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Esta investigación aborda los imaginarios urbanos derivados de la visibilización de comunicados de políticas públicas en materia de movilidad urbana en el estado de Nuevo León en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19. Al ser contrastada la participación ciudadana, se exhibe el desapego de la realidad por parte del gobierno estatal y de las instituciones responsables de la operatividad del servicio de transporte colectivo (restricciones de horario, disminución de unidades en circulación). Como metodología, se aplica el análisis de contenido, con la finalidad de recuperar contrapuntos en la emisión de volantes virtuales desde la red social de Facebook, ya sea tanto en la interacción de los receptores como en las narrativas contenidas para garantizar la salud pública en la ejecución de los trayectos cotidianos. La participación ciudadana contiene dos posturas, una donde se exhibe malestar, falta de empatía, desigualdad, frustración; que contrasta con la certidumbre del aislamiento, la celebración de la reducción a movilidad, las cuales se aceptan como una medida de control en torno a la expansión del virus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus and ANCA-associated vasculitis overlap syndrome is rare and complex. Moreover, the mechanisms that explain the interaction between these two conditions are still unclear. The authors describe the case of a patient who had myeloperoxidase ANCA-associated vasculitis as the initial diagnosis, with biopsy-proven pauci immune crescentic glomerulonephritis, attaining complete remission after immunosuppression. Five years later, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus was diagnosed and a second kidney biopsy showed a pattern of lupus nephritis class III. While on immunosuppression treatment, the patient developed a progressive elevation of liver enzymes and was later diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis. It seems that in this case, the overlap of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and ANCA-associated vasculitis may be part of a poliautoimmune syndrome suggested by association with a third autoimmune disease.

Objective This work attempts to provide a model to predict the development of osteonecrosis (ON) in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using pharmacological, demographic, and psychoactive factors. Method A review of the literature was conducted to construct a survey administered across Chile to individuals with SLE during a period of three weeks. This work used a sample size of 46 de-identified data records. Two Bayesian logistic regression models were created, with non-informative prior and informative prior distributions, and a random forest model was done for comparison. All models were cross-validated. Results The significant variables used were mean corticosteroids per day (mg) and tobacco use. The random forest model provided good accuracy and sensitivity, but low specificity. Bayesian logistic regression with prior information increased the specificity. Conclusions This work determined that the use of corticosteroids and tobacco are significant variables to predict ON. Using prior information provides good accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity to the prediction. Further studies need to be conducted to validate the model using a testing set.

El presente análisis realiza una aproximación hacia la complejidad para el establecimiento de parámetros de ordenamiento territorial desde los diversos recursos normativos ante la urbanización y construcción de los “nuevos” formatos de vivienda ofrecidos por el mercado inmobiliario. Dicha situación se replica en ciudades mexicanas y latinoamericanas. La figura del fraccionamiento habitacional parece poco relevante en el contenido de leyes y reglamentos vigentes en materia de desarrollo urbano. Sin embargo, en la práctica, dicha tipología se ha diseminado y reproducido a una velocidad dejando evidencias de los vacíos legales y la falta de control para establecer jurídicamente los atributos espaciales (urbanísticos y arquitectónicos), la constitución legal de representantes, la administración de servicios, el carácter público de áreas verdes (parques y plazas), entre otros. Lo anterior, produce desajustes en cuanto a segregación, desigualdad, vulnerabilidad, inseguridad, entre otros, con lo cual se demuestra la incapacidad legal de parte de los municipios que solo se responsabilizan del cumplimiento cuantitativo (área vendible, uso de suelo, infraestructura y espacios de cesión) más no así de la evaluación de otros factores determinantes para asegurar espacios de habitabilidad. El análisis comparativo permite identificar la variedad de asuntos incorporados para control de los fraccionamientos habitacionales para posteriormente demostrar la urgencia de homologación y adición de temas dentro del marco normativo en cuestión. El establecimiento de los mismos permitirá que se mejoren las condiciones operativas al habilitarse dichos productos en el Estado de Nuevo León o en cualquier otra ciudad de México.

Our general goal was to non-invasively evaluate kidney tubular dysfunction. We developed a strategy based on cysteine (Cys) disulfide stress mechanism that underlies kidney dysfunction. There is scarce information regarding the fate of Cys-disulfides (CysSSX), but evidence shows they might be detoxified in proximal tubular cells by the action of N-acetyltransferase 8 (NAT8). This enzyme promotes the addition of an N-acetyl moiety to cysteine-S-conjugates, forming mercapturates that are eliminated in urine. Therefore, we developed a strategy to quantify mercapturates of CysSSX in urine as surrogate of disulfide stress and NAT8 activity in kidney tubular cells. We use a reduction agent for the selective reduction of disulfide bonds. The obtained N-acetylcysteine moiety of the mercapturates from cysteine disulfides was monitored by fluorescence detection. The method was applied to urine from mice and rat as well as individuals with healthy kidney and kidney disease.

