dorairaj, Prabhakaran, Mostafa, Qorbani, Justice, Quame-Amaglo, D Alex, Quistberg, Anwar, Rafay, Kazem, Rahimi, Vafa, Rahimi-Movaghar, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz, Ur Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rahman Rajesh, Kumar Rai, Zhale, Rajavi, Sasa, Rajsic, Murugesan, Raju, Ivo, Rakovac, Saleem M, Rana Chhabi, L Ranabhat, Thara, Rangaswamy, Puja, Rao, Sowmya R, Rao Amany, H Refaat, Jürgen, Rehm, Marissa B, Reitsma, Giuseppe, Remuzzi, Serge Resnikoff, Antonio L, Ribeiro, Stefano, Ricci, Maria Jesus, Rios Blancas, Bayard, Roberts, Anna, Roca, David, Rojas-Rueda, Luca, Ronfani, Gholamreza, Roshandel, Dietrich, Rothenbacher, Ambuj, Roy, Nawal K, Roy George, Mugambage Ruhago, Rajesh, Sagar, Sukanta, Saha, Ramesh, Sahathevan, Muhammad Muhammad, Saleh Juan, R Sanabria, Maria Dolores, Sanchez-Niño, Lidia, Sanchez-Riera, Itamar S, Santos, Rodrigo, Sarmiento-Suarez, Benn, Sartorius, Maheswar, Satpathy, Miloje, Savic, Monika, Sawhney, Michael P, Schaub Maria, Inês Schmidt, Ione J, C Schneider, Ben, Schöttker, Aletta E, Schutte David, C Schwebel, Soraya, Seedat, Sadaf G, Sepanlou Edson, E Servan-Mori, Katya A, Shackelford, Gavin, Shaddick, Amira, Shaheen, Saeid, Shahraz, Masood Ali, Shaikh, Marina, Shakh-Nazarova, Rajesh, Sharma, Jun, She, Sara, Sheikhbahaei, Jiabin, Shen, Ziyan, Shen, Donald S, Shepard Kevin, N Sheth, Balakrishna P, Shetty, Peilin, Shi, Kenji, Shibuya, Min-Jeong, Shin, Rahman, Shiri, Ivy, Shiue, Mark G, Shrime Inga, Dora Sigfusdottir, Donald H, Silberberg Diego, Augusto Santos, Silva Dayane, Gabriele Alves, Silveira Jonathan, I Silverberg, Edgar P, Simard, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh Jasvinder, A Singh, Om Prakash, Singh Prashant, Kumar Singh, Virendra, Singh, Samir, Soneji, Kjetil, Søreide, Joan B, Soriano Luciano, A Sposato, Chandrashekhar T, Sreeramareddy, Vasiliki, Stathopoulou, Dan J, Stein Murray, B Stein, Saverio, Stranges, Konstantinos, Stroumpoulis, Bruno F, Sunguya, Patrick, Sur, Soumya, Swaminathan, Bryan L, Sykes Cassandra, E I, Szoeke, Rafael, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Karen M, Tabb, Ken, Takahashi, Jukka S, Takala Roberto, Tchio Talongwa, Nikhil, Tandon, Mohammad, Tavakkoli, Bineyam, Taye, Hugh R, Taylor Braden, J Te, Ao Bemnet, Amare Tedla, Worku Mekonnen, Tefera Margreet, Ten Have, Abdullah Sulieman, Terkawi Fisaha, Haile Tesfay, Gizachew Assefa, Tessema Alan, J Thomson, Andrew L, Thorne-Lyman Amanda, G Thrift, George D, Thurston, Taavi, Tillmann, David L, Tirschwell, Marcello, Tonelli, Roman, Topor-Madry, Fotis, Topouzis, Allen Towbin, Traebert Bach, Xuan Tran, Thomas, Truelsen, Ulises, Trujillo, Abera Kenay, Tura Emin, Murat Tuzcu, Uche S, Uchendu Kingsley, N Ukwaja, Eduardo A, Undurraga Olalekan, A Uthman, Rita Van, Dingenen Aaron, van Donkelaar, Tommi, Vasankari, Ana Maria, Nogales Vasconcelos, Narayanaswamy, Venketasubramanian, Ramesh, Vidavalur, Lakshmi, Vijayakumar, Salvador, Villalpando, Francesco S, Violante Vasiliy, Victorovich Vlassov, Joseph A, Wagner Gregory, R Wagner, Mitchell T, Wallin, Linhong, Wang, David A, Watkins, Scott, Weichenthal, Elisabete, Weiderpass, Robert G, Weintraub, Andrea, Werdecker, Ronny, Westerman, Richard A, White, Tissa, Wijeratne, James D, Wilkinson Hywel, C Williams, Charles Shey, Wiysonge Solomon, Meseret Woldeyohannes, A Wolfe, Sungho, Won, John Q, Wong Anthony, D Woolf, Denis, Xavier, Qingyang, Xiao, Gelin, Xu, Bereket, Yakob, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yalew Lijing, L Yan, Yuichiro, Yano, Mehdi, Yaseri, Pengpeng, Ye, Henock Gebremedhin, Yebyo, Paul, Yip, Biruck Desalegn, Yirsaw, Naohiro, Yonemoto, Gerald, Yonga, Mustafa Z, Younis, Shicheng, Yu, Zoubida, Zaidi, Maysaa El, Sayed Zaki, Faiez, Zannad, Diego E, Zavala, Hajo, Zeeb, Berihun M, Zeleke, Hao, Zhang, Sanjay, Zodpey, David, Zonies, Liesl Joanna, Zuhlke, Theo, Vos, Alan D, Lopez Christopher, J