Search

Studies are being conducted to develop strategies to reduce the adverse effects of salinity stress. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the interactive effects of salinity stress with biochar on plant growth-the physiological and biochemical attributes of forage peas (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.). Salt applications were carried out with irrigation water at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three applications [control: 0 (B0), 2.5% biochar (B1), and 5% biochar (B2)], five salt doses [0 (S0), 25 (S1), 50 (S2), 75 (S3), and 100 (S4) mM NaCl], and three replications, arranged in a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement. In the salt-stressed environment, the highest plant height (18.75 cm) and stem diameter (1.71 mm) in forage pea seedlings were obtained with the application of B1. The root fresh (0.59 g/plant) and dry weight (0.36 g/plant) were determined to be the highest in the B1 application, both in non-saline and saline environments. A decrease in plant chlorophyll content in forage pea plants was observed parallel to the increasing salt levels. Specifically, lower H2O2, MDA, and proline content were determined at all salt levels with biochar applications, while in the B0 application these values were recorded at the highest levels. Furthermore, in the study, it was observed that the CAT, POD, and SOD enzyme activities were at their lowest levels at all salt levels with the biochar application, while in the B0 application, these values were determined to be at the highest levels. There was a significant decrease in plant mineral content, excluding Cl and Na, parallel to the increasing salt levels. The findings of the study indicate that biochar amendment can enhance forage peas' growth by modulating the plant physiology and biochemistry under salt stress. Considering the plant growth parameters, no significant difference was detected between 2.5% and 5% biochar application. Therefore, application of 2.5 biochar may be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the interactive effects of drought stress with biochar on plant growth, the physiological and biochemical attributes of soybean seedlings. A pot trial tested the effect of amending a loamy sandy soil with biochar at three doses: 0%, 3% and 6% in the alleviation of drought stress, imposed by adjusting soil moisture content at three levels (in terms of soil field capacity, FC): 100% FC, 75% FC and 50% FC. Water deficit negatively influenced the growth of soybean seedlings and chlorophyll content of leaves, particularly in non-amended plants whereas biochar amendment boosted the growth and chlorophyll content, particularly under drought stress. Drought stress elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, sucrose and abscisic acid (ABA) contents as well as the antioxidant enzyme activity [peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] of soybean leaves but reduced the contents of indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA); biochar amendment counteracted the impact of drought. The findings of the study indicate that biochar amendment can enhance soybean growth by modulating the plant physiology and biochemistry under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Research in Medicine is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Warthin like papillary carcinoma of thyroid is a newly recognized uncommon variant that should be included among lymphocyte-rich lesions of thyroid. In this report 2 cases of Warthin like papillary carcinoma are reported. First case was a 44-year old male with a thyroid nodule of 1.6 cm, and second case was a 29-year old female with a thyroid nodule of 1.5 cm. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed to the nodules and both lesions were diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma according to the cytological findings. After surgery, histologically a tumor with papillary architecture in a background of lymphocytic thyroiditis were observed in both nodules. There were plasma cells and lymphocytes in the papillary stalks and interstisium and the tumor cells had oncocytic features and nuclei consistant with papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemically tumor cells were positive for CK19, HBME-1, CD15 (Leu-M1), hence both cases were diagnosed as Warthin-like tumor of the papillary thyroid carcinoma. Since this tumor share many cytological features with other pathologic entities as well, recognition of this variant is important not only for correct histological classification but also to provide adequate prognostic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis of the larynx and hypopharynx is an uncommon entity and rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of the laryngo-pharyngeal diseases. We describe a case of a 40-year-old man with tuberculous involvement of the aryepiglottic fold and medial wall of the sinus pyriformis mimicking a malignancy. Current literature concerning the clinical, histopathological, radiological and diagnostic features of this rare entity is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: As there is continuing disagreement among the observers on the differential diagnosis between the epithelial changes/lesions and neoplasms of the gallbladder, this multicentre study was planned in order to assess the rate of the epithelial gallbladder lesions in Turkey and to propose microscopy and macroscopy protocols., Material and Method: With the participation of 22 institutions around Turkey that were included in the Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Study Group, 89,324 cholecystectomy specimens sampled from 2003 to 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. The numbers of adenocarcinomas, dysplasias, intracholecystic neoplasms/adenomas, intestinal metaplasias and reactive atypia were identified with the review of pathology reports and the regional and countrywide incidence rates were presented in percentages., Results: Epithelial changes/lesions were reported in 6% of cholecystectomy materials. Of these epithelial lesions, 7% were reported as adenocarcinoma, 0.9% as high-grade dysplasia, 4% as low-grade dysplasia, 7.8% as reactive/regenerative atypia, 1.7% as neoplastic polyp, and 15.6% as intestinal metaplasia. The remaining lesions (63%) primarily included non-neoplastic polypoids/hyperplastic lesions and antral/pyloric metaplasia. There were also differences between pathology laboratories., Conclusion: The major causes of the difference in reporting these epithelial changes/lesions and neoplasms include the differences related to the institute's oncological surgery frequency, sampling protocols, geographical dissimilarities, and differences in the diagnoses/interpretations of the pathologists. It seems that the diagnosis may change if new sections are taken from the specimen when any epithelial abnormality is seen during microscopic examination of the cholecystectomy materials.

