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Abstract Background Increased awareness of the factors contributing to the diagnostic disparities seen in bipolar disorder between individuals of different heritage is needed to achieve equity in diagnosis and treatment. One such inequity is the provision of earlier treatment. Earlier treatment of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder may prolong time to recurrence of mood episodes and reduce functional impairment and other poor outcomes associated with disease progression. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to study the efficacy and safety of long-acting injectable aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400) in patients with earlier-stage bipolar I disorder (BP-I). Data from a 52-week multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial of AOM 400 versus placebo in patients with BP‑I (NCT01567527) were analyzed. Those patients in the lowest quartiles for age (18–≤32 years; n = 70) or disease duration (0.13–≤4.6 years; n = 67) at baseline were categorized with earlier-stage BP-I. The primary endpoint was time from randomization to recurrence of any mood episode. Other endpoints included proportion of patients with recurrence of any mood episode, and change from baseline in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total scores. Results Maintenance treatment with AOM 400 significantly delayed time to recurrence of any mood episode versus placebo in patients aged 18–≤32 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 5.55]; p = 0.0251) or with disease duration 0.13–≤4.6 years (HR: 3.21 [95% CI 1.35, 7.65]; p = 0.005). This was largely driven by a lower proportion of patients in the AOM 400 group with YMRS total score ≥15 or clinical worsening. Changes from baseline in MADRS total score in both earlier-stage groups indicated AOM 400 did not worsen depression versus placebo. The safety profile of AOM 400 was consistent with the original study. Note that the original study included patients who had previously been stabilized on AOM 400 monotherapy, which may have enriched the population with patients who respond to and tolerate AOM 400. Conclusions In this post hoc analysis, AOM 400 prolonged time to recurrence of any mood episode versus placebo in earlier-stage BP-I. These findings support early initiation of maintenance treatment with AOM 400.

This research aims to examine elements of Javanese culture in the novel "Garuda Gaganeswara Teka-Teki Jalan Lurus Melingkar" (GGTTJLM) using the Circuit of Culture Hall approach and Koentjraningrat Literary Anthropology. As a country rich in cultural diversity, Indonesia holds a rich culture that is the heritage of its people. However, the potential for social divisions can arise if this diversity is not properly understood and monitored. Children's literature, as depicted in Nilandari's work entitled "Garuda Gaganeswara: The Puzzle of a Straight and Circular Road", plays an important role in shaping, reflecting and inheriting the values, norms and traditions of society. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of phrases, words and discourse. Data collection was carried out through literature study using reading and note-taking techniques. The research results show that the representation of Javanese culture in the novel GGTTJLM reflects local wisdom, including myths about Dewi Sri and Masangin as seen from the perspective of the Circuit of Culture Hall. The identified cultural elements involve community activities in language, knowledge systems, social organization, living equipment and technology systems, livelihoods, religion and art.

Abstract Background The majority of persons with dementia (PWD) are mainly cared for by their family members in the home. Evidence is however scarce on family caregivers’ psychosocial burden and quality of life in Asian countries including Malaysia. This study describes the baseline data of a telephone-delivered psychoeducational intervention study and examines the determinants of outcome measures (caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms, quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy) among Malaysian family caregivers to PWD. Methods This was a cross-sectional study originated from the baseline survey of a randomized control trial of 121 family caregivers recruited from lists of PWD who were registered at memory and psychiatry clinics in three tertiary care hospitals in Malaysia. The participants were assessed for caregiver burden by the Zarit Burden Interview, depressive and anxiety symptoms by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life by the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure Scale, and caregiving self-efficacy by the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy. Results Prevalence of caregiver burden was 69.4%, depressive symptoms 32.2% and anxiety symptoms 32.2%. Family caregivers to PWD having perceived peer support e.g., social/family/friend/significant other supports were less likely to report caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and more likely to report higher levels of quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy. Being married and PWD’s ability to self-care were associated with lesser likelihood of experiencing caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms. The other determinants of greater probability of reporting better quality of life were caregivers’ employment and having Islamic faith. Marital status (married), PWD’s ability to self-care, spousal relationship with PWD and shared caregiving process were associated with higher likelihood of reporting caregiving self-efficacy. Conclusion Caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent in family caregivers to PWD in Malaysia. Social support and caregiving related factors influence family caregivers’ quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy. Implementing psychoeducational intervention and support in the psychiatry and memory clinics may help improve the psychosocial burden, quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy in family caregivers of PWD. Trial registration ISRCTN14565552 (retrospectively registered).

