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Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a plant from the Amazon region with cultural importance. Despite its early ancestral use by indigenous tribes, the first reports regarding the benefits of guarana consumption for human health were published in the 19th century. Since then, the use of guarana seed in powder and extract forms has been studied for its diverse effects on human health, such as stimulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-obesity effects. These effects are attributed to the high content of bioactive compounds found in guarana seeds, especially methylxanthines and flavonoids. In fact, the Brazilian Food Supplement Law has officially acknowledged guarana as a source of bioactive compounds. The number and diversity of studies focused on guarana and human health are increasing; thus, organizing and describing the available evidence on guarana and its applications is necessary to provide a framework for future studies. In this narrative review, we have organized the available information regarding guarana and its potential effects on human health. Guarana produces unique fruits with great potential for human health applications. However, the available evidence lacks human studies and mechanistic investigations. Future studies should be designed considering its applicability to human health, including intake levels and toxicity studies.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, which implies poor health and high risk of cardiovascular disease contributing to high mortality rates, whichhas been associated with high levels of alkaline phosphatase (AF) in this public. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and biochemical parameters in relation to alkaline phosphatase levels of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study, performed in 93 male and female patients, aged 18 years or older, from a hemodialysis center in the city of Belém, Pará. Data collection included interviews through a semi-structured questionnaire and consultation of medical records. Descriptive statistics consisted of mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, relative and absolute frequency. For alkaline phosphatase analysis, the interquartile range of 120 U/L was used. Results: Of the 93 patients, 58 were men with a mean age of 54.5 ± 4.5 years. The sample was divided into two groups: the first, with low alkaline phosphatase - less than 120 U/L (n= 50; 82.24 ± 21.67); and the second, with high alkaline phosphatase - greater than or equal to 120 U/L (n= 43; 288.82 ± 300.05). After analyzing the clinical and biochemical profile of each group, we found a statistical difference in the values of parathyroid hormone and hemoglobin, in which the group with high alkaline phosphatase obtained higher parathyroid hormone levels and lower hemoglobin values. Considerable prevalence of elevated phosphatase was observed in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Conclusion: The study identified high parathyroid hormone and lower hemoglobin in patients with high alkaline phosphatase. We emphasize the importance of monitoring and correcting AF levels, when possible.

Resumo O estudo das condições higiênico sanitárias de alimentos cárneos consumidos crus, como o sashimi, é necessário para definir sua qualidade e possíveis consequências para a saúde humana. Foram coletadas 60 amostras de sashimi de salmão (Salmo salar), de dez restaurantes na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão - Brasil, sendo seis de cada local. As amostras foram analisadas para contagem de coliformes a 35 °C, coliformes a 45 °C e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e negativa, identificação da presença de Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Aeromonas spp, teste de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos dos isolados e quantificação de histamina nas amostras. Os resultados mostraram elevadas contagens de coliformes a 35 °C e 12 amostras com >102 NMP/g de coliformes a 45 °C, presença de E. coli e de Salmonella sp. em 3 amostras cada, ausência de V. parahaemolyticus e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa entre 102 NMP/g of coliforms at 45 °C, presence of E. coli and Salmonella in 3 samples each, absence of V. parahaemolyticus and coagulase positive Staphylococcus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus count between

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil clínico e bioquímico de pacientes com e sem HPTS. Metodologia: Estudo transversal e analítico realizado com 93 pacientes com DRC em HD. Os pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos: sem HPTS (Paratormônio: < 300pg/mL) e com HPTS (Paratormônio: ≥ 300pg/mL). Foram verificados os dados socioeconômicos por meio de questionário semiestruturado. Os dados bioquímicos e antropométricos foram obtidos por meio do prontuário de cada paciente. Também foram coletadas informações quanto ao tempo de HD, tabagismo, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, cardiopatias, atividade física e a razão triglicerídeo/HDL-Colesterol. Resultados: O gênero feminino apresentou-se prevalente no grupo com HPTS (59,09%, p=0,017). Nos pacientes que não apresentavam HPTS foi detectado maior presença de diabetes mellitus (77,27%, p=0,021). Os pacientes com HPTS diferiram dos pacientes sem HPTS para o hematócrito (p=0,0457), creatinina (p=0,0303) e a fosfatase alcalina (p=0,0011). Conclusão: Encontramos diferença ao comparar os grupos quanto aos níveis de hematócrito, creatinina, fósforo e fosfatase alcalina, resultados que podem implicar no estado clínico de indivíduos com HPTS. Essas análises poderão direcionar condutas e estratégias específicas para o acompanhamento da doença e proposta adequada de tratamento, buscando a melhora do quadro clínico e qualidade de vida. DESCRITORES: Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário. Insuficiência Renal Crônica. Diálise Renal.