L, Murray., Haidong, Wang, Mohsen, Naghavi, Christine, Allen, Ryan, M, Barber, Zulfi, Qar, A, Bhutta, Austin, Carter, Daniel, C, Casey, Fiona, J, Charlson, Alan, Zian, Chen, Matthew, M, Coate, Megan, Coggeshall, Lalit, Dandona, Daniel, J, Dicker, Holly, E, Erskine, Alize, J, Ferrari, Christina, Fitzmaurice, Kyle, Foreman, Mohammad, H, Forouzanfar, Maya, S, Fraser, Nancy, Fullman, Peter, W, Gething, Ellen, M, Goldberg, Nicholas, Graetz, Juanita, A, Haagsma, Simon, I, Hay, Chantal, Huynh, Catherine, O, Johnson, Nichola, J, Kassebaum, Yohannes, Kinfu, Xie, Rachel, Kulikoff, Michael, Kutz, Hmwe, H, Kyu, Heidi, J, Larson, Janni, Leung, Xiaofeng, Liang, Stephen, S, Lim, Margaret, Lind, Rafael, Lozano, Neal, Marquez, George, A, Mensah, Joe, Mikesell, Ali, H, Mokdad, Meghan, D, Mooney, Grant, Nguyen, Elaine, Nsoesie, David, M, Pigott, Christine, Pinho, Gregory, A, Roth, Joshua, A, Salomon, Logan, Sandar, Naris, Silpakit, Amber, Sligar, Reed, J, D, Sorensen, Jeff, Rey, Stanaway, Caitlyn, Steiner, Stephanie, Teeple, Bernadette, A, Thomas, Christopher, Troeger, Amelia, Vanderzanden, Stein, Emil, Vollset, Valentine, Wanga, Harvey, A, Whiteford, Timothy, Wolock, Leo, Zoeckler, Kalkidan, Hassen, Abate, Cristiana, Abbafati, Kaja, M, Abbas, Foad, Abd-Allah, Semaw, Ferede, Abera, Daisy, M, X, Abreu, Laith, J, Abu-Raddad, Gebre, Yitayih, Abyu, Tom, Achoki, Ademola, Lukman, Adelekan, Zanfi, Na, Ademi, Arsène, Kouablan, Adou, José, C, Adsuar, Kossivi, Agbelenko, Afanvi, Ashkan, Afshin, Emilie, Elisabet, Agardh, Arnav, Agarwal, Anurag, Agrawal, Aliasghar, Ahmad, Kiadaliri, Oluremi, N, Ajala, Ali, Shafqat, Akanda, Rufu, Olusola, Akinyemi, Tomi, F, Akinyemiju, Nadia, Akseer, Faris, Hasan, Al, Lami, Samer, Alabed, Ziyad, Al-Aly, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, K, M, Alam, Deena, Alasfoor, Saleh, Fahed, Aldhahri, Robert, William, Aldridge, Miguel, Angel, Alegretti, Alicia, V, Aleman, Zewdie, Aderaw, Alemu, Lily, T, Alexander, Samia, Alhabib, Raghib, Ali, Ala’A, Alkerwi, François, Alla, Peter, Allebeck, Rajaa, Al-Raddadi, Ubai, Alsharif, Khalid, A, Altirkawi, Elena, Alvarez, Martin, Nelson, Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw, T, Amare, Adeladza, Kofi, Amegah, Emmanuel, A, Ameh, Heresh, Amini, Walid, Ammar, Stephen, Marc, Amrock, Hjalte, H, Andersen, Benjamin, O, Anderson, Gregory, M, Anderson, Carl, Abelardo, T, Antonio, Atsede, Fantahun, Aregay, Johan, Ärnlöv, Valentina, S, Arsic, Arsenijevic, Al, Artaman, Hamid, Asayesh, Rana, Jawad, Asghar, Suleman, Atique, Euripide, Frinel, G, Arthur, Avokpaho, Ashish, Awasthi, Peter, Azzopardi, Umar, Bacha, Alaa, Badawi, Maria, C, Bahit, Kalpana, Balakrishnan, Amitava, Banerjee, Aleksandra, Barac, Suzanne, L, Barker-Collo, Till, Bärnighausen, Lars, Barregard, Lope, H, Barrero, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Yibeltal, Tebekaw, Bayou, Shahrzad, Bazargan-Hejazi, Justin, Beardsley, Neeraj, Bedi, Ettore, Beghi, Haileeyesus, Adamu, Belay, Brent, Bell, Michelle, L, Bell, Aminu, K, Bello, Derrick, A, Bennett, Isabela, M, Bensenor, Adugnaw, Berhane, Eduardo, Bernabé, Balem, Demtsu, Betsu, Addisu, Shunu, Beyene, Neeraj, Bhala, Ashish, Bhalla, Sibhatu, Biadgilign, Boris, Bikbov, Aref, A, Bin, Abdulhak, Brian, J, Biroscak, Stan, Biryukov, Espen, Bjertne, Jed, D, Blore, Christopher, D, Blosser, Megan, A, Bohensky, Rohan, Borschmann, Dipan, Bose, Rupert, R, A, Bourne, Michael, Brainin, Carol, E, G, Brayne, Alexandra, Brazinova, Nicholas, J, K, Breitborde, Hermann, Brenner, Jerry, D, Brewer, Alexandria, 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Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Cheng, Huang, Hsiang, Huiart, Laetitia, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Grace, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Iyer, Veena J, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jonas, Jost B, Joshi, Tushar Kant, Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kant, Surya, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Karletsos, Dimitri, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kasaeian, Amir, Katibeh, Marzieh, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissela, Brett M, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Krog, Norun