The objective of this research is to investigate the outcomes of analyzing the educational systems in Indonesia, specifically focusing on Islamic and general education. The literature study approach incorporates a total of 13 sources from books and 33 sources from scientific journals. These sources are utilized to gather data, which is subsequently evaluated in accordance with up-to-date information. The research methodology employed is qualitative. The research findings indicate that the establishment of dualism in Islamic education in Indonesia is a result of the coexistence of Islamic education and general education, which is impacted by the Indonesian political system. The emergence of dualism in Islamic education in Indonesia can be attributed to the presence of a parallel system for implementing educational concepts, particularly in the realms of religious education and general education. The implementation of general education and Islamic education is consistently conducted in accordance with their respective areas of emphasis, regardless of their location. The results of this study suggest that educational policymakers might assess the integration of dualism in Islamic and general education in order to effectively utilize both systems by connecting their knowledge.

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah meningkatnya tekanan darah sistoliknya di atas 140 mmHg sedangkan diastole nya di atas 90 mmHg. Hipertensi memiliki masalah pada hemodinamik.Usaha yang dilakukan untuk menstabilkan hemodinamik adalah dengan foot reflexology dan aromaterapi. Tujuan Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kombinasi foot reflexology dan aromaterapi dapat menstabilkan hemodinamik pada pasien hipertensi. Metode Studi kasus ini menggunakan studi dekriptif dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan kepada 2 pasien hipertensi. Intervensi ini dilakukan selama 7 hari. Implementasi pertama yang dilakukan yaitu aromaterapi. 3 tetes wewangian diteteskan pada bola kapas dan ditempelkan pada kerah pasien selama 20 menit. Setelah itu, sambil melakukan aromaterapi dilakukan Foot reflexology. Foot reflexology dilakukan dengan posisi klien duduk kemudian akupresur diterapkan pada sisi plantar kaki kanan pada tulang metatarsal pertama sekitar 1-1,5 cm proksimal sendiri metatarsophalangeal pertama, tekanan diberikan menggunakan ruas jari telunjuk kanan (bagian dorsal sendi interphalangeal proksimal dalam posisi menekuk) secara tegak lurus dan ditahan selama 15 detik kemudian dilepaskan selama 5 detik. Siklus ini dilakukan selama lima kali selama total 2 menit. Dilakukan pengukuran nilai hemodinamik pada hari ke-4 dan ke-7. Setelah dilakukan tindakan foot reflexology dan aromaterapi didapatkan hasil pengukuran tekanan darah pada kedua pasien mengalami penurunan tekanan darah pada subjek I dari 159/80 mmHg menjadi 145/60 mmHg, subjek II dari 155/91 mmHg menjadi 140/69 mmHg. Pengukuran nadi subjek I dari 102 x/menit menjadi 75 x/menit subjek II 105 x/menit menjadi 77 x/menit. Pernafasan subjek I dari 24 menjadi 16 subjek II dari 23 menjadi 17. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan pada kedua subjek tersebut yang telah dilakukan implementasi foot reflexology dan aromaterapi yaitu mengalami penurunan hemodinamik.

