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Immunizing mice with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein precursor (GPC), or with the GP38 domain of GPC, can be protective when the proteins are delivered with viral vectors or as a DNA or RNA vaccine. Subunit vaccines are a safe and cost-effective alternative to some vaccine platforms, but Gc and Gn glycoprotein subunit vaccines for CCHFV fail to protect despite eliciting high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses and the protective efficacy of recombinant NP, GP38, and GP38 forms (GP85 and GP160) associated with the highly glycosylated mucin-like (MLD) domain, as well as the NP + GP38 combination. Vaccination with GP160, GP85, or GP38 did not confer protection, and vaccination with the MLD-associated GP38 forms blunted the humoral immune responses to GP38, worsened clinical chemistry, and increased viral RNA in the blood compared to the GP38 vaccination. In contrast, NP vaccination conferred 100% protection from lethal outcome and was associated with mild clinical disease, while the NP + GP38 combination conferred even more robust protection by reducing morbidity compared to mice receiving NP alone. Thus, recombinant CCHFV NP alone is a promising vaccine candidate conferring 100% survival against heterologous challenge. Moreover, incorporation of GP38 should be considered as it further enhances subunit vaccine efficacy by reducing morbidity in surviving animals.

Low carbon steel material and T-joints are frequently used in ship building and steel constructions. Advantages such as high deposition rates, high quality and smooth weld metals and easy automation make cored wires preferable in these industries. In this study, low carbon steel materials with web and flange thicknesses of 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm were welded with conventional GMAW and double channel shielding gas metal arc welding (DMAG) method to form double fillet T-joints using metal cored wire. The difference between these two methods were characterized by measurements of mean welding parameters, Vickers hardness profiles, weld bead and HAZ geometry of the joints and thermal camera temperature measurements. When weld bead and HAZ geometries are focused, it was seen filler metal molten area increased and base metal molten area decreased in DMAG of low carbon steel. When compared with traditional GMAW, finer and acicular structures in weld metal and more homogenous and smaller grains in HAZ are obtained with double channel shielding gas metal arc welding.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) can cause severe human disease and is considered a WHO priority pathogen due to the lack of efficacious vaccines and antivirals. A CCHF virus replicon particle (VRP) has previously shown protective efficacy in a lethal Ifnar-/- mouse model when administered as a single dose at least 3 days prior to challenge. Here, we determine that non-specific immune responses are not sufficient to confer short-term protection, since Lassa virus VRP vaccination 3 days prior to CCHFV challenge was not protective. We also investigate how CCHF VRP vaccination confers protective efficacy by examining viral kinetics, histopathology, clinical analytes and immunity early after challenge (3 and 6 days post infection) and compare to unvaccinated controls. We characterize how these effects differ based on vaccination period and correspond to previously reported CCHF VRP-mediated protection. Vaccinating Ifnar-/- mice with CCHF VRP 28, 14, 7, or 3 days prior to challenge, all known to confer complete protection, significantly reduced CCHFV viral load, mucosal shedding, and markers of clinical disease, with greater reductions associated with longer vaccination periods. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in innate immune responses, T cell activation, or antibody titers after challenge between groups of mice vaccinated a week or more before challenge, but higher anti-NP antibody avidity and effector function (ADCD) were positively associated with longer vaccination periods. These findings support the importance of antibody-mediated responses in VRP vaccine-mediated protection against CCHFV infection.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching with graduated guidance on teaching the playing backgammon skill, which is one of the leisure skills, to children with "Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)". Three children with ASD participated in this research. A multiple probe design across the participants was used in order to examine the effectiveness graduated guidance on teaching playing backgammon skill. The research was conducted by using. The dependent variable of this research is the level of acquiring playing backgammon skill. Additionally, the independent variable of this research is graduated guidance. According to the findings of this study, graduated guidance was effective on teaching playing backgammon skill, which is one of the leisure skills. In other words, result of this study revealed that graduated guidance was effective on teaching backgammon playing skill to children with ASD. In addition, it was determined that after finished instruction sessions, children with ASD were able to maintain the playing backgammon skill that they learned and also generalize the acquired skill to different person. In the light of the limitations identified and the findings, recommendations were made for further research. [The publication year (2022) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year is 2023.]