Background and Aims IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most prevalent glomerulopathies worldwide with broad variable clinical presentation and extremely heterogeneous risk of progressive CKD and ESKD. It was recommended risk stratifying patients in order to target immunosuppressive treatment to high-risk patients. The OXFORD MEST classification and, more recently, a new international risk-prediction tool for IgAN (IgANPT) help to predict kidney outcomes and stratify patient risk, eventually aiding in treatment decision. Here, we analyzed a single center cohort of IgAN to investigate if treatment decisions were accurately accomplished using individualized risk from the IgANPT. Method A retrospective analysis of all kidney biopsies performed from January 2010 to December 2019 in a Nephrology Department was performed and adult patients with IgAN diagnosis were selected. The presence of IgA vasculitis and Henoch-Schönlein purpura as well as lack of follow-up data were exclusion criteria. Clinical, laboratorial and pathological data were collected, including treatment and kidney outcome. Risk of kidney progression decline was assessed by using the on-line web-based calculator of the IgANPT. Results A total of 33 patients met the study criteria, with median age at diagnosis of 58 (IQR 38 - 68) years-old, mostly male (84,8%, N=28) and all Caucasian. At biopsy time 60,6% (N=20) had hypertension, only 15,5% (N=5) diabetes mellitus and 57,6% (N=19) were under ACE inhibitors/ARBs. Median GFR at biopsy time was 57 (IQR 20 - 78,5) ml/min/1.73m2. More than half of the patients (57,6%, N=19) had GFR 300mg/g), with 18,2% (N=6) in the nephrotic range. Hematuria was present in almost all patients. Overall MEST classification was: 51,5% (N= 17) with M1 score, 39,4% (N=13) E1, 66,7% (N=22) S1 and 45,5% (N=15) had T ≥1 score (2 patients with T2). Crescents were present in 27,3% of the biopsies (N=9). Near one-half of the patients (45,5%, N=15) presented IgA deposits on both mesangium and capillary wall. Around one-third of patients (30,3%, N=10) progressed to ESKD during follow up. According to the risk of kidney disease progression in 60-months calculated with IgANPT, patients were stratified into low/intermediate risk in 21,2% (N=7) of cases (mean predicted risk < 4,7%) and high risk in 78,8% (N=26) of cases (mean predicted risk > 4,7%). Using the chi-squared test the high-risk group was associated with progression to ESKD(p=0,019). On the contrary none of the low-risk group progressed to ESKD. The majority of patients received supportive treatment (87,9%, N= 29), mainly with ACEi/ARB (N=31) and omega (15,2%, N=5). Immunosuppressive treatment included mainly corticosteroids (51,5%, N=17), with other options being (12,1% N=4): cyclophosphamide (N=2), ciclosporin (N=1) and MMF (N=1). From the group of low/intermediate risk patients, only two (28,5%) received immunosuppressive treatment with either oral or intravenous corticosteroids. On the other hand, from the high-risk group, more than one third of patients (38,4%, N=10) did not receive immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusion A better prediction of kidney outcomes and consequent better patient selection for IS therapy may be challenging in IgA nephropathy. In spite of the existent tools, it is still difficult to determine which patients benefit from immunosuppressive treatment. In this case series we stratified our patients by using the IgANPT identifying who was at higher risk of progression to ESKD, in whom, a more aggressive treatment could have potentially benefit avoiding kidney disease progression. It was also important to stratify patients at low-risk, in whom immunosuppressive treatment could carry risk of adverse events with no additional advantage in kidney outcomes.

OBJETIVO: Dar a conocer resultados de la búsqueda de artículos científicos relacionados a las técnicas de rehabilitación oral con resinas y cerámicas. CONTENIDO: En la actualidad, la erosión dental es la pérdida de estructura dentaria, lo cual ocasiona un problema estético y funcional del sistema estomatognático. La rehabilitación oral tradicional tiene una filosofía muy invasiva; por tal motivo, se han desarrollado técnicas más conservadoras para rehabilitar al paciente. El uso de resinas y cerámicas han revolucionado la odontología. Este tipo de rehabilitación mínimamente invasiva busca lograr el equilibrio del sistema estomatognático promoviendo la durabilidad de los materiales restauradores. Una buena planificación del tratamiento en mención, permitirá restablecer una adecuada armonización oclusal. CONCLUSIONES: La revisión muestra la duración en el tiempo de las resinas y cerámicas en las restauraciones con mínimo desgaste.