People have influenced Earth’s biodiversity for millennia, including numerous introductions of domestic and wild species to islands. Here, we explore the origins and ecology of the Santa Catalina Island ground squirrel (SCIGS; Otospermophilus beecheyi nesioticus), one of only five endemic terrestrial mammals found on California’s Santa Catalina Island. We synthesized all records of archaeological/palaeontological SCIGS, conducted radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis of the potentially earliest SCIGS remains and performed genetic analysis of modern SCIGS. Squirrels were not identified in island palaeontological deposits, but at least 12 island archaeological sites contain SCIGS bones, including some that are butchered or burned. All directly dated SCIGS bones are Late Holocene in age and younger than approximately 1290 cal BP. The first mitochondrial genome for modern Otospermophilus beecheyi and 15 modern SCIGS mitogenomes document at least one introduction of squirrels. Stable isotope data indicate variable SCIGS diets and potential subsidies from marine environments to terrestrial plants consumed by some individuals. We cannot rule out a natural overwater dispersal, but the earliest SCIGS remains post-date the earliest evidence for people by several millennia and, along with other lines of evidence, support a human-assisted translocation of squirrels during the Late Holocene. These data illustrate the important role of Indigenous people in shaping and enhancing island biodiversity and ecology around the world.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi efektif dalam pengorganisasian pembelajaran inklusif bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif eksploratif, dengan sumber data utama berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi di Sekolah Kreatif Muhammadiyah 2 Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategi kolaboratif dan komprehensif, pengembangan profesional berkelanjutan, pendekatan diferensiasi, serta pengendalian dan pengawasan yang ketat merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam implementasi pendidikan inklusif. Melalui analisis data, menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi antara guru, orang tua, dan tenaga pendidik sangat penting untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang inklusif dan mendukung perkembangan anak berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan pelatihan guru, serta keterlibatan aktif komunitas dan dukungan dari pihak-pihak terkait untuk mengatasi tantangan dalam pendidikan inklusif dan mencapai hasil yang lebih optimal. Dengan demikian, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia dan memberikan kesempatan yang lebih baik bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus untuk mencapai potensi mereka secara maksimal dan berkelanjutan.

The family as an educational environment supports school and society education. This research is included in a qualitative approach and the library research category. This research aims to discover KH Raden Asnawi’s thoughts regarding appropriate methods in Islamic education in the family environment. Data was collected using documentation techniques, and data analysis used descriptive-analytic techniques. The analysis steps are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this research concluded that, according to KH. Raden Asnawi, there is one method that can be used in education in the family environment, namely the advice method. This method is used to instill mahmudah morals in the form of tawadhu and muhasabah and to distance them from madzmumah morals in the form of being arrogant.

Introduction: Medical students are at risk of developing depression due to their demanding workload and high expectations, which can impact their academic performance and cognitive function. To prevent severe complications, students must prioritize resources for mental health support, namely religious coping as a coping mechanism. Objective: The aim of this study is proof the correlation between depression levels and religious coping in medical students class of 2020 Universitas Airlangga Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design, and random sampling was used as a sampling method, totaling to 90 subjects. Variables used were religious coping and level of depression. The data was then analysed and prevalence, correlation coefficient and p-value were acquired. The research result would be considered significant if p

Errors in giving first rank drugs in the pharmaceutical field, especially high alert drugs that must be made a top priority. The purpose of this study was to describe the management of high alert drug storage at the Pharmacy Installation at UNS Surakarta Hospital. This research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct observation using checklist sheets and interviews with pharmacists based on pharmaceutical service standards in hospitals. The analyzed data is described in the form of words. The results showed that the value of 100% high alert drug list was in the appropriate category, the high alert drug management policy was 85.7% (inappropriate category), stock card recording at the emergency room depot, outpatient and inpatient care was 85.7% and in warehouse 71.4% (inappropriate category). Labeling of high alert drugs in warehouses, emergency department depots, and 80% inpatient and 60% outpatient (categories not suitable). The layout of high alert drug storage is not suitable because inpatient care shows 80% (inappropriate category) and in warehouses, emergency rooms, and outpatient care 100% (appropriate category). Storage temperature and storage system show 100% (appropriate category). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the management of high alert drug storage at the Pharmacy Installation at UNS Surakarta Hospital does not meet the standards of pharmaceutical

