1. Metabolic Engineering toward Sustainable Production of Nylon-6
- Author
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Roel A. L. Bovenberg, Petronella Catharina Raemakers-Franken, Wigard P. Kloosterman, Karin P. A. M. Kolen, Stefaan Marie André De Wildeman, Roland Van Der Stoel, Julia Knutova, Henk Noorman, Martin Schürmann, Margarida Temudo, Dennis K. Ninaber, Axel Christoph Trefzer, Rob van der Hoeven, Michiel Akeroyd, Liang Wu, Erwin Suir, Monika Müller, Stefan C. H. J. Turk, Ruud van der Pol, Leonie M. Raamsdonk, and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Proteomics ,PROTEIN EXPRESSION ,Polymers ,Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Corynebacterium glutamicum ,COENZYME B ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,ADIPIC ACID ,Caprolactam ,AMINO-ACIDS ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Pimelic Acids ,General Medicine ,Amino acid ,Metabolic Engineering ,ESCHERICHIA-COLI ,Batch Cell Culture Techniques ,Aminocaproic Acid ,Metabolome ,metabolic engineering ,nylon-6 ,α-ketopimelate ,Adipates ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biology ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,CLONING ,Metabolic engineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,Biosynthesis ,Journal Article ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,Adipic acid ,IDENTIFICATION ,Tricarboxylic Acids ,caprolactam ,adipate ,030104 developmental biology ,CORYNEBACTERIUM-GLUTAMICUM ,chemistry ,alpha-ketopimelate ,Fermentation ,6-aminocaproic acid ,BULK CHEMICALS ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Nylon-6 is a bulk polymer used for many applications. It consists of the non-natural building block 6-aminocaproic acid, the linear form of caprolactam. Via a retro-synthetic approach, two synthetic pathways were identified for the fermentative production of 6-aminocaproic acid. Both pathways require yet unreported novel biocatalytic steps. We demonstrated proof of these bioconversions by in vitro enzyme assays with a set of selected candidate proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. One of the biosynthetic pathways starts with 2-oxoglutarate and contains bioconversions of the ketoacid elongation pathway known from methanogenic archaea. This pathway was selected for implementation in E. coli and yielded 6-aminocaproic acid at levels up to 160 mg/L in lab-scale batch fermentations. The total amount of 6-aminocaproic acid and related intermediates generated by this pathway exceeded 2 g/L in lab-scale fed-batch fermentations, indicating its potential for further optimization toward large-scale sustainable production of nylon-6.
- Published
- 2015