Background: The recent growing evidence that the proximal tubule underlies the early pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is unveiling novel and promising perspectives. This pathophysiological concept links tubulointerstitial oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia, and fibrosis with the progression of DKD. In this new angle for DKD, the prevailing molecular mechanisms on proximal tubular cells emerge as an innovative opportunity for prevention and management of DKD as well as to improve diabetic dysmetabolism. Summary: The mercapturate pathway (MAP) is a classical metabolic detoxification route for xenobiotics that is emerging as an integrative circuitry detrimental to resolve tubular inflammation caused by endogenous electrophilic species. Herein we review why and how it might underlie DKD. Key Messages: MAP is a hallmark of proximal tubular cell function, and cysteine-S-conjugates might represent targets for early intervention in DKD. Moreover, the biomonitoring of urinary mercapturates from metabolic inflammation products might be relevant for the implementation of preventive/management strategies in DKD.

The antiretroviral nevirapine (NVP) is associated to a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Despite being a hepatotoxic drug, which forbids its re-purposing to other therapeutic areas, not all NVP metabolites have the same potential to induce toxicity. Our aim was to investigate the effects of NVP and its metabolites in an exploratory study, towards the identification of a candidate to boost HDL. A pilot prospective (n = 11) and a cross-sectional (n = 332) clinical study were performed with the following endpoints: HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) levels, anti-HDL and anti-ApoA1 antibodies titers, paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities of paraoxonase-1, and NVP's metabolite profile. NVP treatment increased HDL-cholesterol, ApoA1 and paraoxonase-1 activities, and lowered anti-HDL and anti-ApoA1 titers. In the prospective study, the temporal modulation induced by NVP was different for each HDL-related endpoint. The first observation was a decrease in the anti-HDL antibodies titers. In the cross-sectional study, the lower titers of anti-HDL antibodies were associated to the proportion of 2-hydroxy-NVP (p = 0.03). In vitro models of hepatocytes were employed to clarify the individual contribution of NVP's metabolites for ApoA1 modulation. Long-term incubations of NVP and 2-hydroxy-NVP in the metabolically competent 3D model caused an increase in ApoA1 reaching 43 % (p < 0.05) and 86 % (p < 0.001), respectively. These results support the contribution of drug biotransformation for NVP-induced HDL modulation, highlighting the role of 2-hydroxy-NVP as ApoA1 booster and its association to lower anti-HDL titers. This biotransformation-guided approach allowed us to identify a non-toxic NVP metabolite as a candidate for targeting HDL. The research work was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Portugal [grant references: SFRH/BD/92191/2013, PhD grant to ATM; CEECIND/02001/2017 grant to AMA; EXPL/DTP-FTO/0204/2012; RECI/QEQ-MED/0330/2012; UID/QUI/00100/2019; PTDC/MED-TOX/29183/2017; UID/DTP/04138/2019; UID/QUI/ 00100/2013; iNOVA4Health - UID/Multi/04462/2013, a program financially supported by FCT/Ministério da Educação e Ciência, through national funds and co-funded by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement]. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Our general goal was to non-invasively evaluate kidney tubular dysfunction. We developed a strategy based on cysteine (Cys) disulfide stress mechanism that underlies kidney dysfunction. There is scarce information regarding the fate of Cys-disulfides (CysSSX), but evidence shows they might be detoxified in proximal tubular cells by the action of N-acetyltransferase 8 (NAT8). This enzyme promotes the addition of an N-acetyl moiety to cysteine-S-conjugates, forming mercapturates that are eliminated in urine. Therefore, we developed a strategy to quantify mercapturates of CysSSX in urine as surrogate of disulfide stress and NAT8 activity in kidney tubular cells. We use a reduction agent for the selective reduction of disulfide bonds. The obtained N-acetylcysteine moiety of the mercapturates from cysteine disulfides was monitored by fluorescence detection. The method was applied to urine from mice and rat as well as individuals with healthy kidney and kidney disease.

Hemodialysis central venous catheter (CVC) insertion can be complicated in patients with anomalous vessel anatomy. In such cases detailed knowledge of thoracic vessel anatomy is necessary to identify the exact location of the catheter. Central venous placement under ultrasound control has significantly reduced the complications associated with blind puncture and allows an appropriate puncture of the desired vessel, but the CVC can still get misplaced if it follows an anomalous route. Herein, we report a case of dialysis catheter placed into a left sided superior vena cava, only diagnosed after CT scan study. Resumo A inserção do cateter venoso central (CVC) para hemodiálise pode ser complicada em pacientes com anatomia anômala dos vasos. Nesses casos, o conhecimento detalhado da anatomia do vaso torácico é necessário para identificar a localização exata do cateter. A colocação venosa central sob controle de ultrassom tem reduzido significativamente as complicações associadas à punção às cegas e permite uma punção apropriada do vaso desejado, mas o CVC ainda pode ficar mal posicionado se seguir uma rota anômala. Aqui, relatamos um caso de cateter de diálise colocado em uma veia cava superior esquerda, apenas diagnosticado após estudo de tomografia computadorizada.