The ability to understand mathematics is a faculty crucial to be possessed by pre-service teachers who will enter into the education sphere. It is one of the professional competencies essential for teachers since satisfactory lessons' delivery engenders more comprehensible instruction in teachers' students. Qualitative research employs a descriptive approach relevant to the research purpose, describing mathematics pre-service teachers' professional competency of understanding the concept toward probability observed based on mathematical abilities; advanced, intermediate, and basic mathematics ability. The subjects are three pre-service teachers having passed discrete mathematics course in a college in Madura. The criteria to select the subjects are the GPA (Grade-point Average) of the last semester and information from the lecturer. It is because unlikely to administer the test due to online learning applied at the college. Findings indicated that the subject with advanced mathematics ability could meet individual concepts, relate concepts and connect concepts with the operations. The subject with intermediate mathematics ability could meet individual concepts, but could not relate to some concepts. However, he could connect concepts with the operations. The subject with basic mathematics ability could not meet individual concepts, relate concepts, and connect concepts with the operations. In terms of the advancement indicator of understanding the concept, the subjects have not attained it since they have not apprehended concept definition well, particularly the probability concept, although the subject with advanced mathematics ability was procedurally prodigious.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, posing a global health threat. Current diabetes treatments often rely on synthetic drugs with side effects, prompting the search for safer natural alternatives. This study investigated the secondary metabolic compounds in methanol extract from M. oleifera seeds and evaluated their antidiabetic activity. The α-amylase enzyme was analyzed to determine optimal incubation time, pH, and temperature. The antidiabetic activity was assessed via α-amylase inhibition using in vitro and in silico methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins in the extract. Optimal enzyme conditions were 30 minutes of incubation, pH 6.9, and 25 °C. The extract showed the highest activity at 15% concentration with 67.94% inhibition and an IC50 of 15.38%, compared to acarbose with 41.76% inhibition and an IC50 of 17.89%. In silico analysis indicated that 9-octadecanoic acid (Z) methyl ester had a lower inhibition constant and binding energy (2.67 mM and -3.51 kcal/mol) than acarbose (15.72 mM and -2.46 kcal/mol), suggesting a higher enzyme affinity. These findings suggest that M. oleifera seeds contain compounds with potential as antidiabetic agents.

Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) are distributed in the tropics, and there are more than 600 species worldwide, Forty-six species were recorded in Indonesia. Nest of the species is generally found in tree holes, rocks, house walls, house wooden, bamboo cavities, and soil. Current research explores the species richness, nesting sites and morphometry of stingless bee species in the forest and settlement areas in Banten province, Indonesia. Road- and purposive sampling methods were used to explore the stingless bee species. Thirty-five body characters of each stingless bee species were measured. Results showed four stingless bee species found were Tetragonula laeviceps, Heterotrigona itama, Lepidotrogona terminata, and Tetragonula sp. The dominant species found was L. terminata in the forest, while T. laeviceps in the settlement areas. The nesting sites of stingless bees in the forests were found in the tree cavities of various plant species with tree diameter range 39.3-87.3 cm. In contrast, the nest of T. laeviceps was found in the tree of Swietenia mahagoni, Lansium parasiticum, and bamboo cavities of houses in the settlement areas. The nest entrances of stingless bees varied, i.e., oval-rounded, tubular with varied diameters, and blackish-brown in color. The internal structure of the nest consists of brood cells, pollen cells, and honey cells. Heterotrigona itama has the largest body size (5.52 mm in length), followed by L. terminata (4.99 mm in length) and T. laeviceps (3.86 mm in length). Thirty-three characters of H. itama were larger than L. terminata and T. laeviceps, except for gena width and malar length.

The results of the Mathematical Literacy Research discuss Indonesia's involvement in PISA since 2000, which has never experienced a significant increase in ranking until 2018. Even the 2018 PISA results showed that Indonesia was ranked in the bottom 10 in the world with an average score of Indonesian students mathematical literacy of 359, while the average was 489. This study aims to describe the mathematical literacy skills of grade X students in solving PISA questions in terms of mathematical disposition abilities. This study uses a descriptive type of research with a qualitative approach with three instruments to be used in this study, namely a mathematical disposition scale questionnaire, a mathematical literacy test, and interview guidelines. The research instrument was first consulted with the collaborating lecturer. The results of the disposition test from 33 grade X.1 students were then analyzed to determine the grouping of students' mathematical disposition abilities. The mathematical disposition scale is given to students in three groups: high, medium, and low. The subjects of this study were four students in the class with different levels of mathematical disposition abilities. Based on the results of this study, the literacy abilities of students reviewed in mathematical disposition tend to vary. Students with a high level of disposition have better literacy and problem-solving skills than those with a medium or low level of disposition