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the explicit teaching method using "Augmented Reality (AR)" in teaching sensory organs to students with "Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)". The participants of this research are consist of three male students with ASD. They are attending Special Education Vocational School. The design of this research is the multiple probe design with probe conditions across subjects. The dependent variable of the research is the learning level of the structure and functions of the sensory organs of the students with ASD. The independent variable is the explicit teaching method using AR. The findings indicated that the explicit teaching method using AR is effective in teaching the structure and functions of the sensory organs in three students with ASD. It was revealed that the participants maintained their acquisitions about sensory organs they learned in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks. Additionally, generalization data indicated that three students with ASD generalized the skills they learned.

The wear behavior of cast A7075 and A7075/SAF 2205 composite material fabricated by vacuum-assisted investment flask casting was investigated under dry sliding condition. The wear tests were carried out using a “ball-on-disc” type tribometer. In the wear tests, 100Cr6 and ZrO2 balls were used as counterparts and the load, total distance and rotating speed were selected as 10 N, 100 m and 100 rpm, respectively. The results were evaluated using the friction coefficient–distance diagram, weight loss and wear rate. All worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope and wear characteristics of the materials were discussed as a function of the microstructural features. It was concluded that composite material had lower friction coefficient, less weight loss and slower wear rate than that of cast material.

The fact that the social studies course has an intense content for sustainable development makes it important to reveal the awareness of social studies teacher candidates on this issue. From this point of view, in this study, it was tried to determine the sustainable development awareness levels of social studies teacher candidates in terms of various variables. The study group of the research conducted in the survey model consists of 304 social studies teacher candidates studying at different universities in the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. The Sustainable Development Awareness Scale developed by Atmaca, Kiray and Pehlivan (2019) was used as a data collection tool in the research. The Cronbach Alpha value of this scale, which consists of social sustainability, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability sub-dimensions, was calculated as 0.91. In the analysis of the data, tests such as Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H were used as well as descriptive statistics. As a result of the research, it was determined that the scores of female participants in both social and environmental sustainability dimensions and the overall scale were higher than men. For all other analyzed variables, no significant difference was determined for both the dimensions of the scale and the overall scale. Based on the findings obtained from the research, various suggestions were presented based on the examination of the gender-related difference in other studies.

The purpose of this study is to examine the capability of chemistry teachers' scientific explanation on the subject of change of state related to daily life and their beliefs about scientific basis. The sample of this study constituted forty-six chemistry teachers working at different high schools in Gaziantep. The study was conducted following the phenomenographic research method. Within the scope of the study, a test consisting of open-ended questions was conducted to determine the teachers' capability to make scientific explanations and their beliefs about scientific explanations. Study findings showed that the chemistry teachers participating in this study had inadequacies in making scientific explanations and that their beliefs about scientific explanations were unsatisfactory.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between special education teacher candidates' selfefficacy beliefs and their technological pedagogical content knowledge levels. In this study, in which descriptive and relational research design was used, the participant group consisted of 446 special education teacher candidates from three universities. The Teacher Self-Efficacy Belief Scale (SSPS) and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale (TPACKS) were used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS package program and using parametric tests. It has been observed that the academic competence dimension, which is one of the sub-dimensions of special education teacher candidates, differs significantly according to the age and class variables, and the vocational competence dimension differs significantly according to the gender variable. It was understood that the TPACK scores differed in favor of the older age and class according to the age and class variables. It has been reported that there is a positive and significant relationship between SAS scores and TPACK scores, and that TPACK mean scores explain 18% of self-efficacy beliefs. It has been concluded that as the education level and life experience of the special education teacher candidates are above the average, both self-efficacy belief and technology knowledge increase.

In recent decades, the prevalence of inborn errors of immunity has increased, necessitating the development of more effective treatment and care options for these highly morbid conditions. Due to these “experiments of nature,” the complicated nature of the immune system is being revealed. Based on the functional and molecular tests, targeted therapies are now being developed which offer a more effective approach and reduce damage. This study aimed to investigate a key cytokine of the cellular immune response, interferon‐gamma (IFN-γ), which is linked to Mendelian susceptibility to Mycobacterial disease, and its potential as a therapeutic option for IFN-γ deficiency.

