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2. Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies

Author

Andersson, P. A., Vartanova, I., Västfjäll, D., Tinghög, G., Strimling, P., Wu, J., Hazin, I., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andrighetto, Giulia, Anum, A., Arikan, G., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Boski, P., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. -S, Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A. R., Dvoryanchikov, N., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. -M, Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Teixeira, M. L. M., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zirganou-Kazolea, L., Eriksson, Kimmo, Andersson, P. A., Vartanova, I., Västfjäll, D., Tinghög, G., Strimling, P., Wu, J., Hazin, I., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andrighetto, Giulia, Anum, A., Arikan, G., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Boski, P., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. -S, Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A. R., Dvoryanchikov, N., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. -M, Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Teixeira, M. L. M., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zirganou-Kazolea, L., and Eriksson, Kimmo

Abstract

When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.

Published
2024
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5. Experiences and lessons learned during manufacturing of group-Y cryolines for ITER

Author

Kapoor, H., primary, Choukekar, K., additional, Shah, N., additional, Gaur, V., additional, Dash, B., additional, Kumar, U., additional, Garg, A., additional, Madeenavalli, S., additional, Jadon, M., additional, Fournier, J., additional, Vaghela, H., additional, Grillot, D., additional, Sarkar, B., additional, Sarvaiya, Y., additional, Joshi, B., additional, Gajera, S., additional, and Sisodiya, A., additional

Published
2023
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9. Who cares about the outgroup? Political ideology, empathy, and moral decision-making

Author

Kapoor H and Puthillam A

Subjects
Politics, media_common.quotation_subject, Outgroup, Empathy, Ideology, Psychology, Social psychology, media_common
Abstract

Conservatives are known to display smaller moral circles, have less empathy, and make utilitarian decisions. The present study aimed to understand the relationships between political ideology and empathetic concern (n = 513), and between ideology and moral decision-making (n = 210) in an inter-group setting, using an Indian sample. We measured trait empathetic concern and empathetic concern for the ingroup (i.e., their own religion) and outgroup (i.e., Muslims) using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and measured moral decision-making for a non-denominational group and in- and out-group using modified moral dilemmas. We found that right-leaning individuals, in terms of greater adherence to cultural norms, displayed higher levels of trait empathetic concern, as well as that for in- and outgroups; they were also more willing to sacrifice the outgroup to save multiple ingroup members in moral dilemma tasks, and thus made utilitarian moral decisions when sacrificing outgroup lives were concerned. Additionally, those leaning left, in terms of lower adherence to hierarchical structures, showed higher levels of empathetic concern for the outgroup. Implications and future avenues are discussed.

Published
2021
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10. Author correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Eriksson, K., Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P., Andrighetto, G., Anum, A., Arikan, G., Aycan, Z., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Zeineddine, F., Bovina, I., Huyen, B., Cardenas, J., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H., Contreras-Ibáñez, C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R., Gill, C., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L., Leslie, L., Li, Y., Li, N., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N., Onyishi, I., Özden, S., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L., Persson, M., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A., Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R., Romanò, S., Romero, P., Sakki, I., Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Teixeira, M., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q., and Lange, L.

Published
2021

11. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Eriksson, K., Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P., Andrighetto, G., Anum, A., Arikan, G., Aycan, Z., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Zeineddine, F., Bovina, I., Huyen, B., Cardenas, J., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H., Contreras-Ibáñez, C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R., Gill, C., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L., Leslie, L., Li, Y., Li, N., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N., Onyishi, I., Özden, S., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L., Persson, M., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A., Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R., Romanò, S., Romero, P., Sakki, I., Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Teixeira, M., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q., and Lange, L.