The development of cayenne pepper varieties can be optimized by multiple crossings, transgressive segregant selection based on the selection index, and identification of potential anthocyanins. The study objectives were (1) to develop a transgressive segregation index, and (2) to select transgressive segregation cayenne peppers with high productivity and anthocyanins from F3 multiple cross-generation. The study conducted two experiments at the experimental field, Hasanuddin University, from November 2022 to November 2023. The first experiment implemented an augmented design with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) as an environmental design. The genotypes as treatment consisted of two types: 110 lines of cayenne pepper were not repeated, and the 4 older chili varieties as controls were repeated in each block. All genotypes were categorized and divided into five blocks. The second experiment was the validation of the first trial. There were 13 genotypes tested with RCBD design one factor and repeated three times. Based on the study, developing a semi-objective-based selection index with canopy width, fruit weight, and yield was an innovative and effective approach to selecting F3 transgressive segregants of cayenne pepper. High-yielding transgressive lines were identified as G3-2-7-3, G2.6.9–10, G5-12–1-8, and G4.5.2–12. The G3-2-7-3 line was suggested due to its high yield potential and anthocyanin content. However, the anthocyanin content must be examined more deeply, such as using an omics approach. Nevertheless, these lines are still recommended to be continued in yield testing or crossing to produce hybrid lines that have high yield potential and anthocyanin content.

Edamame soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivation in phosphorus-limited Andisols presents a formidable challenge due to restricted phosphorus availability despite high phosphorus retention. Unlocking the full potential of this crop demands innovative solutions. This study delves into the transformative effects of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer, individually and synergistically, on edamame soybean growth in Andisols. Employing a randomized complete block design, researchers investigate three types of biochar (B0: control, B1: biochar pellets, B2: biochar powder) and four phosphorus fertilizer rates (P0: control, P1: 27 kg ha-1 P2O5, P2: 54 kg ha-1 P2O5, P3: 81 kg ha-1 P2O5). The bamboo-derived biochar was produced using the Kon-tiki method at ±500 °C. The study reveals no significant interaction between biochar and phosphorus fertilizer. Individually, treatments with B1, B2, and phosphorus fertilizers significantly enhance ammonium, nitrate, and phosphorus availability compared to B0 and P0. Biochar-induced modifications improve phosphorus and nitrogen absorption by roots, resulting in increased shoot dry weight and the root/shoot ratio. However, the number of leaves is solely influenced by phosphorus fertilizer treatment. Additionally, both biochar and phosphorus fertilizers contribute to nitrate reductase activity, root volume, an increased number of pods per plant and higher protein content in edamame soybeans. B2 outperforms B1 and high P3 intensifies this effect, improving nutrient uptake and yield. In summary, biochar and phosphorus fertilizers demonstrate significant potential to revolutionize edamame soybean cultivation in phosphorus-limited Andisols, optimizing pod number per plant and enhancing quality with elevated protein content.

This research aims to determine the influence of corporate Governance, capital structure, and company growth on dividend policy and company value. The data is secondary data from the financial reports of consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2020. The sample for this research consisted of 14 companies. This explanatory research uses a quantitative approach and implements the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. This research finds that corporate Governance, capital structure, and company growth have insignificant effect on dividend policy, while they have a significant impact on company value. Dividend policy has a negative effect on company value.

The Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-Quality Enhancement Research Initiative Extension Program was designed to support physicians' adherence to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) guidelines. Guidelines were followed in >95% of patients with functional class (FC) II/III, but for only 28.6% of FC IV patients (Month 36). Low adherence was driven by FC IV patients' preference to avoid parenteral treatment.

The prosperous villagers were in the new village of rambah, kec. Rambah samo, kab. Tip upstream, prov. Riau is a society that has a strong desire to seek knowledge. The reasons for this desire are based on a society that has also begun to understand the Koran, the doctrine of Islam. Unfortunately, people's desires cannot be well expressed because there are some factors that cause them to be irresoluble and running. The lack of manpower and a da 'i in the village is one reason, not to mention a female daiyah or teacher. It is also felt by the taqwa mosque -- the people at the taqwa mosque -- have lost the will to learn because there is neither thrusters nor teachers. For women, there are no da 'iyah women salhaj salaf places to consult on the problems of women, to make women in these villages feel troubled, while women and children are desperately in need, their need for daiyah is so well described by the still many instances of misreading the Koran, still mistaking in worship (especially those that are included in the harmony of Islam), And the lack of understanding of women to the laws that pertain to women. The methods of this study use community based research (CBR), the findings of scientific research activities conducted have encouraged and given children and mothers the opportunity to be active and involved in increasing their love of the quran, Arabic and islamic language more deeply into women's fiqh laws during Ramadan.