Hjertager, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O, Langan, Sinead M, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leigh, Jame, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Lindsay, M Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Machado, Vasco Manuel Pedro, Mackay, Mark T, Maclachlan, Jennifer H, Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El, Magdy, Mohammed, Razek, Abd El, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele, Mandisarisa, John, Mangalam, Srikanth, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Gerard Robert, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Marzan, Melvin Barriento, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massano, João, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mcgarvey, Stephen Theodore, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mcmahon, Brian J, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mola, Glen Liddell D, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Montine, Thomas J, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Morgan, Katherine, Mori, Rintaro, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Sriniva, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naik, Nitish, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Deni, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Suba, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Paul E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Ozdemir, Raziye, Pa, Mahesh, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Pant, Puspa Raj, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Jae-Hyun, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paul, Vinod K, Pearce, Neil, Pedro, João Mário, Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pillay, Julian David, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, C Arden, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quame-Amaglo, Justice, Quistberg, D Alex, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajavi, Zhale, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Rakovac, Ivo, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi L, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Puja, Rao, Sowmya R, Refaat, Amany H, Rehm, Jürgen, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Ricci, Stefano, Blancas, Maria Jesus Rio, Roberts, Bayard, Roca, Anna, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nawal K, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sagar, Rajesh, Saha, Sukanta, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolore, Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Santos, Itamar S, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya A, Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Shen, Ziyan, Shepard, Donald S, Sheth, Kevin N, Shetty, Balakrishna P, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alve, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soriano, Joan B, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stranges, Saverio, Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tandon, Nikhil, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R, Ao, Braden J Te, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Have, Margreet Ten, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tirschwell, David L, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thoma, Trujillo, Ulise, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uthman, Olalekan A, Dingenen, Rita Van, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Wagner, Joseph A, Wagner, Gregory R, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Hywel C, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret, Wolfe, Charles D A, Won, Sungho, Wong, John Q, Woolf, Anthony D, Xavier, Deni, Xiao, Qingyang, Xu, Gelin, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Shicheng, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zannad, Faiez, Zavala, Diego E, Zeeb, Hajo, Zeleke, Berihun M, Zhang, Hao, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Vos, Theo, Lopez, Alan D, and Murray, Christopher J L

