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Vitamin D regulates not only bone metabolism but also many other processes, including the functioning of lymphocytes. Human T cells have a nuclear receptor for vitamin D (VDR). Studies to date have shown significant seasonal variations in conventional T cell populations in humans living in temperate climates.

Introduction and aim: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is characterised by periods of exacerbation and remission of symptoms such as pruritus, dry skin and eczematous lesions with characteristic morphology. The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on new treatments for atopic dermatitis. Review methods: The review was based on publicly available PubMed and Google Scholar databases from 2020 to 2024 using the following phrases: atopic dermatitis, treatment of atopic dermatitis, diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, epidemiology, biological treatment of atopic dermatitis, JAK inhibitors, stem cells, dermatitis. Brief description of the state of the art: Atopic dermatitis is a disease whose mechanism of origin is incompletely understood. It involves interactions between genotype, environment, and the immune system, and is largely related to the T-cell response. The main symptom is pruritus and dry skin leading to lichenification or exfoliation of the epidermis, which characterise the chronic form. Diagnosis is confirmed by clinical criteria such as skin lesions characteristic of AD, a family predisposition to allergic disease and a full history and skin tests. Treatment focuses on managing the symptoms associated with the disease and improving the patient's quality of life using mainly corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and antihistamines. Recent studies show positive effects of treatment with biologic drugs, JAK inhibitors, stem cells and provide great hope towards the development of treatments for atopic dermatitis. Summary: The authors emphasise the need for further research towards the development of promising, innovative treatments for atopic dermatitis in order to significantly improve patients' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vitamin D is one of the most important vitamins in affecting the human body. It turns out that its influence is not limited to its health-promoting effect on the skeletal system, but may also play an important role in the immune system. In our study, we focused precisely on this aspect of vitamin D's action. Review method: We used materials from PubMed for this purpose. We focused on articles and research papers published between 2019 and 2024. We reviewed the publications in terms of vitamin D supplementation and its effects on immunity, disease processes, patient recovery, COVID-19 patients, and some autoimmune diseases. Results: Some studies show that vitamin D supplementation significantly improves immune function. It also improves prognosis and reduces mortality in COVID-19. The number of complications and severity of the course also decreases. Vitamin D supplementation also has a positive effect on the course of autoimmune diseases, allowing a reduction in the incidence and improving the outcome of some of them. Unfortunately, not all studies prove such beneficial effects of vitamin D. What is important, however, is that vitamin D may have a beneficial effect on the course of diseases, and the low cost of its use and high availability may prove to be the key to medical development. Conclusions: Based on the accumulated studies, it can be concluded that vitamin D contributes to the improvement of immune system function. Some studies prove the beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on the course of some autoimmune diseases. The potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation, as well as its low cost, should be a key argument for further research and knowledge on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]