The importance of the first 1000 days of life for children has been acknowledged as a crucial phase for malnutrition prevention, where understanding the underlying causes of the problem should be done accordingly. Thus, the study’s objective was to find the factors associated with malnutrition in children under 2 years old. A crosssectional study was conducted involving mothers and children under 2 years old dyads ( n = 244). A structured and validated socio-demographic and nutrition KAP questionnaire was used whilst weight and height were measured. In this study, 19.3%, 11.8%, and 10.2% of children were stunted, underweight, and wasted, respectively, according to the WHO Growth Reference cut-off. By using multiple logistic regression, this study found that children who have low birth weight and whose mothers have poor nutrition knowledge have higher odds of malnutrition. In conclusion, proper prevention planning considering these associated factors should be done to ensure the effectiveness of the malnutrition prevention program.

Perkembangan teknologi di era digital menuntut guru sekolah dasar mengintegrasikan teknologi dalam proses kegiatan pembelajaran, salah satunya melalui penggunaan media berbasis digital yang menyenangkan dan menarik. Media pembelajaran berbasis digital yang populer dengan visual menarik dan aksesibilitas mudah salah satunya adalah komik digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa komik digital interaktif yang berfokus pada topik pengenalan bentuk dan variasi pola irama di sekolah dasar. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan model Analyzing, Designing, Developing, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE). Instrumen pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner validasi dan System Usability Scale (SUS). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata total dari keseluruhan aspek penilaian ahli media memperoleh skor rata-rata 93,55% (sangat valid), ahli materi memperoleh skor rata-rata 88,05% (sangat valid), ahli bahasa memperoleh skor rata-rata 100,00% (sangat valid). Respon siswa terhadap produk pada uji coba perorangan memperoleh skor 79 (good), pada uji kelompok kecil memperoleh skor 77 (good), dan pada uji lapangan memperoleh skor 85 (excellent). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan yaitu komik digital interaktif pola irama (Koala) layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.

This study purposed to analyze the effectiveness of the Arabic language learning model based on Edgar Dale's cone of experience theory. The method used library research by taking books, journals, and documents. The result of this research is that Arabic language learning with an experiential learning model, according to Edgar Dale's cone of experience, is effective learning and can help to develop Arabic language learning that is focused and empowers students to master it. Learning Arabic through this model is also very effective for teaching Arabic as a means of communication. Experiential learning and Edgar Dale's cone of experience theory have a strong fit in the context of Arabic language learning. Dale's cone of experience theory illustrates different levels of student participation and involvement in learning, ranging from concrete experience to abstract conceptualization. According to Dale, direct and interactive experiences promote more effective learning, which is consistent with the experiential learning approach. In experiential Arabic learning, students engage in direct experience by speaking, listening, reading and writing in Arabic, which is the first step in the cone of experience.

The wars of the colonial era in the Malay region, especially in Sumatra, could not be separated from the influence of the jihad campaign of Sheikh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani, a charismatic cleric at that time. This research examines al-Palimbani’s Nashihah al-Muslimin wa Tadhkirah al-Mukminin, which contains the call for jihad. Because this manuscript is hundreds of years old and this condition makes it difficult to read, this research uses philological studies using a single script and standard script methods. It means that the manuscript being examined is the only one, and there are no copies. Research shows that the text is a European manuscript type even though it uses Arabic and the cover is identical to the typical style of the Arabian Peninsula. Apart from that, this manuscript also provides information about jihad by containing quotations from verses from the Qur’an and hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad. However, jihad here is understood to be limited to struggle on the physical war. Therefore, the manuscript encloses several dhikrs and prayers during the war. Furthermore, this manuscript was motivated by the colonial occupation of Malay land.

