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B cells interact with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in germinal centers (GCs) to generate high-affinity antibodies. Much less is known about how cognate T–B-cell interactions influence Th cells that enter circulation and peripheral tissues. Therefore, we generated mice lacking MHC-II expressing B cells and, by thoracic duct cannulation, analyzed Th cells in the efferent lymph at defined intervals post-immunization. Focusing on gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), we show that antigen-specific α4β7+ gut-homing effector Th cells enter the circulation prior to CXCR5+PD-1+ Tfh-like cells. B cells appear to have no or limited impact on the early generation and egress of gut-homing Th cells but are critical for the subsequent appearance of Tfh-like cells that peak in the lymph before GCs have developed. At this stage, antigen-presenting B cells also reduce the proportion of α4β7+ Th cells in the MLN and efferent lymph. Furthermore, cognate B-cell interaction drives a broad transcriptional program in Th cells, including IL-4 that is confined to the Tfh cell lineage. The IL-4-producing Tfh-like cells originate from Bcl6+ precursors in the LNs and have gut-homing capacity. Hence, B cells program the efferent lymph Th cell response within a limited window of time after antigenic challenge.

Väg 156 är över 100 km och går från Ryamotet på väg 40 till länsgränsen. Sträckan går genom jordbruksmark och skogsmark och passerar genom flera tätorter. Vägen går genom fyra kommuner (Härryda, Mark, Svenljunga och Tranemo). Studien har tillämpat fyrstegsprincipen och utmynnar i allt från smärre åtgärder (kantsten) till namngivna objekt i regional plan (2+1-väg). Publikationen ersätter en tidigare variant av åtgärdsvalsstudien, publikation 2020:124

In a cooperation between Brunsbüttel NPP (KKB) and Studsvik Nuclear AB, a post-irradiation examination (PIE) project is carried out on 13 Special Fuel Rods at the Studsvik Hot Cell Laboratory. The research project includes three focus areas; Basic PIE and characterization of the conditions of the Special Fuel Rods, a study of the drying process for defect rods and determination of the residual moisture content, and a study of hydride reorientation during dry storage (reported in another paper). The set of 13 Special Fuel Rods is composed of rods of different fuel rod designs and manufactured by different vendors, which is representative of the fuel used in KKB over its operational life. Twelve defect rods represent a wide range of several important failure mechanisms, including classical pellet cladding interaction (PCI), PCI with secondary degradation, fretting and fretting with secondary degradation. The defects observed are tight cladding breakthroughs, small penetrations, axial cracks and circular cracks. Two rods have also experienced significant fuel loss, one at a transversal break of the rod and another with a large loss of cladding which exposed the fuel to the coolant. The 13 Special Fuel Rods were shipped to Studsvik Hot Cell Laboratory in February 2018. Handling and preparations for transport from KKB is described in [1]. This reference also includes basic data on the rods and an overview of the PIE program. The early stage of the project included basic PIE, non-destructive and some destructive characterization of the fuel rods and of the failure sites. Selected parts of this work was reported in a 2019 TopFuel paper [2]. The PIE project has since progressed, and more detailed destructive characterization examinations have been performed including hydrogen measurements, mechanical bend testing, dewpoint measurements and loss-on-drying tests. This paper presents selected results obtained from examinations and tests performed since 2019.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relation ses som ett stort samhällsproblem och det påverkar främst kvinnor och barn. Våldet kan ske genom fysiskt, psykiskt, materiellt eller sexuellt våld och personer som utsätts för våld har sämre psykisk och fysisk hälsa. Eftersom sjuksköterskan ofta möter barn har dem möjlighet att identifiera barn som lever i våldsrelationer. Sjuksköterskan behöver därför besitta förmågan att skapa ett vårdande möte med barnet för att barnet ska kunna öppna upp sig till sjuksköterskan och dela sin livsvärld. Syfte: Undersöka sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att upptäcka och möta barn i våldsrelationer. Metod: För att svara på syftet gjordes en tvärsnittsstudie i form av enkätundersökning som analyserades som kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet av enkätundersökningen redovisas i tre kategorier och dessa kategorier är att lita på sin egen magkänsla i mötet med barn, möta våldsutsatta barn med respekt och trygghet i kunskap och kontinuerlig utbildning. Sjuksköterskor uttryckte att dem behövde mer utbildning för att känna sig säkra i att identifiera barn som lever i våldsrelationer. Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor skulle göra en orosanmälan vid misstanke.Konklusion: Studien visar att utbildning inom ämnet våld mot barn är viktigt för att sjuksköterskor ska känna sig säkra i att hantera dessa patientfall. Background: Domestic abuse is a big social problem, and it effects mainly woman and children. The violence can be physical, psychological, materialistic, or sexual violence and people that’s being exposed to violence have worse psychological and physical health. Because the nurse often meets children, then they have an opportunity to identify children that’s living in domestic abuse. The nurse needs to posses the ability to create a caring encounter, so the child encourages to open to the nurse and share his or her life world. Aim: Investigate nurses experience of detecting and encountering children living under violent relationships. Method: To answer the aim, a cross-sectional study was made in the form of a survey that was analyzed as a qualitative content analysis. Findings: The result of the survey is being presented in three categories and those categories are trusting your gut-feeling in the meeting with the child, meeting domestic abused children with respect and safety in knowledge and continues education. Nurses expressed that they needed more training to feel secure in identifying children living in abusive relationships. The results show that most nurses would report a concern in case of suspicion. Conclusion: The survey shows that education in domestic abuse against children is important for nurses to feel secure in managing these patients