Resumen Las autoridades mexicanas reconocen que el problema de la movilidad urbana en el país es un asunto que se ha ignorado por años, lo que ha acarreado diversas consecuencias sotioespatiales y medioambientales. De igual manera, afirman que se requiere impulsar la estructura de gobernanza urbana, establecer marcos de apoyo y favorecer la planificación y gestión del desarrollo urbano para alinearse con los compromisos de la Nueva Agenda Urbana y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable de ONU-Hábitat. El presente documento expone un esfuerzo de gobernanza tripartita entre el gobierno de San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México, la Universidad del Valle de México, campus Monterrey Norte (UVMCMN) y su comunidad estudiantil para construir patrones locativos y de tipología de movilidad a partir de la implementación de un instrumento cualitativo-cuantitativo. Los resultados evidencian que, aunque existe una buena cobertura de la red de transporte urbano y la comunidad tiene acceso a ella, dicha red es desaprovechada porque sus recorridos no responden a criterios de eficiencia, seguridad o economía para los estudiantes y, en consecuencia, la proximidad entre la vivienda y el espacio educativo, más que considerarse un atributo locativo positivo, es un factor de diferenciación y desigualdad social. Abstract The Mexican authorities recognize that the problem of urban mobility in the country is an issue that has been ignored for years, and that has caused various socio-spatial and environmental consequences. Likewise, they affirm that it is necessary to promote the urban governance structure, establish support frameworks and favor urban planning and management, to align with the commitments of the New Urban Agenda and the UN Sustainable Development Goals- Habitat. This document sets forth a tripartite governance effort between the government of San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico, and the Universidad del Valle de México, Monterrey Norte campus (UVMCMN), and its student community, through which use is made of technology to execute a qualitative-quantitative instrument to build locative patterns and mobility typologies. The results show that, although there is good coverage of the urban transport network and the community has access to it, said network is wasted because its routes make aspects such as efficiency, security or economy difficult, so the proximity between housing and educational space, rather than being considered a positive locative attribute, in this case of study, it is a factor of social differentiation and inequality. Résumé Les autorités mexicaines reconnaissent que le problème de la mobilité urbaine dans le pays est un problème ignoré depuis des années et qui a entraîné diverses conséquences socio-spatiales et environnementales. De la même manière, ils affirment qu'il est nécessaire de promouvoir la structure de gouvernance urbaine, d'établir des cadres de soutien et de favoriser la planification et la gestion urbaines, pour s'aligner sur les engagements du Nouvel Agenda Urbain et les Objectifs de Développement Durable des Nations Unies- Habitat. Ce document présente un effort de gouvernance tripartite entre le gouvernement de San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexique, et l'Universidad del Valle de México, campus de Monterrey Norte (UVMCMN), et sa communauté étudiante, à travers laquelle il est fait usage de la technologie pour exécuter un instrument qualitatif-quantitatif pour construire des modèles locatifs et une typologie de la mobilité. Les résultats montrent que, bien qu'il y ait une bonne couverture du réseau de transport urbain et que la communauté y ait accès, ce réseau est gaspillé car ses itinéraires rendent difficiles des aspects tels que l'efficacité, la sécurité ou l'économie, donc la proximité entre le logement et l'espace éducatif, plutôt que d'être considéré comme un attribut locatif positif, dans le cas de l'étude, il s'agit d'un facteur de différenciation et d'inégalité sociale. Resumo As autoridades mexicanas reconhecem que o problema da mobilidade urbana no país é uma questão ignorada há anos e que causou várias consequências socioespaciais e ambientais. Da mesma forma, afirmam que é necessário promover a estrutura de governança urbana, estabelecer estruturas de apoio e favorecer o planejamento e gestão urbanos, para alinhar-se com os compromissos da Nova Agenda Urbana e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU. Habitat. Este documento estabelece um esforço tripartido de governança entre o governo de San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México, e a Universidade do Vale do México, campus de Monterrey Norte (UVMCMN), e sua comunidade estudantil, através da qual o uso é feito de tecnologia para executar um instrumento qualitativo-quantitativo para construir padrões locativos e tipologia da mobilidade. Os resultados mostram que, embora exista uma boa cobertura da rede de transporte urbano e a comunidade tenha acesso a ela, essa rede é desperdiçada porque suas rotas dificultam aspectos como eficiência, segurança ou economia, dificultando a proximidade entre moradia e espaço educacional, ao invés de ser considerado um atributo locativo positivo, no caso do estudo, é um fator de diferenciação e desigualdade social.

