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Objetivou-se descrever o panorama epidemiológico das hepatites dos tipos B e C no Estado do Amapá, Brasil, na década compreendida entre os anos 2009 e 2018. O estudo se propôs a responder a seguinte pergunta-problema: quais as principais características epidemiológicas das infecções pelos vírus das hepatites B e C cujos casos foram notificados no estado do Amapá, no período 2009-2018? Trata-se de estudo descritivo, documental e retrospectivo, realizado a partir de dados coletados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), acessado através do sítio eletrônico do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS), em agosto de 2020. Considerando-se o recorte temporal de 2009 a 2018, investigaram-se, em relação à infecção pelos vírus das hepatites B e C, no estado do Amapá, as variáveis: “classificação etiológica”, “sexo”, “faixa etária”, “fonte mecânica da infecção”, e “forma clínica da infecção”. Os dados coletados foram organizados e analisados com auxílio do Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Verificou-se que, na década estudada, ocorreram 639 notificações de hepatites B e C no Amapá, com maior prevalência de hepatite do tipo B. O panorama epidemiológico das infecções, de acordo com as notificações do período investigado, revelou: maioria das pessoas na faixa etária adulta (72,21%), do sexo masculino (53,85%), com fonte mecânica da infecção ignorada (70,10%), e com forma clínica da infecção na fase crônica (89,56% – hepatite C; 76,33% – hepatite B). Acredita-se que o referido panorama poderia ajudar a subsidiar o planejamento em saúde para manejo adequado das Hepatites B e C no estado do Amapá, especialmente no que concerne ao diagnóstico precoce, uma vez que as formas crônicas da doença apresentam maior probabilidade de evolução para quadros clínicos mais graves, tais como cirroses e hepatocarcinomas, que apresentam maiores custos individuais e sociais, bem como elevado ônus financeiro para o sistema de saúde.

Esse artigo aborda a temática da influência dos exames de imagem no prognóstico da insuficiência cardíaca. O objetivo desta revisão é constatar os principais preditores no ecocardiograma, na tomografia computadorizada e na ressonância magnética que possuem relação com o prognóstico da insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica a partir de publicações de 2011 a 2021. Foram escolhidas as bases de dados PUBMED, SCIELO e LILACS, usando termos de busca identificados nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Os principais preditores do prognóstico relatados nas publicações incluem: a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (50% dos artigos), o volume ventricular (40% dos artigos), a pressão de enchimento das câmaras cardíacas (30% dos artigos), a detecção da etiologia (50% dos artigos) e a presença de fibrose (40 % dos artigos), de alterações valvares (30% dos artigos), e de alterações pulmonares (30% dos artigos). Conclui-se que os exames de imagem fornecem informações capazes de predizer o prognóstico dos portadores de IC e que as diferentes modalidades de imagem contribuem na melhora da precisão dos dados, no prognóstico e por consequência, no manejo adequado e promoção da qualidade de vida da pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca.

Cardiovascular effects of the linalool-rich essential oil of Aniba rosaeodora (here named as EOAR) in normotensive rats were investigated. In anesthetized rats, intravenous (i.v.) injection of EOAR induced dose-dependent biphasic hypotension and bradycardia. Emphasis was given to the first phase (phase 1) of the cardiovascular effects, which is rapid (onset time of 1-3 s) and not observed in animals submitted to bilateral vagotomy or selective blockade of neural conduction of vagal C-fibre afferents by perineural treatment with capsaicin. Phase 1 was also absent when EOAR was directly injected into the left ventricle injection, but it was unaltered by i.v. pretreatment with capsazepine, ondansetron or HC030031. In conscious rats, EOAR induced rapid and monophasic hypotensive and bradycardiac (phase 1) effects that were abolished by i.v. methylatropine. In endothelium-intact aortic rings, EOAR fully relaxed phenylephrine-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. The present findings reveal that phase 1 of the bradycardiac and depressor responses induced by EOAR has a vago-vagal reflex origin resulting from the vagal pulmonary afferents stimulation. Such phenomenon appears not to involve the recruitment of C-fibre afferents expressing 5HT3 receptors or the two chemosensory ion channels TRPV1 and TRPA1 . Phase 2 hypotensive response appears resulting from a direct vasodilatory action.

Previously, we showed that nitro-2-phenylethane is a vasorelaxant constituent of the essential oil of Aniba canelilla. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of 1-nitro-2-phenylethene (NPe), a structural analog of 1-nitro-2-phenylethane obtained synthetically, in rat isolated thoracic aortic preparations. At 0.1-100 μg/mL, NPe similarly relaxed endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded aortic preparations pre-contracted with 60mM KCl or with phenylephrine (PHE, 1 μM). Vasorelaxant effects of NPe against PHE-induced contractions remained unaffected following blockade of potassium channels by TEA, and inhibition of either nitric oxide synthase by l-NAME, cyclooxygenase by indomethacin or guanylate cyclase by ODQ. In preparations maintained under Ca(2+)-free conditions, NPe significantly reduced the contractions induced (i) by PHE, but not those evoked by caffeine, (ii) by CaCl2 in either PHE (in the presence of 1 μM verapamil)- or KCl-stimulated preparations, (iii) by extracellular Ca(2+) restoration in thapsigargin-treated aortic preparations, and (iv) by the activator of protein kinase C phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate or the inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase sodium orthovanadate. It is concluded that NPe induced an endothelium-independent vasorelaxation with potency greater than its structural analog 1-nitro-2-phenylethane. Such action appears to occur intracellularly probably through inhibition of contractile events that are clearly independent of Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular milieu.

Cardiovascular effects of the linalool-rich essential oil of Aniba rosaeodora (here named as EOAR) in normotensive rats were investigated. In anesthetized rats, intravenous (i.v.) injection of EOAR induced dose-dependent biphasic hypotension and bradycardia. Emphasis was given to the first phase (phase 1) of the cardiovascular effects, which is rapid (onset time of 1-3 s) and not observed in animals submitted to bilateral vagotomy or selective blockade of neural conduction of vagal C-fibre afferents by perineural treatment with capsaicin. Phase 1 was also absent when EOAR was directly injected into the left ventricle injection, but it was unaltered by i.v. pretreatment with capsazepine, ondansetron or HC030031. In conscious rats, EOAR induced rapid and monophasic hypotensive and bradycardiac (phase 1) effects that were abolished by i.v. methylatropine. In endothelium-intact aortic rings, EOAR fully relaxed phenylephrine-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. The present findings reveal that phase 1 of the bradycardiac and depressor responses induced by EOAR has a vago-vagal reflex origin resulting from the vagal pulmonary afferents stimulation. Such phenomenon appears not to involve the recruitment of C-fibre afferents expressing 5HT3 receptors or the two chemosensory ion channels TRPV1 and TRPA1 . Phase 2 hypotensive response appears resulting from a direct vasodilatory action.