Subjects
VITAL-STATISTICS, INTEGRATED APPROACH, ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, UNITED-STATES, Global Health, Communicable Disease, Communicable Diseases, cause of death, Medicine, General & Internal, Life Expectancy, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Mortality, Medicine(all), Science & Technology, Mortality, Premature, Medicine (all), EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION, GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators, CIVIL REGISTRATION, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Articles, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, VERBAL AUTOPSY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract

Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61.7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61.4-61.9) in 1980 to 71.8 years (71.5-72.2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11.3 years (3.7-17.4), to 62.6 years (56.5-70.2). Total deaths increased by 4.1% (2.6-5.6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55.8 million (54.9 million to 56.6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17.0% (15.8-18.1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14.1% (12.6-16.0) to 39.8 million (39.2 million to 40.5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13.1% (11.9-14.3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42.1%, 39.1-44.6), malaria (43.1%, 34.7-51.8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29.8%, 24.8-34.9), and maternal disorders (29.1%, 19.3-37.1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death. Interpretation At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2016

35. Short Communication: Waterbird species distribution between natural and manmade wetland in Himalayan foothills of Uttarakhand, India

Author

Kamal Kant Joshi, Vikas Saini, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Ritesh Joshi, and Dinesh Bhatt

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, QH301-705.5, Species distribution, Wetland, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Vanellus duvaucelii, 03 medical and health sciences, Abundance (ecology), diversity, man-made wetland, migratory species, natural wetland, Botany, IUCN Red List, Biology (General), Molecular Biology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Near-threatened species, biology, Ecology, Species diversity, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Habitat, Animal Science and Zoology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Saini V, Joshi K, Bhatt D, Singh A, Joshi R. 2017. Short Communication: Waterbird species distribution between natural and manmade wetland in Himalayan foothills of Uttarakhand, India. Biodiversitas 18: 334-340. A comparative study on waterbird diversity and abundance was conducted at natural and man-made wetland of District Hardwar from 2010 to 2013. A total of 37 waterbirds belonging to 11 families were recorded of which 14 species were winter migrant in the wetlands of the study area. Among these waterbird species, two species viz. Black-necked Stork, Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus; River Lapwing, Vanellus duvaucelii were near threatened (IUCN status Ver. 2013.1.) and two species namely Woolly-necked Stork, Ciconia episcopus; and Marbled Duck, Marmaronetta angustirostris were Vulnerable (IUCN status). The avian species diversity and abundance were recorded significantly high (t = 4.16, p < 0.01) at natural wetland site. It is also observed that vegetation variety and food availability is the responsible causes of waterbird species variation in the natural and manmade wetland. The results of this study suggest that freshwater natural wetland site is more suitable habitat for short and long-distance water migratory birds. This natural wetland should be protected to enhance the abundance and diversity of water migrant community. Keywords: Diversity, man-made wetland, migratory species, natural wetland

Published
2017

36. Hexagonal Nonradiating Edge-Coupled Patch Configuration for Bandwidth Enhancement of Patch Antenna

Author

Krishn Kant Joshi and Nvsn Sarma

Subjects
Patch antenna, Materials science, Hexagonal crystal system, business.industry, HFSS, Bandwidth (signal processing), General Engineering, Optics, Fractal, Electronic engineering, business, Electrical impedance, ISM band, Circularly polarized radiation
Abstract

For increasing the impedance bandwidth of patch antenna two novel configurations are described for the ISM band applications. A hexagonal patch structure is used in both of the configurations. First structure uses six additional patches which are gap-coupled to the each nonradiating edge of the original hexagonal patch whereas in the second configuration fractals are used in each of the hexagonal of first order. HFSS is used for the simulation. The simulation result shows that with a regular hexagonal patch which gives 6% of impedance bandwidth, a slight improvement in bandwidth with respect to square patch can be achieved. Further with the two novel configurations up to 15.5% of the impedance is achieved. The result shows that the fractal configuration is suitable for the circularly polarized radiation. The simulated gain over the operating band is found to be more than 9- dB.