Background and Aims Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histological pattern that is defined by the presence of segmental sclerosis of at least one glomerulus in the kidney biopsy. However, the etiological classification of this lesion remains challenging in clinical practice. FSGS can be divided into primary/idiopathic, genetic or secondary. Nowadays here is no biochemical marker that allows clinicians to distinguish between these categories nor a pathognomonic feature associated to a particular subtype of FSGS. Also, genetic testing is not suitable for all patients. Although it is crucial to determine the cause of FSGS, this is not easily done in clinical practice. Herein we present a series of patients with histologic diagnosis of FSGS in which clinical and histological criteria were applied in order to establish the etiologic classification of FSGS. Method A retrospective analysis of 359 patients who performed kidney biopsy from January 2010 to December 2018 was performed. Patients with histological features of FSGS were identified. Clinical, laboratorial and pathological data were collected, including treatment and outcome. Patients were classified as having genetic FSGS if they accomplished at least one of the following: a) nephrotic syndrome resistant to corticosteroids; b) non-nephrotic proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome with normal serum albumin; c) non-nephrotic proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome with focal foot process effacement or d) non-nephrotic proteinuria with diffuse foot process effacement. The remaining patients were classified as secondary FSGS (if they presented a disease known to be associated with FSGS) or primary FSGS. Each group was divided according to treatment with corticoid, other immunosuppressive agents or and RAAS blockage. Renal outcomes were assessed (progression to ESKD). Results A total of 359 kidney biopsies were performed between January 2010 to December 2018, 66 with a histological pattern of FSGS. 65% (N=43) were males, 71% (N=47) were Caucasian and 23% (N=15) were black. 74% (N=49) had past medical history of hypertension, 26% (N=17) diabetes mellitus and 5% (N=3) had HIV. The majority of patients were classified as having secondary FSGS (52%, N=34), 23% (N=15) were classified as primary and as 25% (N=17) genetic/idiopathic. From the genetic group 58.8% (N=10) were treated with corticoid, 12% (N=2) with other IS agents and 71% (N=12) with ACE/ARB. 29% (N=5) evolved to ESKD (median time to dialysis 11 IQR 1-30). In the primary FSGS group 40% (N=6) were treated with corticoid, 7% (N=1) with other IS agents and 80% (N=12) with ACE/ARB. 27% (N=4) evolved to ESKD (median time to dialysis 0 months, IQR 0-33). In the genetic group 59% (N=10) were treated with corticoid, 12% (N=2) with other IS agents and 71%(N=12) with ACE/ARB. 29% (N=5) evolved to ESKD (median time to dialysis 11 months, IQR 1-30). Conclusion FSGS is a very prevalent glomerular disease and its correct etiologic classification aids in better treatment choice. Although its etiology is not straightforward in most of the patients, some clinical and histological characteristics aid in FSGS classification.

Resumen El estudio se dirige a investigar las diferencias en el uso de un videojuego colaborativo y un videojuego violento a nivel sociocognitivo. Específicamente interesa indagar las diferencias en la percepción del estado de ánimo, el transporte emocional y el comportamiento altruista, así como los factores motivacionales relacionados con el uso de los videojuegos que permiten comprender las variaciones en estas tres dimensiones. Se llevó a cabo un experimento con 50 estudiantes universitarios, el 48 % mujeres y una edad promedio de 20,6 (DT = 1,83). Como procedimiento de análisis se recurrió a pruebas t y a análisis de regresión lineal jerárquica, método paso a paso (stepwise). Los resultados muestran evidencias de que jugar uno u otro juego se asocia a diferentes respuestas sociocognitivas, sobre todo en el plano emocional y motivacional, hallazgos relevantes para la comprensión de los usos cotidianos de estas tecnologías. Se encontró que el videojuego violento favorece estados de ánimo más positivos, mientras que el videojuego colaborativo evoca mayor transporte emocional. Asimismo, la necesidad psicológica de filiación se asocia con el acto de videojugar en contextos de juego compartido, independiente del tipo de juego. Abstract The study aims at researching into the socio-cognitive differences between playing a collaborative video game and a violent video game. Specifically, it is interesting to identify the dissimilarities in the perception of mood, emotional immersion, and altruistic behavior, as well as the motivational factors related to playing video games that allow understanding the variations in these three dimensions. An experiment was carried out with 50 university students, 48 % women and an average age of 20.6 (SD = 1.83). As an analysis procedure, t-tests and hierarchical linear regression were used (stepwise method). Results reveal that playing one game or the other is associated with diverse socio-cognitive responses, especially on the emotional and motivational levels. These findings are relevant to comprehending the daily uses of these technologies. The violent video game was found to favor more positive moods, while the collaborative one induces greater emotional immersion. The psychological need for connection is also associated with the act of playing video games in shared contexts, regardless of the type. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é pesquisar as diferenças no uso de um videogame colaborativo e um videogame violento no âmbito da cognição social. Em específico, interessa questionar as diferenças na percepção do estado de humor, no transporte emocional e no comportamento altruísta, bem como os fatores motivacionais relacionados com o uso de videogames que permitem compreender as variações nessas três dimensões. Realizou-se uma experiência com 50 estudantes universitários - 48 % mulheres e idade média de 20,6 anos (DP = 1,83). Como procedimento de análise, recorreu-se a testes t e à análise de regressão linear hierárquica, método passo a passo (stepwise). Os resultados mostram evidências de que jogar um ou outro jogo está associado com diferentes respostas cognitivas, sobretudo no plano emocional e motivacional, achados relevantes para compreender os usos cotidianos dessas tecnologias. Verificou-se que o videogame violento favorece estados de humor mais positivos, enquanto o colaborativo evoca maior transporte emocional. Além disso, a necessidade psicológica de afiliação se relaciona com o ato de jogar em contextos de jogos em rede, independentemente do tipo de jogo.

