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Absenteeism due to illness is recognized as a global public health problem, with major economic and social impacts. Furthermore, information about these conditions among firefighters, police officers, and other professionals in the military forces is very scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate dental absenteeism of the staff of the Military Police of São Paulo state in 2017. For this, demographic and functional data and information related to the type of absence from work were collected (logistic platform GIS - Health) to calculate odds ratios among socio-demographic and functional variables and convalescence (absence of up to 10 days). The index of severity, frequency, and mean duration of dental absences were also calculated, comparing them with sick leaves during the same period as well. We could identify 80,928 absences related to oral conditions. Functional, socio-demographic, and dental disease characteristics were associated with convalescence, i.e., officers over 50 years old, from the countryside, and in a work leave situation due to caries lesions, dental pulp conditions, or periodontal disease, were associated with absenteeism of up to 10 days. In the Military Police, in 2017, there was an average loss of work period of 2h/person/year exclusively from dental reasons. The mean duration of absences was 2.21 days. Thus, it seems that the older the officers and the further away from the capital of São Paulo, the longer the period of work absence. Furthermore, aging in the occupational context is a strong factor for absenteeism. Caries lesions and periodontal disease are also highly related to absenteeism when compared to other dental diseases. El ausentismo por enfermedad es conocido como un problema de salud pública mundial, con importantes impactos económicos y sociales. Sin embargo, la información sobre estas condiciones en bomberos, policías y otros profesionales de las fuerzas armadas es muy escasa. De esta forma, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los permisos por asistencia dental del personal de la Policía Militar del Estado de São Paulo en 2017. Para ello, se recopilaron datos demográficos y funcionales relacionados con el tipo de licencia (plataforma logística GIS - Salud) para calcular el odds ratio entre variables sociodemográficas, funcionales y convalecencia (ausencia de hasta 10 días). También se calculó el índice de severidad, frecuencia y duración promedio de las ausencias por asistencia al servicio dental, así como la comparación con las bajas por causas médicas en el mismo período. Se identificaron 80.928 ausencias relacionadas con condiciones bucales. Las características funcionales, sociodemográficas y de enfermedades dentales se asociaron con la convalecencia, o sea, policías con más de 50 años, del interior de SP y alejados por caries, condiciones pulpares o enfermedad periodontal se asociaron con el pedido de licencia de hasta 10 días En la Policía Militar, en 2017, hubo una baja promedio de servicio de 2h/persona/año exclusivamente por motivos odontológicos. La duración media de las ausencias fue de 2,21 días. Así, parece que cuanto mayor es la edad y cuanto más lejos de la capital paulista, mayor es el número de días de ausentismo. Además, el envejecimiento en el contexto laboral es un fuerte factor de ausentismo. La caries y la enfermedad periodontal también están altamente relacionadas con el ausentismo en comparación con otras enfermedades dentales. O absenteísmo por doenças é reconhecido como um problema de saúde pública mundial, tendo grandes impactos econômicos e sociais. Ademais, informações a respeito destas condições em bombeiros, políciais e outros profissionais de serviços armados são muito escassas. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os afastamentos odontológicos do quadro de servidores da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo em 2017. Para isso, foram coletados os dados demográficos, funcionais e relacionados ao tipo de afastamento (plataforma logística SIGs – Saúde) para cálculo das razões de chances entre as variáveis sócio-demográficas e funcionais e convalescença (afastamentos de até 10 dias). Foi calculado também o índice de gravidade, de frequência e de duração média das ausências odontológicas, bem como o comparativo com os afastamentos por motivos médicos no mesmo período. Foram identificados 80.928 afastamentos relacionados a condições bucais. As características funcionais, sócio-demográficas e da doença odontológica estiveram associadas a convalescença, ou seja, policiais acima de 50 anos, do interior de SP e afastados por lesões de cárie, condições pulpares ou doença periodontal estiveram associados à presença de afastamento de até 10 dias. Na Polícia Militar, em 2017, houve uma média de perda de serviço de 2h/pessoa/ano exclusivamente por motivo odontológico. A duração média das ausências foi de 2,21 dias. Assim, parece que quanto maior a idade e mais distante da capital paulista, maior o número de dias de absenteísmo. Ademais, o envelhecimento no contexto ocupacional é um forte fator para o absenteísmo. Cárie e doença periodontal também estão altamente relacionadas ao absenteísmo quando comparadas às demais doenças odontológicas.