Published
2021

12. Author Correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (1481), 10.1038/s41467-021-21602-9)

Author

Eriksson, K. Strimling, P. Gelfand, M. Wu, J. Abernathy, J. Akotia, C.S. Aldashev, A. Andersson, P.A. Andrighetto, G. Anum, A. Arikan, G. Aycan, Z. Bagherian, F. Barrera, D. Basnight-Brown, D. Batkeyev, B. Belaus, A. Berezina, E. Björnstjerna, M. Blumen, S. Boski, P. Bou Zeineddine, F. Bovina, I. Huyen, B.T.T. Cardenas, J.-C. Čekrlija, Đ. Choi, H.-S. Contreras-Ibáñez, C.C. Costa-Lopes, R. de Barra, M. de Zoysa, P. Dorrough, A. Dvoryanchikov, N. Eller, A. Engelmann, J.B. Euh, H. Fang, X. Fiedler, S. Foster-Gimbel, O.A. Fülöp, M. Gardarsdottir, R.B. Gill, C.M.H.D. Glöckner, A. Graf, S. Grigoryan, A. Gritskov, V. Growiec, K. Halama, P. Hartanto, A. Hopthrow, T. Hřebíčková, M. Iliško, D. Imada, H. Kapoor, H. Kawakami, K. Khachatryan, N. Kharchenko, N. Khoury, N. Kiyonari, T. Kohút, M. Linh, L.T. Leslie, L.M. Li, Y. Li, N.P. Li, Z. Liik, K. Maitner, A.T. Manhique, B. Manley, H. Medhioub, I. Mentser, S. Mohammed, L. Nejat, P. Nipassa, O. Nussinson, R. Onyedire, N.G. Onyishi, I.E. Özden, S. Panagiotopoulou, P. Perez-Floriano, L.R. Persson, M.S. Pheko, M. Pirttilä-Backman, A.-M. Pogosyan, M. Raver, J. Reyna, C. Rodrigues, R.B. Romanò, S. Romero, P.P. Sakki, I. San Martin, A. Sherbaji, S. Shimizu, H. Simpson, B. Szabo, E. Takemura, K. Tieffi, H. Mendes Teixeira, M.L. Thanomkul, N. Tiliouine, H. Travaglino, G.A. Tsirbas, Y. Wan, R. Widodo, S. Zein, R. Zhang, Q.-P. Zirganou-Kazolea, L. Van Lange, P.A.M.

Abstract

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. Cecilia Reyna was incorrectly associated with ‘Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Facultad de Psicología (UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, Bv. de la Reforma esquina, Enfermera Gordillo s/n, Córdoba, Argentina.’ instead of the correct ‘Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, República Argentina.’ This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. © The Author(s) 2021

Published
2021

15. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Aycan, Zeynep (ORCID 0000-0003-4784-334X & YÖK ID 5798); Özden, Seniha, Eriksson, K.; Strimling, P.; Gelfand, M.; Wu, J.; Abernathy, J.; Akotia, C. S.; Aldashev, A.; Andersson, P. A.; Andrighetto, G.; Anum, A.; Arıkan, G.; Bagherian, F.; Barrera, D.; Basnight-Brown, D.; Batkeyev, B.; Belaus, A.; Berezina, E.; Björnstjerna, M.; Blumen, S.; Boski, P.; Zeineddine, F. B.; Bovina, I.; Huyen, B. T. T.; Cardenas, J. C.; Čekrlija, Đ.; Choi, H. S.; Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C.; Costa-Lopes, R.; de Barra, M.; de Zoysa, P.; Dorrough, A.; Dvoryanchikov, N.; Eller, A.; Engelmann, J. B.; Euh, H.; Fang, X.; Fiedler, S.; Foster-Gimbel, O. A.; Fülöp, M.; Gardarsdottir, R. B.; Gill, C. M. H. D.; Glöckner, A.; Graf, S.; Grigoryan, A.; Gritskov, V.; Growiec, K.; Halama, P.; Hartanto, A.; Hopthrow, T.; Hřebíčková, M.; Iliško, D.; Imada, H.; Kapoor, H.; Kawakami, K.; Khachatryan, N.; Kharchenko, N.; Khoury, N.; Kiyonari, T.; Kohút, M.; Linh, L. T.; Leslie, L. M.; Li, Y.; Li, N. P.; Li, Z.; Liik, K.; Maitner, A. T.; Manhique, B.; Manley, H.; Medhioub, I.; Mentser, S.; Mohammed, L.; Nejat, P.; Nipassa, O.; Nussinson, R.; Onyedire, N. G.; Onyishi, I. E.; Panagiotopoulou, P.; Perez-Floriano, L. R.; Persson, M. S.; Pheko, M.; Pirttilä-Backman, A. M.; Pogosyan, M.; Raver, J.; Reyna, C.; Rodrigues, R. B.; Romanò, S.; Romero, P. P.; Sakki, I.; San Martin, A.; Sherbaji, S.; Shimizu, H.; Simpson, B.; Szabo, E.; Takemura, K.; Tieffi, H.; Mendes Teixeira, M. L.; Thanomkul, N.; Tiliouine, H.; Travaglino, G. A.; Tsirbas, Y.; Wan, R.; Widodo, S.; Zein, R.; Zhang, Q. P.; Zirganou-Kazolea, L.; Van Lange, P. A. M., College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Aycan, Zeynep (ORCID 0000-0003-4784-334X & YÖK ID 5798); Özden, Seniha, Eriksson, K.; Strimling, P.; Gelfand, M.; Wu, J.; Abernathy, J.; Akotia, C. S.; Aldashev, A.; Andersson, P. A.; Andrighetto, G.; Anum, A.; Arıkan, G.; Bagherian, F.; Barrera, D.; Basnight-Brown, D.; Batkeyev, B.; Belaus, A.; Berezina, E.; Björnstjerna, M.; Blumen, S.; Boski, P.; Zeineddine, F. B.; Bovina, I.; Huyen, B. T. T.; Cardenas, J. C.; Čekrlija, Đ.; Choi, H. S.; Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C.; Costa-Lopes, R.; de Barra, M.; de Zoysa, P.; Dorrough, A.; Dvoryanchikov, N.; Eller, A.; Engelmann, J. B.; Euh, H.; Fang, X.; Fiedler, S.; Foster-Gimbel, O. A.; Fülöp, M.; Gardarsdottir, R. B.; Gill, C. M. H. D.; Glöckner, A.; Graf, S.; Grigoryan, A.; Gritskov, V.; Growiec, K.; Halama, P.; Hartanto, A.; Hopthrow, T.; Hřebíčková, M.; Iliško, D.; Imada, H.; Kapoor, H.; Kawakami, K.; Khachatryan, N.; Kharchenko, N.; Khoury, N.; Kiyonari, T.; Kohút, M.; Linh, L. T.; Leslie, L. M.; Li, Y.; Li, N. P.; Li, Z.; Liik, K.; Maitner, A. T.; Manhique, B.; Manley, H.; Medhioub, I.; Mentser, S.; Mohammed, L.; Nejat, P.; Nipassa, O.; Nussinson, R.; Onyedire, N. G.; Onyishi, I. E.; Panagiotopoulou, P.; Perez-Floriano, L. R.; Persson, M. S.; Pheko, M.; Pirttilä-Backman, A. M.; Pogosyan, M.; Raver, J.; Reyna, C.; Rodrigues, R. B.; Romanò, S.; Romero, P. P.; Sakki, I.; San Martin, A.; Sherbaji, S.; Shimizu, H.; Simpson, B.; Szabo, E.; Takemura, K.; Tieffi, H.; Mendes Teixeira, M. L.; Thanomkul, N.; Tiliouine, H.; Travaglino, G. A.; Tsirbas, Y.; Wan, R.; Widodo, S.; Zein, R.; Zhang, Q. P.; Zirganou-Kazolea, L.; Van Lange, P. A. M., College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, and Department of Psychology

Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about people's preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in people's perception of the appropriateness of norm violations., Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences; Riksbankens Jubileumsfond; Czech Science Foundation; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology; Stockholm University

Published
2021

16. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Eriksson, Kimmo, Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P. A., Andrighetto, Giulia, Anum, A., Arikan, G., Aycan, Z., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Bou Zeineddine, F., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Cardenas, J. -C, Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. -S, Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L. T., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Özden, S., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M. S., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. -M, Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Mendes Teixeira, M. L., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q. -P, Zirganou-Kazolea, L., Van Lange, P. A. M., Eriksson, Kimmo, Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P. A., Andrighetto, Giulia, Anum, A., Arikan, G., Aycan, Z., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Bou Zeineddine, F., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Cardenas, J. -C, Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. -S, Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L. T., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Özden, S., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M. S., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. -M, Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Mendes Teixeira, M. L., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q. -P, Zirganou-Kazolea, L., and Van Lange, P. A. M.

Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate.

Published
2021
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33. IJCM_34A: Usage of complementary / alternative medicine (CAM) and perception towards it among cancer patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals

Author

Pai Gagan A, Lobo Aaron Rolf, Biradar Basavaraj, Kapoor Harshith, Diggi Manjunath, Holla Ramesh, Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran, Rekha T, Motappa Rohith, and Rao Mithun

Subjects
cam, cancer, health systems, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Cancer being a deadly disease, cancer victims face great challenges with respect to their routines, roles and relationships. The usage of other means to cure illness is called complementary and alternative medicine or CAM. This study is done to determine the proportion and usage pattern of CAM for cancer treatment and to assess the perception towards CAM among cancer patients. Methodologys: It was a Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out among cancer patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals attached to a medical college. The interview schedule was prepared which consists of four sections including the socio-demographic details, details about the diagnosis and treatment of cancer among the study participants, details about the usage pattern of Complementary medicine, and the perception of cancer victims towards Complementary medicine for cancer treatment. Data will be entered and analyzed by using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.5. Results: Out of 105 participants majority of cancer patients,74 (70%) of them were of the age group between 40- 70 years. 65% of the patients had addictions among which 60 (90.9%) were addicts for more than 10 years. The majority of the patients underwent radiotherapy 85 (81.0%), followed by Chemotherapy 72 (68.6%), The number of patients that have used CAM in our study was found to be 12 (11.4%). Many of them chose Ayurveda as their type of CAM 5 (41.7%) followed by home remedies usage 4 (25%). 39 (38.5%) believe that there should be more evidence that CAM works while 38 (33.8%) don’t need any evidence about it. 45 (42.9%) feel that CAM treatment does not work in the treatment of cancer while 35 (33.3%) remained neutral in this aspect. 85 (81.0%) are satisfied with present cancer treatment. 78 (74.3%) agreed that Modern medicine is most effective for treatment of cancer. Conclusion: The usage of CAM in our study was found to be minimal. The majority of the participants are satisfied with modern medicine and most of the patients are satisfied with allopathic treatment.