Light chain cast nephropathy (LCCN) in multiple myeloma often leads to severe and poorly reversible acute kidney injury. Severe renal impairment influences the allocation of chemotherapy and its tolerability; it also affects patient survival. Whether renal biopsy findings add to the clinical assessment in predicting renal and patient outcomes in LCCN is uncertain. We retrospectively reviewed clinical presentation, chemotherapy regimens, hematologic response, and renal and patient outcomes in 178 patients with biopsy-proven LCCN from 10 centers in Europe and North America. A detailed pathology review, including assessment of the extent of cast formation, was performed to study correlations with initial presentation and outcomes. Patients presented with a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 13 ± 11 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 82% had stage 3 acute kidney injury. The mean number of casts was 3.2/mm2 in the cortex. Tubulointerstitial lesions were frequent: acute tubular injury (94%), tubulitis (82%), tubular rupture (62%), giant cell reaction (60%), and cortical and medullary inflammation (95% and 75%, respectively). Medullary inflammation, giant cell reaction, and the extent of cast formation correlated with eGFR value at LCCN diagnosis. During a median follow-up of 22 months, mean eGFR increased to 43 ± 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Age, β2-microglobulin, best hematologic response, number of cortical casts per square millimeter, and degree of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) were independently associated with a higher eGFR during follow-up. This eGFR value correlated with overall survival, independently of the hematologic response. This study shows that extent of cast formation and IFTA in LCCN predicts the quality of renal response, which, in turn, is associated with overall survival.

En el presente documento se investigan y representan los patrones de ocupación de las mujeres en las unidades de transporte público de la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey con un enfoque socioespacial diferenciado por el efecto de la violencia de género. Se incluyen antecedentes teóricos de los estudios urbanos basada en género, violencia, paisajes invisibles, miedo y memoria, así como de los imaginarios urbanos, para, finalmente, establecer un vínculo con la movilidad urbana, en particular, con el transporte público, asimilado como una extensión del espacio público. Asimismo, se describe la metodología mixta implementada, cuya conformación incorpora la utilización de herramientas gráficas que facilitan la representación e interpretación de las dinámicas de las mujeres en la ocupación de las unidades de transporte público, con las cuales se producen patrones diferenciados de acuerdo con el horario, la ubicación del asiento elegido y las experiencias propias en materia de violencia de género que sirven como representación de la población involucrada en el imaginario urbano. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre los diversos obstáculos socioespaciales para la utilización y la ocupación justa y equitativa del transporte público como parte del derecho a la ciudad y sobre los hallazgos en materia de patrones de comportamiento comorecurso para la construcción de imaginarios urbanos del miedo, las posibilidades de su investigación posterior y la incorporación o redelimitación de variables que permitan una mayor comprensión del problema expuesto.

Numerical models play a fundamental role in the development of marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbines, as they can evaluate their performance and assess interactions with the local environment. Actuator representations that incorporate a force in the momentum equation of the flow are commonly used in numerical models to study the complex dynamics of wakes generated by the devices. However, the implications of adopting any of these approaches in simulations of turbulent wakes are not yet clear. To understand the effects produced by different approaches, we carry out simulations using a coherent-structure resolving turbulence model, for which we test three actuator representations: Actuator Disk, Blade-Element Momentum, and Actuator Lines. We reproduce an experiment with a horizontal-axis turbine and show the influence of each formulation on the mean flow and on the dynamics of the wake. In all three cases, unsteady large-scale vortices govern the flow statistics, but while the mean flow is captured reasonably well by all models, they produce structures of different scales and rotational features that control the details of wake recovery. These new insights can help define the most appropriate model for each specific flow and improve predictions at different spatial scales in future investigations.