BACKGROUND: The Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum may cause cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure. Non-invasive measurement of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath by ultrasonography can provide early recognition of intracranial pressure. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) changes in patients who undergo laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position and make indirect conclusions about changes in intracranial pressure. DESIGN: Prospective, observational SETTING: Laparoscopic surgeries PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients aged 18-75 years who underwent laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position under general anesthesia were included in our study. The ONSD was measured four times: Immediately after tracheal intubation, in the neutral position (baseline value) (T0), 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position (T1), 60 minutes after pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position (T2), and 10 minutes after the pneumoperitoneum is terminated and placed in the neutral position (T3). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Compare ONSD measured by ultrasonography at different times of surgery. SAMPLE SIZE: 40 RESULTS: Arterial carbon dioxide pressure increased with laparoscopy and Trendelenburg position in parallel with ONSD measurements and decreased again after returning to the neutral position. It was still higher than the baseline value at the T3. There was also a significant difference[a] between the measurement made at the T2 and the measurement made at T1. This difference showed that the prolongation of the Trendelenburg time was associated with an increase in ONSD. At the end of the operation it was observed that the decreased statistically significantly (T3) 10 minutes after the pneumoperitoneum was terminated and the position was corrected. However, the ONSD was still higher at the end of the operation (T3) compared to the baseline value measured at the beginning of the operation (T0). CONCLUSION: The ONSD increased in relation to Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum. With these results, we think the ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD, a non-invasive method, can be used for clinical follow-up when performing laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position in cases requiring intracranial pressure monitoring. LIMITATIONS: There may be variations in the measurement of ONSD, even in the measurements of the same practitioner, as in all imaging with an ultrasonography device.

Bu çalışma, sismisitesi yüksek, aynı zamanda jeomorfolojik yapısı ve yüksek yağış rejimi ile heyelan probleminin sıklıkla gündeme geldiği bölgelerden biri olan Sakarya ilinin Karapürçek ilçesinde meydana gelmiş bir kütle hareketinin bütünleşik jeofizik yöntemler ile modellenmesini amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda heyelan yüzeyinde farklı fiziksel özelliklere duyarlı iki boyutlu (2B) elektik rezistivite tomografisi (ERT), aktif yüzey dalgaları analizi (MASW) ve mikrotremör (HVSR) yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Jeofizik kesitler ile heyelan içyapısının gerçeğe daha yakın modellenebilmesi için jeolojik zemin sondajlarına da başvurulmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen bütünleşik çalışmalarda, yüksek özdirence ve kayma dalgası hızına (Vs) sahip heterojen yapıda kırıklı-çatlaklı arkozik kumtaşı malzemesinin alışagelmiş kütle hareketi modellerinin aksine düşük özdirence ve Vs hızına sahip kiltaşı üzerinde hareket ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu karakterizasyon mikrotremörden elde edilen doruk genlik frekans değerlerinin düşük frekanslara doğru hareketi ile de desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca alt kotlara doğru yeni kayma düzlemleri ile gerçekleşen ilerleyişin peneplen vadi sırtında bir rotasyona uğradığı ve farklı yönde bir kayma düzlemine evrildiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar çalışma alanındaki kütle hareketini tanımlayan basitleştirilmiş bir şematik diyagram üzerinde de verilmiştir. Son olarak heyelan karakterizasyonu kapsamında gerçekleştirilen bu gibi çalışmaların kütle hareketini önlemedeki rolü ve farklı disiplinlere sağladığı katkı ortaya konmuştur.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the concept map presented by using augmented reality technology in the teaching of the basic features of animals to the 6th grade students with mild intellectual disability who benefit from inclusion interventions. Three students with mild intellectual disability who benefited from inclusion interventions participated in the research. One of the single-subject research models, the multiple probe design with probe conditions across subjects, was used in the study. While the dependent variable of the study is the level of learning the basic features of animals of students with intellectual disability, the independent variable of the research is the concept map method presented using augmented reality. The findings of the research shows that the concept map using augmented reality technology in teaching is effective in teaching the basic features of animals to the three participants who participated in the research. Besides, it was observed that the participants retained the basic features of the animals they learned one, three and four weeks after the end of the intervention, and exhibited what they learned when different individuals gave instructions. For the social validity of the research, the teachers of the participants were interviewed, and the they expressed positive opinions about both the target behaviors and the concept map method using augmented reality technology.

Molybdenum carbide has various applications for which studying the material using classical molecular dynamics simulations would be valuable. Here, we develop an empirical potential within the Tersoff formalism using particle swarm optimization for the orthorhombic phase of Mo2C. The developed potential is shown to predict lattice constants, elastic properties, and equation of state results that are consistent with current and previously reported results from experiments and first principles calculations. We demonstrate the potential with simulations of indentation using multiple indenter sizes that load and unload in three different directions relative to the crystallographic lattice of orthorhombic Mo2C. Direction-dependent force-displacement trends are analyzed and explained in terms of the spatial distributions of stress and strain within the material during indentation. This study reveals the anisotropic elasticity of orthorhombic Mo2C and, more generally, provides researchers with a new empirical potential that can be used to explore the properties and behavior of the material going forward.