Published
2024
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35. Cold Test and Performance Evaluation of Prototype Cryoline-X

Author

Shah, N, primary, Choukekar, K, additional, Kapoor, H, additional, Muralidhara, S, additional, Garg, A, additional, Kumar, U, additional, Jadon, M, additional, Dash, B, additional, Bhattachrya, R, additional, Badgujar, S, additional, Billot, V, additional, Bravais, P, additional, and Cadeau, P, additional

Published
2017
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36. Acceptance tests and their results for 1st Pre-Series Cryoline (PTCL) of ITER

Author

Kapoor, H., primary, Garg, A., additional, Shah, N., additional, Muralidhara, S., additional, Choukekar, K., additional, Dash, B., additional, Gaur, V., additional, Madeenavalli, S., additional, Patel, P., additional, Kumar, U., additional, Jadon, M., additional, Shukla, V., additional, Sarkar, B., additional, Sarvaiya, Y., additional, Mukherjee, D., additional, Dutta, A., additional, Murugan, KV., additional, Gajera, S., additional, Joshi, B., additional, and Panjwani, R., additional

Published
2017
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37. Status of ITER Cryodistribution and Cryoline project

Author

Sarkar, B, primary, Vaghela, H, additional, Shah, N, additional, Bhattacharya, R, additional, Choukekar, K, additional, Patel, P, additional, Kapoor, H, additional, Srinivasa, M, additional, Chang, H S, additional, Badgujar, S, additional, and Monneret, E, additional

Published
2017
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45. Effect of omeprazole on movement of intravenously administered metronidazole into gastric juice and its significance in treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Author

Veldhuyzen van Zanten Sj, P. T. Pollak, Kapoor H, and Pollen K.F. Yeung

Subjects
Adult, Physiology, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Biological Transport, Active, Pharmacology, Helicobacter Infections, Metronidazole, Gastric mucosa, medicine, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Omeprazole, Antibacterial agent, Gastric Juice, biology, Helicobacter pylori, business.industry, Stomach, Gastroenterology, Drug interaction, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gastric Mucosa, Drug Therapy, Combination, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Four healthy, Helicobacter-negative volunteers were studied to determine the effect of omeprazole on the movement of metronidazole across the gastric mucosa into the gastric lumen. Each received a 500-mg intravenous infusion of metronidazole and repeated serum, and gastric juice samples were obtained concomitantly over an 8-hr study via indwelling intravenous catheter and nasogastric tube. The same protocol was repeated following one week of oral omeprazole 20 mg twice daily. Metronidazole concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results demonstrated that: metronidazole moves rapidly from serum into gastric juice; omeprazole causes a marked reduction in total metronidazole concentrations in gastric juice, completely accounted for by pH-related shifts in the proportion of ionized metronidazole, but does not alter concentrations of nonionized metronidazole, which remain above the MIC level against H. pylori; and even under conditions where no pH-related drug trapping occurs (pH4), concentrations of metronidazole were higher in gastric juice than in serum during most of the study, indicating that a special transport mechanism may be operational. The practical implication of this effect of omeprazole in combination therapy with metronidazole remains to be established.

Published
1996

50. Performance Evaluation Approach for the Supercritical Helium Cold Circulators of ITER.

Author

Vaghela, H., Sarkar, B., Bhattacharya, R., Kapoor, H., Chalifour, M., Chang, H. -S., and Serio, L.

Subjects
SUPERCONDUCTING magnets, SUPERCRITICAL fluids, LIQUID helium, COOLING, CRYOPUMPS, PERFORMANCE evaluation, TOKAMAKS
Abstract

The ITER project design foresees Supercritical Helium (SHe) forced flow cooling for the main cryogenic components, namely, the superconducting (SC) magnets and cryopumps (CP). Therefore, cold circulators have been selected to provide the required SHe mass flow rate to cope with specific operating conditions and technical requirements. Considering the availability impacts of such machines, it has been decided to perform evaluation tests of the cold circulators at operating conditions prior to the series production in order to minimize the project technical risks. A proposal has been conceptualized, evaluated and simulated to perform representative tests of the full scale SHe cold circulators. The objectives of the performance tests include the validation of normal operating condition, transient and off-design operating modes as well as the efficiency measurement. A suitable process and instrumentation diagram of the test valve box (TVB) has been developed to implement the tests at the required thermodynamic conditions. The conceptual engineering design of the TVB has been developed along with the required thermal analysis for the normal operating conditions to support the performance evaluation of the SHe cold circulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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