Indirect acute lung injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We investigated the link between Rho kinase (ROCK) activation and apoptotic cell death in sepsis induced acute lung injury. This hypothesis was tested by administering a specific, selective inhibitor of ROCK (Y-27632) to rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as; sham-operated, sham + Y-27632, CLP and CLP + Y-27632. Twenty-four hours later, each experiment was terminated and lungs analyzed. Histopathology was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the presence of apoptosis was evaluated through the TUNEL assay. Pulmonary activity of caspase 3 and ROCK 1 & 2 were measured by western blot. Interstitial edema, severely damaged pulmonary architecture with massive infiltration of the inflammatory cells and an increase in lung tissue TBARS levels as well as 3-NT to total tyrosine ratios were observed in untreated CLP animals. Pretreatment of animals with Y-27632, reduced lung injury in the CLP induced septic rats in each of these parameters of lung injury (p<0.05). Western immunoblot revealed active caspase cleavage and increased expression of active fragment of ROCK 1 & 2 in the CLP group. TUNEL assay showed an increase in percentage of apoptotic cells when comparing the CLP group with the CLP + Y-27632 group. These results suggest an important role of Rho kinase in sepsis induced lung injury by a mechanism that might be related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress mediated caspase cleavage leading to apoptosis.

Objective: Cascades that include β-catenin that has a function in adhesion and interaction with tumor suppressor genes such as APC have important roles in many neoplasms. The aim of the current study was to confirm the effect of the β-catenin pathway in breast tumor carcinogenesis and invasion., Material and Method: Polyclonal rabbit β-catenin antibody was applied to 52 cases of infiltrative ductal carcinoma and 28 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ using the Avidin Biotin complex immune peroxidase method. The intensity and cellular localization of immunostaining were evaluated and compared., Results: β-catenin immunoreactivity similar to that of normal epithelium was observed in 7 (8.75%) cases and weak or absent β-catenin expression was noted in 45 (56.25%) infiltrative ductal carcinoma cases. β-catenin expression was strong in 5 (6.25%) cases of ductal carcinoma in situ but weak or absent immunostaining was observed in 23 (28.75%) cases. Membranous β-catenin immunoreactivity was observed in 18 (22.5%) cases of infiltrative and 14 (%17.5) cases of ductal carcinoma in situ. Cytoplasmic immunostaining or complete absence of staining was noted in 34 (42.5%) cases of infiltrative and 14 (17.5%) cases of ductal carcinoma in situ., Conclusion: Similar quantitative and qualitative changes in β-catenin expression were detected in a considerable proportion of in situ and infiltrative ductal carcinomas in the current study. These findings suggest that β-catenin plays a role in the carcinogenesis of infiltrative ductal carcinoma but similar expression patterns of β-catenin in infiltrative and in situ ductal carcinomas indicates that changes in β-catenin expression occur early in carcinogenesis.

During the pathologic examination of neck dissection specimens, unexpected findings within lymph nodes may occasionally be uncovered. Such findings may include the presence of a second primary tumor or inflammatory disease, the discovery of which may have implications on management and prognosis. Incidental papillary thyroid carcinoma and necrotizing granulomatous inflammation were found in addition to squamous cell carcinoma metastasis in the pathological study of the neck dissection specimen in a 70-year-old male patient with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic features of this rare association were discussed in the light of the current literature.

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder in which glucocerebroside accumulates within the macrophages in any part of the body. Varying degrees of skeletal involvement may occur besides anemia, coagulation abnormalities and hepatosplenomegaly. Most of the factors influencing the quality of life in a patient with Gaucher disease are related to bone involvement. Gaucher cell deposits may extrude through cortical erosions and cause soft tissue masses around bones which are involved by the disease. We present a 38-year-old female patient with Gaucher disease who had a large intrapelvic mass originating from left iliac bone causing femoral compression neuropathy. The classification of disease is based on neurological involvement and if symptoms exist whether the symptoms are acute or subacute. The neurological impairment caused by compression by a tumor should be distinguished from the ones reported in neurogenic forms of the disease.

CD44 and beta-catenin are adhesion molecules expressed on a wide variety of cells. Failure of this expression is believed to lead to disruption of cell-cell adhesion and to neoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate the staining intensity of CD44 and beta-catenin in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. The proliferation index, PCNA staining, was also evaluated in these cases. The abnormal expression of beta-catenin significantly predominated in squamous cell carcinomas (n = 20, 76.9%) compared with keratoacanthomas (P = 0.002, chi2 = 7.8). Most keratoacanthomas (n = 11, 61.1%) more frequently showed strong staining intensity with CD44 compared with squamous cell carcinoma (P= 0.001, chi2 = 13.7). The proliferation index was higher in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.000, chi2 = 12.8). These findings suggest that CD44 and beta-catenin expression may have an important role in the development of malignancy and in the determination of biological features of keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

Ganglion cysts represent a rare pathology mostly encountered in the lumbar region of the spinal column. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a ganglion cyst at the L4-5 level in a 46-year-old woman who had a complaint of long-standing pain in her right leg. The cyst was completely excised following total laminectomy at L4. After surgery, her symptoms and neurological signs completely disappeared.

Aim: Because the presence or absence of H pylori infection has important implications for therapeutic decisions based on histological assessment, the reproducibility of Sydney system is important. The study was designed to test the reproducibility of features of Helicobacter pylori gastritis, using the updated Sydney classification., Methods: Gastric biopsies of 40 randomly selected cases of H pylori gastritis were scored semiquantitatively by three pathologists. Variables analysed included chronic inflammation, inflammatory activity, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, H pylori, surface epithelial damage. Kappa values below 0.5 represented poor, those between 0.5 and 0.75 good and values over 0.75 excellent interobserver agreement., Results: The best interobserver agreement (kappa=0.62) was present for intestinal metaplasia. The agreement was the poorest for evaluating atrophy (kappa=0.31)., Conclusion: Although the results of this study were in accordance with some previous studies, an excellent agreement could not be reached for any features of H pylori gastritis. This low degree of concordance is assumed to be due to the personal evaluation differences in grading the features, the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, and the ignorance to reach a consensus about the methods to be used in grading the features of H pylori gastritis before initiating the study.