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The results of 1-year follow-up with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of 3 patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) were evaluated. The 3X3 mm OCTA imaging was performed in January 2017 and February 2018. The superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular density changes of the whole area, the parafoveal temporal and parafoveal nasal areas were examined. The mean whole, parafoveal temporal, and parafoveal nasal vessel densities at superficial capillary plexus were 51.31, 50.39, 54.57 at baseline and 49.93, 46.79, 51.83 at 1-year follow-up, respectively. The mean whole, parafoveal temporal and parafoveal nasal vessel densities at deep capillary plexus were 59.06, 59.05, 63.39 at baseline and 52.18, 54.68, 57.9 at 1-year follow-up, respectively. In this case series, it was shown quantitatively that vessel densities of MacTel2 patients markedly decreased over time, more pronounced in the deep capillary plexus.

In this study, it is aimed to make a detailed analysis of ethical dilemmas encountered in pharmacies. Our study is a descriptive study. Its universe consists of all 226 pharmacies located in the center of Malatya. The questionnaire, consisting of 14 questions, we prepared originally, was conducted for pharmacists who volunteered to participate face-to-face and online for two months in 2022. The analysis of the survey data was made with the 'SPSS' program and the level of significance was taken as p<0.05 for comparison tests. When the answers were examined, it was stated that almost all participants knew the definition of ethics, but when it came to ethical dilemma, 30.30% (n: 50) of undergraduate graduates and 15% (n: 3) of master's graduates stated that they did not know the concept of ethical dilemma. Considering the answers of the pharmacists participating in the survey, although there are not big differences from time to time, as the level of education increases, the increase in sensitivity to ethical issues and the level of discipline in professional practices is remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: It is well-established that individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) often exhibit autonomic dysfunction and a reduction in vagal function is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Vagally mediated heart rate recovery (HRR) can be assessed by analyzing the post-exercise heart rate (HR) decay. It is hypothesized that effective exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can enhance post-exercise parasympathetic function. This study aims to evaluate the impact of CR on HRR and other cardiac parameters in CAD patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center. It included patients with CAD who were referred to the CR unit and completed either 30 or 60 sessions. These patients were free from angina or angina-equivalent symptoms at the time of enrollment and were receiving guideline-directed medical therapy for ischemic heart disease. A customized CR program was implemented for each patient. To calculate HRR, the maximum HR during the exercise test and HR values at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after exercise cessation were recorded. The differences between the maximum HR and the HR values at the end of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd minutes after exercise were designated as HRR1, HRR2, and HRR3, respectively. Results: This study enrolled 104 patients with CAD. Following CR, there was a significant improvement in functional capacity, as assessed by the 6-minute walk test (from 367.83 [56.58] to 381.61 [53.76], P=0.001), and endurance, as measured by the Cycle Ergometer Test Maximum Watts (from 63.22 [22.29] to 77.38 [19.87], P<0.001). CR also led to a noteworthy increase in HRR1, HRR2, and HRR3 (P=0.036, P=0.015, P=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: In our study, both the functional capacity and endurance of CAD patients improved significantly after CR sessions. Additionally, HRR showed a substantial increase following CR, suggesting that exercise-based CR can enhance post-exercise parasympathetic function. HRR may serve as a potential prognostic marker for predicting outcomes in CR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The study aims to determine the opinions of ophthalmologists about the use of telemedicine applications in the field of ophthalmology. Methods: A standardized questionnaire consisting of 20 questions about demographic information and the use of telemedicine applications in ophthalmology was sent electronically to 110 ophthalmologists. The physicians were asked to answer the questionnaire, and the data were analyzed. Results: Of the 110 physicians who received the questionnaire, 87 answered all the questions in the questionnaire, and the results were evaluated based on the answers of 87 physicians. Only 9 (11%) of the physicians stated that they had sufficient knowledge about telemedicine, and it was observed that all of these physicians were between the ages of 24-34. Fifty-eight (67%) of the physicians stated that telemedicine applications could be used, and 60 (69%) stated that the patients would also benefit from these applications. It has been observed that the rate of physicians who think that the patient-physician relationship will be affected by these practices is only 29 (33%). Sixty-two (74%) of the physicians stated that the telemedicine services to be provided through voice communication and video transmission in the field of ophthalmology would be insufficient, and they stated that video conversation would be appropriate. Conclusion: The necessity of keeping up with the speed of technology development in health services will include telemedicine applications more in our lives. As a result of our study, we can predict that ophthalmologists will support this field if deficiencies are eliminated, and medicolegal regulations are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otolaryngologic emergency that, if left untreated, may result in permanent hearing loss. Our aim was to investigate the morphological effects in areas known as auditory centers in patients with idiopathic SSNHL (ISSNHL). Materials and Methods: In this study, magnetic resonance imaging's (MRIs) of 22 patients with ISSNHL (study group) and 31 patients without ISSNHL and any neurological disorder (control group) between January 2013 and January 2021 in a tertiary university hospital were retrospectively evaluated in which the volumes and percentages of gray and white matters of the brain, temporal lobe, and brainstem were calculated with an online MRI brain volumetry system known as fully automatic pipeline (vol2Brain). Results: It was found that the brain areas known as the hearing center had a smaller volume in patients with ISSHNL than in normal individuals. Age and gender were found to be effective in volumetric calculations. Conclusıon: Studies that can preserve brain volume for patients with ISSNHL can be included in treatment practices. More literature and clinical research are needed as there is no proven treatment for ISSNHL. Our study findings will support the literature in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]