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Three labdane-type diterpenes, namely coronalactoside I, hedychilactone A, and ( E )-labda-8(17),12-dien-15(16)-olide, along with the flavonoid glycoside Isolinariin A, were isolated from Heydichium coronarium . Structural elucidation employed spectroscopic techniques (IR, MS, NMR, and DEPT) and comparison with literature data. Pesticidal and antimicrobial activities were assessed. Isolinariin A exhibited potent nematicidal activity (71.33% mortality) against Meloidogyne incognita , while Coronalactoside I demonstrated strong inhibition of nematode egg hatchability (26.00% at 1 µg/mL). In insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura , ( E )-labda-8(17),12-dien-15(16)-olide displayed significant mortality (93.66% at 100 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies indicated favourable interactions with target proteins, suggesting potential in pest management. These findings propose the application of these compounds to mitigate the ecological impact of synthetic pesticides.

Hedychium coronarium plant has attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its diverse phytochemical composition and potential therapeutic applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and biological attributes of H. coronarium essential oils collected during different seasons in the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. The essential oils were extracted from the rhizomes using hydrodistillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus yielding between 0.07 % to 0.38 % (w/w). The major compounds identified by GC-MS analysis exhibited seasonal variations and included 1,8-cineole (26.6-38.5 %), coronarin E (11.9-18.8 %), α-pinene (5.00-14.9 %), α-terpineol (4.2-9.3 %), (E)-β-caryophyllene (1.2-9.7 %), and linalool (0.4-2.9 %). To illustrate the variations in oil composition, visualization techniques such as heat map and PCA were employed. The essential oils demonstrated potential biological activity in all tests conducted. The molecular modeling study indicated that the potential mechanism may be associated with acetylcholinesterase. Consequently, this study contributes to the development of novel natural pesticides., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)