O absenteísmo por doenças é reconhecido como um problema de saúde pública mundial, tendo grandes impactos econômicos e sociais. Ademais, informações a respeito destas condições em bombeiros, políciais e outros profissionais de serviços armados são muito escassas. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os afastamentos odontológicos do quadro de servidores da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo em 2017. Para isso, foram coletados os dados demográficos, funcionais e relacionados ao tipo de afastamento (plataforma logística SIGs – Saúde) para cálculo das razões de chances entre as variáveis sócio-demográficas e funcionais e convalescença (afastamentos de até 10 dias). Foi calculado também o índice de gravidade, de frequência e de duração média das ausências odontológicas, bem como o comparativo com os afastamentos por motivos médicos no mesmo período. Foram identificados 80.928 afastamentos relacionados a condições bucais. As características funcionais, sócio-demográficas e da doença odontológica estiveram associadas a convalescença, ou seja, policiais acima de 50 anos, do interior de SP e afastados por lesões de cárie, condições pulpares ou doença periodontal estiveram associados à presença de afastamento de até 10 dias. Na Polícia Militar, em 2017, houve uma média de perda de serviço de 2h/pessoa/ano exclusivamente por motivo odontológico. A duração média das ausências foi de 2,21 dias. Assim, parece que quanto maior a idade e mais distante da capital paulista, maior o número de dias de absenteísmo. Ademais, o envelhecimento no contexto ocupacional é um forte fator para o absenteísmo. Cárie e doença periodontal também estão altamente relacionadas ao absenteísmo quando comparadas às demais doenças odontológicas.

8 pages; International audience; In Lepidoptera, male investment in the ejaculate usually declines over consecutive matings, a depletion that could have profound consequences for female reproductive output. Since successive matings can affect the ability of males to provide phenotypic benefits, there may be strong selection for females to discriminate between males with different mating experience. The aim of our study was to determine whether monandrous females of the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, are able to discriminate between males of different quality based on their mating experience in order to maximize direct benefits (by receiving large spermatophores from virgin males) and minimize mating costs (by avoiding low-quality nonvirgin males). Nonvirgin males produced spermatophores five times smaller than those of virgin males; consequently, mating with nonvirgin males significantly reduced female fecundity and increased their motivation to remate. In a mate preference experiment, we found that females were more likely to mate with virgin males and more frequently rejected nonvirgin mates. Moreover, nonvirgin males required more time to achieve mating than virgin males. Our results suggest that females are able to discriminate between males with different mating experience, and prefer virgin males, thereby maximizing direct benefits associated with receiving large spermatophores.

15 pages; International audience; Phytophagous insects have been at the heart of investigations of ecological speciation, and it is clear that adaptation to different host plant species can promote host race formation and insect speciation. However, the evolution of host races has typically been studied at the plant species scale, using sympatric populations of insects that are specialized on particular plant species. Because many crop pest species are adapted to various plant varieties selected from a single plant species, it is of interest to establish whether reproductive barriers could evolve at this much smaller geographical scale, between individuals exploiting different plant varieties. To assess this we evaluated premating and postmating prezygotic barriers among sympatric populations of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana originated from different cultivars of the same plant species (Vitis vinifera), and between allopatric populations originated from different geographical sites. We found weak reproductive isolation for sympatric populations of L. botrana, but marked reproductive isolation among allopatric populations. In sympatric populations, the only effect was on the latency period prior to mating, which was longer for heterotypic partners that originated from different cultivars than for homotypic partners originated from the same cultivar. In allopatric populations, reproductive isolation was evident in both premating barriers and postmating prezygotic barriers. In summary, we did not find any trend for sympatric host race formation in L. botrana, but the occurrence of non-random mating patterns between different allopatric populations suggests the beginning of reproductive isolation, which could lead to the evolution of cryptic species of L. botrana.