Published
2014

38. Performance of Jatropha curcas L. in Semi-arid Zone: Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Early Field Growth

Author

Soumai Kant Joshi, Mohommad Arif, Sharif Ahamad, and Zakwan Ahmed

Subjects
Medicine (miscellaneous), Jatropha, Forestry, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biology, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:S1-972, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Comparative evaluation, Transplantation, Root length, Agronomy, Seedling, Germination, lcsh:Agriculture (General), lcsh:Science (General), Agronomy and Crop Science, Jatropha curcas, Arid zone, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

There is a lack of information on basic agronomic properties of Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) cultivation on the marginal lands in the semi-arids. Evaluation of agronomic performance of identified elite strains of J. curcas in marginal lands would be of paramount importance for addressing gap areas in their agronomic properties and subsequently for harnessing their optimum economic potentials. The present study undertook the task of analysing the growth performance of a high oil bearing elite strain of J. curcas–DARL-2 in degraded land in semi-arid zone of Deccan Plateau, India. While undertaking the assessment of growth performance of elite strain DARL-2, two other native (wild) strains (namely AHN-1 and AHN-2) of J. curcas were also considered so that a comparative evaluation could be carried out. The role of gypsum was also investigated on J. curcas in the nursery stage as well its carry over effects on growth performance of transplanted trees in the field. Two types of substrates, gypsum-treated soil (GS) and untreated soil (SL) were used for growing seedlings of all the three jatropha strains. Seedlings (120-days-old) of DARL-2 exhibited greater plant height, collar diameter and number of branches but root length was greater in the local strains. In the second year of field transplantation, DARL-2 strain exhibited significantly (p

Published
2013

39. Avian species distribution in different elevation zone forest (Sal, Pine Mixed And Oak) in nainital district of uttarakhand, India

Author

Dinesh Bhatt and Kamal Kant Joshi

Subjects
Elevational Diversity Gradient, Geography, Altitude, Habitat, Ecology, Fauna, Species distribution, Guild, Elevation, Species richness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The present study were made to estimate the avian fauna in terms of species richness and diversity and guild structure in forest habitats of Nainital district of Uttarakhand (350–2.450 m asl; 29° N). Field studies were conducted during January 2007 to December 2008. Total 43, 62 and 42 species were recorded from, Haldwani, Bhowali and Nainital forest habitats. Results indicate the species relationship between Bird species richness (BSR) and elevation sections (forest habitats) was not decline simultaneously along elevation; it shows hump shaped. BSR varied considerably along elevational gradient (43 to 62 species), was highest (62 species) at mid elevation (Mixed pine forest, 1.350–1.700 m asl) and decreased (20 species) at high elevation (Conifer forest, 1900–2450 m asl). It seems that mid altitude bulge is not caused by the presence of a group of mid altitude specialists but rather that there is an overlap in the distribution of low land and high elevation specialists at this altitude. A checklist of 79 avian species has also produced of Nainital district forest habitats. It is suggested that this study provide a base line structure for further study on species distribution in different forest habitats and along different elevation section in Western Himalayas (India).

Published
2013

40. O42-4 Innovative exposure assessment scheme to assess health impact of outdoor air pollution in new delhi

Author

Tushar Kant Joshi

Subjects
Pollution, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Health impact, Attendance, Air pollution, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Environmental health, Epidemiology, medicine, New delhi, business, Asthma, Exposure assessment, media_common
Abstract

New Delhi, Capital city of India has been experiencing a steady increasing level of outdoor air pollution over a period of two decades as demonstrated by Monitoring Programme following the enactment of e Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The levels of PM10 and PM2.5 have now reached alarming levels. The concern grew further after the monitoring of PM2.5 was initiated. According to the Global Burden of Disease Report, Outdoor air pollution has become the fifth largest killer in India. An epidemiological study was undertaken to assess the association between the adverse health outcomes and the air pollution in New Delhi. A total of 1073 adults and 903 adolescents were randomly chosen. Assessment of exposure was done by adding up the total hours spent outdoors by rural and urban residents. The average exposure to vehicular pollution in urban subjects was nearly three times that of rural population. A questionnaire was developed, validated and administered by trained surveyors along with the measurement of height, weight and blood pressure. Results The urban subjects experienced significantly more symptoms on the day of survey, and in last one year but it was the rural subjects who experienced more symptoms following exposure to air pollution proving that urban subjects probably developed tolerance following persistent exposure. Such tolerance has been earlier reported by investigators to ozone in particular in North America. The results also showed that those with pre existing heart disease and respiratory disorders like asthma, reported significantly more chest – tightness, respiratory infections, and dyspnoea than those not having such disorders. The adverse impact were also more pronounced in adolescent subjects affecting their attendance and performance in school. This paper would share findings of the adverse health impact of the air pollution on Delhi’s residents reported for the first time.