Kidney diseases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are often misdiagnosed. Despite reductions in morbidity and mortality owing to widespread use of highly effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still more common in these patients than in the general population, and are associated with poor health outcomes. HIV-associated nephropathy and HIV immune complex kidney diseases are the more recognizable HIV-related kidney diseases. However, a broad spectrum of kidney disorders related or not directly related with HIV infection can be observed, including cART-induced AKI, CKD, proximal tubular dysfunction, crystalluria and urolithiasis, among others. This review summarizes the major epidemiologic studies of kidney diseases in HIV-infected patients, discusses novel approaches that may potentially limit nephrotoxicity such as the use of tenofovir alafenamide, and outlines current screening measures for early diagnosis of kidney dysfunction or tubular damage, and for accurate detection of increased risk for acute or chronic kidney diseases. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Este artículo es un aporte al estudio del procesamiento moral del uso de Facebook desde el punto de vista de la cognición social. La investigación tuvo por objetivo identificar algunos predictores de las tendencias morales de uso, específicamente aquellas denominadas por la investigación antecedente como hedonista y eudaimónica, de esta red social. El énfasis se concentró en la medición de las posibles asociaciones entre un tipo de comportamiento auto-presentativo y otro prosocial y la presencia de las tendencias hedonistas y eudaimónicas. Se recurrió a un cuestionario auto-aplicado, administrado a 122 estudiantes universitarios (62.5% mujeres y edad promedio 20.77, DT: 6.85). Los resultados mostraron una asociación negativa entre el comportamiento prosocial y las tendencias hedonistas, así como otra asociación positiva entre el comportamiento de uso prosocial y la tendencia moral eudaimónica. Se discuten estos resultados identificando sus alcances y señalando la necesidad de mayor investigación futura. This article aims to contribute to the study of the moral processing of the use of Facebook from a social cognition perspective. The goal of this research was to identify some predictors of the hedonistic and eudaimonic use tendencies of this social network. We focused on the measurement of possible associations between a self-presentative and a prosocial type of behavior and the presence of hedonistic and eudaimonic tendencies. In order to do this, we used a self-applied questionnaire that was administered to 122 university students (62.5% women, mean age 20.77, SD: 6.85). Results showed a negative association between prosocial behavior and hedonistic tendencies, and a positive association between prosocial behavior and eudaimonic moral tendency. These results are discussed pointing to need for more research in this topic. Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP)

Objective To determine the prevalence of symptoms of ocular surface disease (OSDI) surface disease and its relationship with associated risk factors in patients of ophthalmic practices using OSDI questionnaire. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted Between September and December 2014 to assess the prevalence and risk factors for OSDI. Results The OSDI average value was 40.46 ± 23.62 points, with 86.4% of patients (1967) having a OSDI score higher than 12 points. Women had OSDI symptoms more frequently than men (odds ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.28) and higher OSDI score (42.12 ± 24.03 vs. 38.01 ± 22.81 points). Patients without disease were younger than the patients with severe disease (45.30 ± 18.32 vs. 50.62 ± 18.86). Conclusions Ophthalmological patients have a prevalence of 80.4% of OSDI. Female and older age was associated with ocular surface disease.

Widespread use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, increasing life expectancy and quality of life.1 Despite this success, kidney disease remains a problem in this population with cART associated with both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)2,S1 The incidence of AKI in HIV outpatients ranges from 2.7 to 6.9 per 100 person-years, whereas hospital-related AKI is between 6% and 18%.2 AKI is commonly multifactorial, with volume depletion, sepsis, and drug nephrotoxicity the most frequent etiologies.2, 3 Drug-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for up to 30% of AKI episodes in critically ill patients.S2 There is increasing evidence that cART can lead to a wide variety of nephrotoxic effects and mild to severe AKI.4 Many factors contribute to drug-induced AKI in patients with HIV2; the most frequent mechanisms of cART nephrotoxicity are summarized in Table 1.2 Table 1 Causes of AKI in HIV-positive patients and manifestations of antiretroviral toxicity2