The aim of this study was to investigate Nd:YAG and COLasers are promising in the prevention of enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets; however, there are very few studies that evaluate if the effects of treatment could be extended after successive acid challenge cycles due to permanent enamel structural alterations.Human enamel samples were divided into five groups (n = 12): G1-application of 1.23% acidulated fluoride phosphate gel (AFP, control); G2-Nd:YAG laser irradiation (0.6 W, 84.9 J/cmG1: 50.87 ± 4.57; G2: 47.72 ± 2.87; G3: 50.96 ± 4.01; G4: 28.21 ± 2.19; and G5: 30.13 ± 6.38. The COOnly the CO

9 pages; International audience; In Lepidoptera, males transfer a spermatophore to females containing sperm and accessory gland secretions that are reinvested into female reproduction, providing a fitness gain to females. One of the key factors shaping male spermatophore size is certainly the resources that males have acquired as larvae. In this study, we investigate how male larval food contributes to shaping the spermatophore quantity and quality and how it affects female reproduction in the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana). Specifically, we examined the effect of male origin (cultivar or geographical site) on their mating success by scoring individual motivation to mate, male spermatophore size and amount of sperm, and finally female fecundity and fertility. A strong effect of larval cultivar was found on spermatophore size and amount of fertilizing sperm produced by males. These male characteristics had important repercussions on female reproductive output. Females mating with males producing the biggest spermatophore and more fertilizing sperm were the most fecund and fertile. Finally, females were able to recognize males of different quality during the precopulatory phase and changed their mating behavior accordingly. The present results suggest that male nutritional quality could have an important implication for population dynamics.

Background. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are involved in the development and function of multiple organs and organ systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). FGF signaling via FGFR1, one of the three FGFRs expressed in the CNS, stimulates proliferation of stem cells during prenatal and postnatal neurogenesis and participates in regulating cell-type ratios in many developing regions of the brain. Anomalies in FGFR1 signaling have been implicated in certain neuropsychiatric disorders. Fgfr1 expression has been shown, via in situ hybridization, to vary spatially and temporally throughout embryonic and postnatal development of the brain. However, in situ hybridization lacks sufficient resolution to identify which cell-types directly participate in FGF signaling. Furthermore, because antibodies raised against FGFR1 commonly cross-react with other members of the FGFR family, immunocytochemistry is not alone sufficient to accurately document Fgfr1 expression. Here, we elucidate the identity of Fgfr1 expressing cells in both the embryonic and perinatal mouse brain. Methods. To do this, we utilized a tgFGFR1-EGFPGP338Gsat BAC line (tgFgfr1-EGFP+) obtained from the GENSAT project. The tgFgfr1-EGFP+ line expresses EGFP under the control of a Fgfr1 promoter, thereby causing cells endogenously expressing Fgfr1 to also present a positive GFP signal. Through simple immunostaining using GFP antibodies and cell-type specific antibodies, we were able to accurately determine the cell-type of Fgfr1 expressing cells. Results. This technique revealed Fgfr1 expression in proliferative zones containing BLBP+ radial glial stem cells, such as the cortical and hippocampal ventricular zones, and cerebellar anlage of E14.5 mice, in addition to DCX+ neuroblasts. Furthermore, our data reveal Fgfr1 expression in proliferative zones containing BLBP+ cells of the anterior midline, hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus, and cerebellum of P0.5 mice, in addition to the early-formed GFAP+ astrocytes of the anterior midline. Discussion. Understanding when during development and where Fgfr1 is expressed is critical to improving our understanding of its function during neurodevelopment as well as in the mature CNS. This information may one day provide an avenue of discovery towards understanding the involvement of aberrant FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric disorders.