Published
2016

41. 全球范围内全面禁止石棉的使用

Author

Joseph LaDou, Barry Castleman, Arthur Frank, Michael Gochfeld, Morris Greenberg, James Huff, Tushar Kant Joshi, Philip J. Landrigan, Richard Lemen, Jonny Myers, Morando Soffritti, Colin L. Soskolne, Ken Takahashi, Daniel Teitelbaum, Benedetto Terracini, and Andrew Watterson

Published
2011

42. In vitro propagation from axenic explants of Lilium oxypetalum (D. Don) Baker, an endemic bulbous plant of high altitude Himalaya

Author

Soumai Kant Joshi and Uppeandra Dhar

Subjects
Sucrose, biology, Physiology, Oxypetalum, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Tissue culture, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, Micropropagation, chemistry, Callus, Ornamental plant, Botany, Axenic, Agronomy and Crop Science, Explant culture
Abstract

In vitro propagation protocol for Lilium oxypetalum, a high altitude Himalayan endemic lily, has been developed. Effect of explant types (i.e., callus and in vitro bulblet scales) and sucrose concentration [0–6.0% (w/v)] on in vitro bulblet regeneration of L. oxypetalum was tested in previously optimized Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 2.0 μM 6-benzyladenine and 0.1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Callus explants produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher number of bulblets per explant than bulblet scale explants. Of the different concentrations of sucrose tested, 4.5% (w/v) sucrose showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher percentage regeneration (i.e., 70.8 ± 4.2 and 79.2 ± 4.2% regeneration on callus and bulblet scale explants, respectively), and produced higher number of bulblets per explant (i.e., 9.0 ± 0.4 and 5.4 ± 0.5 bulblets on callus and bulblet scale explants, respectively). Regenerated bulblets developed 2–3 leaves when subcultured for 4 weeks and were subsequently transferred ex vitro with a survival rate of 66.7% after 6 weeks. Leaves of the survived plantlets became dry after growing ex vitro for 10 weeks, amongst which 86.4% re-sprouted after remaining dormant for 5–6 weeks and produced 1.5 bulblets per explant. Findings of the present study hold promise for efficiently multiplying the target species in view of its potential economic and conservation significance.

Published
2009

43. In vitroregeneration of ‘Green Sweet’ applevianucellus-raised callus

Author

Soumai Kant Joshi, Vandana Bisht, Anil Kumar Bisht, Meena Joshi, and Uppeandra Dhar

Subjects
food.ingredient, Sucrose, fungi, food and beverages, Horticulture, Biology, Acclimatization, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, chemistry, Callus, Botany, Shoot, Genetics, Agar, Ovule, Gibberellic acid, Explant culture
Abstract

SummaryFor the first time, an in vitro regeneration system for ‘Green Sweet’ apple has been developed from nucellus-raised callus. Callus induction (100%) occurred in nucellar explants excised from immature fruit when cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, free of plant growth regulators (PGR) and supplemented with 3.0% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. When cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 10.0 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.0 µM gibberellic acid (GA3), calli showed 88.9 ± 5.6% shoot regeneration with 4.1 ± 0.1 shoots per explant, and a mean shoot length of 3.5 ± 0.2 cm. Elongated shoots produced roots (44.4 ± 5.6%) when placed in half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1.0 µM -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Maximum rooting percentage (55.6 ± 5.6%) was obtained on 0.4% (w/v) agar, while the highest number of roots per shoot (2.8 ± 0.4 roots) and root length (3.4 ± 0.2 cm) were recorded on 0.6% (w/v) agar. Acclimatisation of in vitrora...

Published
2008

45. Avian diversity and its association with vegetation structure in different elevational zones of Nainital district (Western Himalayan) of Uttarakhand

Author

Kamal Kant Joshi, Dinesh Bhatt, and Aashish Thapliyal

Subjects
Geography, Habitat, Ecology, Avian diversity, Agroforestry, Elevation, Plant species diversity, Species diversity, Vegetation, Species richness, Key features, human activities
Abstract

Avian diversity was studied in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand, India at different elevations. A total of 174 bird species belonging to 38 families were identified along with the elevational zone of forest habitats. We sampled in different elevational forest habitats to understand the vegetation structure and its effect on avian community. Field studies were conducted during January 2006 to January 2008. Results illustrate that bird community value in terms of species richness (7.74) and species diversity (3.68) was higher at mid elevation (1450 to 1700 m asl). Avian species diversity and richness were positively correlated (r = 0.21, 0.78, 0.22, 0.95, 47, 92, 0.95 and 0.83) with the plant species diversity (BSD versus PSD, r = 0.95 and BSR versus PSD, r = 0.83) and foliage height diversity (BSR versus FHD, r = 0.78 and BSR versus FHD, r = 0.92). It is suggested that vegetation structure of the habitat seems to be one of the key features which influence the avian species at local level. Key words: Avian diversity, vegetation association, elevation zone, Nainital district, bird species diversity.