Drug bioactivation to reactive metabolites capable of covalent adduct formation with bionucleophiles is a major cause of drug-induced adverse reactions. Therefore, elucidation of reactive metabolites is essential to unravel the toxicity mechanisms induced by drugs and thereby identify patient subgroups at higher risk. Etravirine (ETR) was the first second-generation Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) to be approved, as a therapeutic option for HIV-infected patients who developed resistance to the first-generation NNRTIs. Additionally, ETR came into market aiming to overcome some adverse effects associated with the previously used efavirenz (neurotoxicity) and nevirapine (hepatotoxicity) therapies. Nonetheless, post-marketing reports of severe ETR-induced skin rash and hypersensitivity reactions have prompted the U.S. FDA to issue a safety alert on ETR. Taking into consideration that ETR usage may increase in the near future, due to the possible use of the drug for coinfection with malaria and HIV, the development of reliable prognostic tools for early risk/benefit estimations is urgent. In the current study, high resolution mass spectrometry-based methodologies were integrated with MS3 experiments for the identification of reactive ETR metabolites/adducts: 1) in vitro incubation of the drug with human and rat liver S9 fractions in the presence of Phase I and II co-factors, including glutathione, as a trapping bionucleophile; and 2) in vivo, using urine samples from HIV-infected patients on ETR therapy. We obtained evidence for multiple bioactivation pathways leading to the formation of covalent adducts with glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. These results suggest that similar reactions may occur with cysteine residues of proteins, supporting a role for ETR bioactivation in the onset of the toxic effects elicited by the drug. Additionally, ETR metabolites stemming from amine oxidation, with potential toxicological significance, were identified in vitro and in vivo. Also noteworthy is the fact that new metabolic conjugation pathways of glucuronide metabolites were demonstrated for the first time, raising questions about their potential toxicological implications. In conclusion, these results represent not only a contribution towards the elucidation of new metabolic pathways of drugs in general but also an important step towards the elucidation of potentially toxic ETR pathways, whose understanding may be crucial for reliable risk/benefit estimations of ETR-based regimens.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common primary glomerular disease in nephrotic patients in the United States, frequently leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). The cellular variant is a rare form of FSGS commonly associated with poor outcome. We report a case of cellular variant FSGS with progressive kidney dysfunction successfully treated with plasma exchange (PE). A 49-year-old Caucasian female presented with two days of ankle edema and hypertension. Laboratory findings showed serum creatinine (SCr) 1.6 mg/dL, urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) 2.8 g/g, haematuria 3+ and no immunological abnormalities. Kidney biopsy revealed a cellular FSGS variant with segmental endocapillary proliferation on light microscopic, negative immunofluorescence and widespread foot process effacement by electronic microscopic. Prednisolone 1 mg/Kg was started. Four days later the SCr worsened (3.6 mg/dL) and the patient became severely nephrotic with uACR of6.8g/g, quickly attaining a maximum of 24.6 g/g in a short time and albumin of 2.15g/dL. Pulsed methyl prednisolone was started. Despite a 10 course of steroids, no clinical improvement was observed. Considering the rapidly worsening renal function and severe nephrotic syndrome, PE was begun in association with mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus. Kidney function recovered after one week. Complete remission was achieved at 3rd week and remains in complete remission at 27 months follow-up. Prolonged remission is a challenge in primary FSGS. PE associated with combined immunosuppression was effective in the present case. The short and long-term effects of plasma exchange in primary FSGS should be evaluated in prospective studies. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

We investigated whether community-acquired acute kidney injury encountered in a tertiary hospital emergency department setting increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality, and whether plasma biomarkers could improve the prediction of those adverse outcomes. In a prospective cohort study, we enrolled 616 patients at admission to the emergency department and followed them for a median of 62.1 months. Within this cohort, 130 patients were adjudicated as having acute kidney injury, 159 transient azotemia, 15 stable CKD, and 312 normal renal function. Serum cystatin C and plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were measured at index admission. After adjusting for clinical variables, the risk of developing CKD stage 3, as well as the risk of death, were increased in the acute kidney injury group (hazard ratio [HR], 5.7 [95% confidence interval, 3.8–8.7] and HR, 1.9 [95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.8], respectively). The addition of serum cystatin C increased the ability to predict the risk of developing CKD stage 3, and death (HR, 1.5 [1.1–2.0] and 1.6 [1.1–2.3], respectively). The addition of plasma NGAL resulted in no improvement in predicting CKD stage 3 or mortality (HR, 1.0 [0.7–1.5] and 1.2 [0.8–1.8], respectively). The risk of developing CKD stage 3 was also significantly increased in the transient azotemia group (HR, 2.4 [1.5–3.6]). Thus, an episode of community acquired acute kidney injury markedly increases the risk of CKD, and moderately increases the risk of death. Our findings highlight the importance of follow-up of patients with community acquired acute kidney injury, for potential early initiation of renal protective strategies.

Tidal energy converter (TEC) arrays in tidal channels generate complex flow phenomena due to interactions with the local environment and among devices. Models with different resolutions are thus employed to study flows past TEC farms, which consider multiple spatial and temporal scales. Simulations over tidal cycles use mesoscale ocean circulation models, incorporating a thrust coefficient to model the momentum sink that represents the effects of the array. In this work, we propose an expression for a thrust coefficient to represent finite-sized farms of TEC turbines at larger scales, C t F a r m , which depends on the spatial organization of the devices. We use a coherent-structure resolving turbulence model coupled with the actuator disk approach to simulate staggered turbine configurations in more detail, varying the separation among devices and the ratios between the channel depths and hub heights. Based on these simulations, we calculate the resultant force for various subsets of devices within the farm, and their corresponding effective thrust coefficient, C t F a r m . We conclude that the thrust coefficient depends solely on the lateral separation of the devices, S y , for farms with only two rows. For farms with more than two rows, the streamwise distance, S x , must be considered as well. With the proposed expression, it is possible to calculate efficiently the effects of finite-sized TEC farms and incorporate a momentum sink into ocean circulation models, without assuming a constant coefficient derived from an infinite farm approximation.