9 pages; International audience; The mating propensity of an individual is expected to depend on the costs and benefits of mating, which may vary across the sexes and across different mating opportunities. Both males and females should gain fitness either by mating with multiple mates and/or by mating with higher quality mates. Therefore, an important question in the area of sexual selection concerns what makes an optimal mate. From a female perspective, females are expected to prefer males providing direct material benefits for the present generation and/or indirect genetic benefits for their offspring in the subsequent generation. Because the male's contribution to these benefits can be limited, as reproduction imposes nontrivial costs on males, the female's benefits from mating can vary markedly as a function of the condition of her mate. In capital breeding species, in which males invest most of their larval resources in a single reproductive event, the females are likely to prefer to mate with virgin males in good condition (i.e. males that have developed on high-quality food sources). In this study we used the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, to test experimentally whether the larval nutrition and mating history of males influence their quality as mates. We provided wild L. botrana males originating from different cultivars and vineyards with unlimited access to standardized females, and examined the lifetime reproductive success of the males and the consequences for the reproductive output of females. Our results show that ‘male quality’ depended on both the male larval origin and mating history, and that females discriminated between males and mated more with males having high spermatophore quality (virgin males and males from certain cultivars or vineyards) to obtain substantial direct benefits.

(2006). Recognising the Victim in the Sentencing Phase: The Use of Victim Impact Statements in Court. South African Journal on Human Rights: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 647-663.

9 pages; International audience; The tritrophic interactions hypothesis, integrating bottom-up (plant-herbivore) and top-down (herbivore-natural enemies) effects, predicts that specialist herbivores should outcompete generalists. However, some phytophagous insects have generalist diets, suggesting that maintenance of a diverse diet may confer certain fitness advantages that outweigh diet specialization. In field conditions, the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, feeds on diverse locally rare alternative host plants (AHPs) although grapevines are a highly abundant and predictable food source. The laboratory studies presented here show that survival, growth, and constitutive levels of immune defences (concentration of haemocytes and phenoloxidase activity) of L. botrana larvae were significantly enhanced when they were fed AHPs rather than grape. These results indicated a strong positive effect of AHPs on life history traits and immune defences of L. botrana. Such positive effects of AHPs should be advantageous to the moth under heavy selective pressure by natural enemies and, as a consequence, favour the maintenance of a broad diet preference in this species. We therefore believe that our results account for the role of immunity in the maintenance of polyphagy in phytophagous insects.

Esthetic alterations (such as fluorosis) that result from intrinsic dental staining in enamel and dentin can be controlled or softened by noninvasive methods such as dental bleaching or enamel microabrasion. Part of the enamel is removed during microabrasion; however, this wear is clinically insignificant and does not harm the dental structure. This article presents a case in which the microabrasion technique was used to remove fluorosis staining. Based on the results of this case report, it can be concluded that this technique is efficient and can be considered a minimally invasive procedure.

Anterior knee pain is a common complaint, occurring in approximately 1 of 4 people; individuals involved in athletics report an even higher incidence. Often termed patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), the spectrum of symptoms varies greatly from one individual to another. Although PFPS is one of the most common clinical conditions treated by orthopaedic and sports physical therapists, a consensus as to how these patients should be managed does not exist. The chronicity of the disorder, level of pain and inflammation, activity level, and lower extremity alignment should all be considered when developing a management strategy. Treatment and exercise programs must be based on specific signs and symptoms of each individual. The purpose of this report, therefore, is to illustrate the diagnostic process in the development of a treatment plan for a patient with anterior knee pain after meniscal surgery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2000;30(3):138–142. doi:10.2519/jospt.2000.30.3.138