The exchange rate value of the rupiah against the US dollar fluctuates and tends to depreciate throughout the year. So it is very important to analyze the factors that influence the exchange rates to maintain its stability. The relationship between several macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates, GDP, and trade openness as well as political stability factors and world oil prices on exchange rates are the main topics of discussion in this study. Monthly data in time series 2010-2020, processed using the Eviews 12 and tested using the multiple linear regression method. There is a significant positive effect between interest rates, GDP, and world oil prices for the type of WTI on the exchange rates. Meanwhile, trade openness, political stability, and world oil prices for the Brent type have a significant negative effect on the exchange rates. As for the inflation variable, it does not have a significant effect on the exchange rates. The government as a policy maker is expected to be able to regulate macroeconomic factors, maintain political stability, and control the supply of crude oil properly to maintain the exchange rate stability.

The implementation of the Pancasila student profile strengthening project is expected to be able to foster the character dimension of the independent curriculum in students. However, in the implementation in the field, various obstacles arise, resulting in the lack of optimization of the implementation of P5 at the education level in Indonesia. This research aims to find obstacles for schools, educators, students and other obstacles in the implementation of P5 at the education level in Indonesia so that it can become a reference in making policy designs for the government as well as a form of novelty in P5 research in Indonesia based on qualitative methods with a systematic literature review approach. This research is written with thematic analysis with the findings that there are various obstacles from the school, educators and students so that field practice proves that there is a lack of optimization of P5 implementation in schools such as lack of supervision, knowledge of educators, infrastructure facilities to the geographical conditions of students. Penerapan projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila diharapkan mampu menumbuhkan dimensi karakter kurikulum merdeka pada peserta didik. Namun, dalam implementasi di lapangan muncul berbagai hambatan sehingga minimnya optimalisasi penerapan P5 pada jenjang pendidikan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan hambatan sekolah, pendidik, peserta didik maupun hambatan lainnya dalam implementasi P5 pada jenjang pendidikan di Indonesia sehingga mampu menjadi acuan pada pembuatan rancangan kebijakan bagi pemerintah sekaligus sebagai wujud kebaharuan penelitian P5 di Indonesia berbasis metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan systematic literature review. Penelitian ini ditulis dengan analisis tematik dengan hasil temuan terdapat berbagai hambatan dari pihak sekolah, pendidik maupun peserta didik sehingga praktek lapangan membuktikan terdapat kurangnya optimalisasi penerapan P5 di sekolah seperti minimnya pengawasan, pengetahuan tenaga pendidik, sarana prasarana hingga kondisi geografis peserta didik.

Remaja merupakan populasi yang memiliki beragam motif untuk menggunakan internet. Salah satu dampak negatif dari penggunaan internet pada remaja adalah munculnya stres digital. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan stres digital pada remaja adalah melalui intervensi kelompok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah intervensi kelompok berupa pelatihan efektif untuk menurunkan stres digital pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed-method dengan desain penelitian one-group pre-test post-test design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) berusia rata-rata 14 tahun di Depok. Subjek yang mengikuti rangkaian intervensi secara penuh berjumlah 18 orang yang terdiri dari 12 orang laki-laki dan 6 orang perempuan. Subjek diberikan pre-test berupa skala digital stres. Kemudian, subjek diberikan perlakuan berupa pelatihan berdurasi 6 jam sebanyak 6 sesi. Setelah itu, subjek diberi post-test berupa skala stres digital kembali. Hasil uji hipotesis dengan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukkan nilai signifikansi selisih pre-test dan post-test pada kelompok laki-laki sebesar 0.023 yang kurang dari 0.05 (p0.05). Namun, tidak ditemukan hasil signifikan pada kelompok perempuan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan yang digunakan mampu menurunkan tingkat digital stres pada remaja laki-laki namun tidak pada remaja perempuan.

This research aims to identify and explain the meaning of various terms contained in the lexicon of Haul Bungah tradition and the cultural values reflected in these terms. The data of this research are terms related to aul Bungah tradition. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques through participant observation and in-depth interviews. Recording and note-taking were also done to support data collection. The results showed that 17 terms are often used in the Haul Bungah tradition, which can be categorized into two forms, namely monomorphemic and polymorphemic. Based on the two forms, this research found 4 terms in monomorphemic form and 13 terms in polymorphemic form. The cultural values reflected from the lexicon in the Haul Bungah tradition include human relationships with God, nature, society, others, and oneself.