Published
2012

46. Asbestos ban in India: challenges ahead

Author

Uttpal B. Bhuva, Priyanka Katoch, and Tushar Kant Joshi

Subjects
General Neuroscience, Occupational disease, India, Legislation, Asbestos, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Asbestos cement, Occupational safety and health, History and Philosophy of Science, Occupational hygiene, Occupational Exposure, Workforce, medicine, Humans, Business, Mesothelioma, Socioeconomics
Abstract

Rapidly industrializing India is described by the International Monetary Fund as a young, disciplined, and vibrant economy with a projected growth of 6.7% for 2005. The total workforce of 397 million has only 7% of workers employed in the organized sector with construction, where asbestos exposure is prevalent, employing 4.4%. The domestic production of asbestos declined from 20,111 tons in 1998-1999 to 14,340 tons in 2002-2003. The imports from Russia and Canada increased from 61,474 tons in 1997-1998 to 97,884 tons in 2001-2002. The production of asbestos cement products went up from 0.68 million tons in 1993-1994 to 1.38 million tons in 2002-2003. The asbestos industry has been delicensed since March 2003. The number of asbestos-based units stood at 32, with the western state of Maharashtra having the largest number. According to official figures, the industry employs 8000 workers. The occupational exposure standard is still 2 fibers/mL, worse still, mesothelioma is not recognized as an occupational disease. The latest cancer registry data have no information on mesothelioma. The health and safety legislation does not cover 93% of workers in the unorganized sector where asbestos exposures are extremely high. Workers remain uninformed and untrained in dealing with asbestos exposure. Enforcement agencies are not fully conscious of the risks of asbestos exposure. Industrial hygiene assessment is seldom carried out and pathologists do not receive training in identifying mesothelioma histopathologically. The lack of political will and powerful influence of the asbestos industry are pushing India toward a disaster of unimaginable proportion.

Published
2006

47. FIOH-sponsored newsletter misrepresents asbestos hazards in Zimbabwe

Author

John C, Bailar, Seifeddin Gaafar, Ballal, Martin, Boback, Barry, Castleman, Heng Leng, Chee, Martin, Cherniack, David, Christiani, André, Cicolella, Janice, Fernández de D'Pool, David, Egilman, Arthur L, Frank, Marco A, Garcia, Fernanda, Giannasi, Morris, Greenberg, Robert J, Harrison, James, Huff, Peter, Infante, Eliezer Joao, de Souza, Tushar Kant, Joshi, Peter, Kamuzora, Laurie, Kazan-Allen, David G, Kern, Hans, Kromhout, Sudjoko, Kuswadji, Joseph, LaDou, Richard A, Lemen, Charles, Levenstein, Boy, Luethje, Francesca, Mancini, Banwari Lai, Meel, Yalemtsehay, Mekonnen, René, Mendes, Fiona, Murie, Jonathan, Myers, Rory, O'Neill, Erhabor, Osaro, Domyung, Paek, Elihu, Richter, Ellen, Robertson, Sheldon W, Samuels, Colin L, Soskolne, Rwth, Stuckey, Daniel T, Teitelbaum, Benedetto, Terracini, Annie, Thébaud-Mony, Michel, Vanhoorne, Xiaorong, Wang, Andrew, Watterson, and Richard, Wedeen

Subjects
Zimbabwe, ILO, World Health Organization, medicine.disease_cause, Asbestos, World health, Occupational safety and health, WHO, Biologische bedrijfssystemen, Occupational Exposure, Environmental health, medicine, FIOH, Humans, Industry, Misinformation, Finland, Occupational Health, Biological Farming Systems, Ethics, Conflict of Interest, business.industry, Communication, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, PE&RC, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie, Influence, Chemical Industry, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Propaganda, Journal publication, Periodicals as Topic, business, Developed country, Editorial Policies
Abstract

The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) has received support from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labor Office (ILO) to publish the African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety. The African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety should not be a medium for industry propaganda, or the source of misinformation among the workers of Africa. Instead, FIOH should provide the same level of scientific information in Africa that it does in Finland and other developed countries.

Published
2006

48. Occupational health in India

Author

Tushar Kant, Joshi and Kirk R, Smith

Subjects
Employment, Occupational Diseases, Chemical Industry, Occupational Health Services, Health Status Indicators, Humans, India, Occupational Health
Abstract

The population of India has crossed the billion mark; only one other country (China) shares this distinction. A declining female population and low literacy are negatives in an otherwise vibrant country. The empowerment of females and their role in society has become a point of debate, and radical economic changes are likely, to allow India to join the global economy. Problems in occupational health and safety (OHS) include: OHS legislation that covers only a minority of the working population; child labour; a physician-driven OHS model; little attention to industrial hygiene; poor surveillance of occupational diseases (making it impossible to gauge the burden of illness due to occupational exposures); and a fragile OHS academic base. A silver lining comprises the inclusion of OHS in national health policy and the decision by the Indian Medical Association to educate its members in occupational health. India urgently requires modern OHS legislation with adequate enforcement machinery, and establishment of centres of excellence in occupational medicine, to catch up with the rest of the world.

Published
2002

49. Industry influence on IAOH

Author

Tushar Kant Joshi

Subjects
Occupational Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Lobbying, media_common.quotation_subject, Opposition (politics), India, Public policy, Public Policy, Commission, Letter to Editor, Occupational safety and health, Political science, Environmental health, Humans, Industry, Medicine, Free market, Societies, Medical, media_common, Conflict of Interest, business.industry, Public health, Conflict of interest, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Asbestos, Payment, Law, Pretext, business, Vision statement
Abstract

Dear Sir, The Indian Association of Occupational Health (IAOH) is an umbrella organization created to represent the interests of the profession. An organization of this kind exists to further the cause of occupational health and safety, taking positions on key concerns that undermine the public health. The official web site says, “IAOH is committed to make India's workplaces Healthy, Safe and Green—free from the ill-effects of workplace hazards. Our mission has assumed even more significance and relevance in the light of Bhopal tragedy and Chernobyl disaster, both of which are stark pointers to the damage which can be caused to the health of people and ecosystems. A definitive action is called for. We request you all to help us in this noble cause.”[1] The actions and policies of IAOH do not support this vision. It has worked closely with the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), an organization with a long history of industry support.[2] One of the senior officials of IAOH has typically been a board member of ICOH. The IAOH currently is organizing its 58th annual conference in Mumbai and ICOH senior officials are the star invitees to this meeting, as highlighted in the announcement.[3] In 2001, the annual conference was held in Delhi and I was the Chair of the scientific committee. I included a “Symposium on Banning Asbestos Use in India,” inviting Collegium Ramazzini fellows Barry Castleman and Arthur Frank as the key speakers. The vicious attack that IAOH officials launched on us on that occasion and the shoddy treatment meted out to the two invited guests during the conference have no parallel. Some years back, when an asbestos debate was organized by the IAOH, it was alleged that the local organizers accepted payment from the asbestos industry. At the end of the debate, nearly 75% of the members opposed any kind of ban on asbestos. The senior fellows of the IAOH present in the auditorium did not voice their opposition to such a blatant display of industry control. It is easy to understand why the association does not address the key concerns of safety and health at work, as it represents the interests of big corporations and openly solicits funds from them. In India, this includes the asbestos industry. Therefore, the IAOH seems to be oblivious of its vision statement that occupational health exists for upholding workers’ health and safety and not for eulogizing the corporations. Following the 2001 conference, when the authorities under pressure from asbestos products manufacturers, harassed me, stopping my wages for nearly 8 months, no one from the IAOH raised their voice or have lent support. Much later, an article appeared in the official organ of the IAOH, supporting the asbestos ban, a case of too little, too late. By that time, the authorities had already recommended termination of my services, which was prevented only due to intense international pressure initiated by Col. LaDou and Barry Castleman. No doubt in a milieu where employers are calling the shots, labour organizations are finding it difficult to stay afloat, and governments are exhibiting a fatigue in protecting the interests of workers under the pretext of promoting free market, it requires a great deal of commitment and grit to stand up and denounce such trends. Great organizations reveal their true character in the hours of crisis. In this hour of crisis for occupational health, it would be appreciated if IAOH and its parent body, ICOH, stood up and spoke out against the role of global corporations that relegate occupational health to low priority. Who are they going to serve and what would be the rallying point if occupational health practice with integrity becomes history?

Published
2008

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