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan pengetahuan tambahan bagi para santriwati Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Darussalam Martapura. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini untuk pemenuhan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yaitu pengabdian masyarakat. Selain itu, abdimas ini diisi oleh dosen fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Institut Agama Islam Darussalam Martapura sebagai narasumber untuk menyampaikan beberapa materi yaitu transaksi tunai dan transaksi non tunai (kartu debit, kartu kredit, uang elektronik, internet banking, mobile banking, dompet digital) serta kelebihan dan kekurangan penggunaan pembayaran non tunai. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa edukasi ini berjalan dengan lancar dan dalam penyampaian materi terdapat diskusi antar narasumber dan peserta. Pada kegiatan berikutnya diharapkan tidak hanya mengedukasi tentang transaksi non tunai saja tetapi juga memberikan informasi tentang penipuan online terkait pembayaran non tunai dan cara untuk menghindarinya.

ABSTRACT. Indonesia is a country that has abundant natural resources, including non-renewable natural resources such as various types of metals, natural gas, petroleum and others. Besides that, Indonesia also has an important role in supplying the world's gold raw materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology and science in the mining industry, especially gold to increase process optimization and increase the added value of the mining products themselves. One of the gold extraction processes can be carried out hydrometallurgically using the cyanidation method using agitator leach, as was done at PT Indo Muro Kencana. Process optimization is carried out with various test work, such as leaching tests, by varying the operating parameters of the leaching. The variations of parameters used in this study are the cyanide concentrations at 600 ppm, 700 ppm, and 800 ppm. The results of the analysis show that the optimal cyanide concentration for leaching of PT Indo Muro Kencana's gold ore is 600 ppm by controlling the Rate rate control. Keywords: Cyanidation, Gold, Leaching, Extraction.

Introductions: Various studies showed that medical students were more prone to exposure to stress and anxiety than their peers. Along with the rising popularity of smartphones, university students tend to spend time on smartphones to distract themselves from stress. However, the overuse of smartphones may lead to addiction. Methods: This study applied a modified version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) to assess the level of addiction and Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) to quantify the severity of anxiety. Based on Spearman’s rho statistical test, the value of p = 0.000 and r = 0.297. Results: There are 374 preclinical students included in this study. Most students (47.06%) use smartphones 5-10 hours daily. The majority of students were having mild anxiety (54.81%), followed by moderate anxiety (39.84%) and severe anxiety (5.35%). The results showed that smartphone addiction relates significantly to students’ anxiety (p

Introductions: During the COVID-19 epidemic, college students were expected to adjust to varied daily routines, resulting in pressure and bad emotional sensations in each individual. This situation necessitates college students’ attempts to better their survival through coping. Religion is one coping mechanism that may be used to help pupils reduce stress. The presence of resilience is another characteristic that can overcome any challenges. Coping is used to deal with stress caused by challenges, and spirituality is regarded as one part of developing excellent resilience. Objectives: Researchers decided to undertake a study to see whether there is a relationship between religious coping and resilience in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga students class of 2020 during a pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional observational analytic study collects primary data using two questionnaire instruments, BRIEF RCOPE and Growth-Focused Resilience. Non-random sampling was used to collect samples from 208 Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University students class of 2020. The Chi-Square Test was used to examine the data using the SPSS version 21 tool. Results: The p-value (sig) was 0.000 (0.05), indicating a significant connection between religious coping characteristics and resilience variables. Religious coping has been shown to be one of the variables affecting and associated with resilience; effective coping will lead to good growth and vice versa. Conclusions: It is possible to infer a substantial association between religious coping and resilience among the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga students class of 2020.

Introductions: The global coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic disproportionately burdens people with schizophrenia and related disorders. Access to mental health providers in rural areas was still far from expected. People with schizophrenia in low and middle-income countries, including Bangkalan City, often lack access to evidence-based treatments. We hypothesized that psychoeducation might improve Mental Health Volunteers’ (MHV) knowledge and skills to help people with schizophrenia in rural areas. Furthermore, we want to identify the obstacles and practical solutions essential to improving the community’s mental health in Bangkalan City. Methods: The total participants were 134 MHV from the Department of Health, Bangkalan City. The data was collected in pretest and posttest on each workshop session and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Results: There were significant improvements in the knowledge and skills about Schizophrenia of MHVs and programmers from the Department of Health, Bangkalan City (p