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Physical education is a crucial subject in school and is taught to students of all ages. Except for the traditional sports curriculum, students are expected to learn skills such as swimming and engage in outdoor activities. However, these activities require education at locations that are not the regular sports facility and which all schools do not have the same access to. This study examines how the availability of different facilities affects education and which factors have the most impact. Through the use of a quantitative method, more specifically a survey, physical education teachers across Sweden have responded to questions regarding the accessibility of teaching facilities and their impact. The result of the study aligns with previous research in the same field, revealing that several factors influence education. The two factors that have the most limiting effects on education are teaching larger groups of students and small facilities, while access to swimming facilities and proximity to outdoor teaching locations also have negative effects.

SAMMANFATTNING Titel: ESG-betyg och aktievärde: En kvantitativ studie som undersöker sambandet mellan ESG-betyg och aktievärde. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Malin Printz och Oskar Karlsson Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: Januari - 2024 Syfte: Företagens hållbarhetsarbete har blivit ett aktuellt ämne på senare år. Denna studie baseras på tidigare forskning om hur ESG-betyg påverkar företagens aktievärde. Tidigare forskning har gett varierande resultat med både negativa och positiva samband, vilket har motiverat behovet av ytterligare undersökningar inom ämnet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera hur ESG-poäng påverkar företagens aktievärdering. Metod: Studien har en positivistisk utgångspunkt med ett objektivistiskt ontologiskt perspektiv. En deduktiv ansats har tagits där teori inom området prövas genom kvantitativ metod. Utifrån teori har en hypotes tagits fram som sedan prövas empiriskt med hjälp av datainsamling. I denna studie tillämpas en tvärsnittsdesign där en uppsättning mätbara data från flera företag samlas in vid en specifik tidpunkt. Empiriska data hämtades från 1800 europeiska företag för räkenskapsåret 2023 genom den sekundära databasen Refinitiv Eikon. Dataanalyser genomfördes via flertalet regressionsanalyser i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat & slutsats: Inget samband hittades mellan ESG-poäng och aktievärde. För att förklara studiens resultat gick stöd att finna i teorin om den Effektiva Marknads hypotesen.Examensarbetets bidrag: Detta är en av få studier som använder P/E som mått för marknadsvärde i relation till ESG vilket kompletterar tidigare forskning som använt andra mått. Det finns inte så mycket forskning inom området då det utvecklats mycket på senare år. På så sätt kan denna studie bidra ytterligare. Det finns inte heller så många studier som utgått från data i sådan närtid. Denna forskning har utga

Till följd av den allt mer förekommande användningen av digitala verktyg i samhället, har skolan anpassat sig därefter. År 2017 fattades ett regeringsbeslut (U2017/04119/S, s.3) om att den svenska skolan ska värna om att utveckla en högt belägen digital färdighet för alla som är verksamma i skolans dagliga praktik. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns potential för bättre förståelse och ökad motivation i matematik, men det råder en brist på forskning som styrker att resultaten förstärks genom digitala verktyg. Med hänsyn till regeringsbeslutet samt tidigare forskning, är syftet med den här litteraturstudien således att undersöka vad senare forskning säger om de effekter digitala verktyg har på matematikundervisningen med hänsyn till klassrumsklimat, inställning och lärande. Frågeställningen och utgångspunkten för den här litteraturstudien är således: Vilka effekter har matematikundervisning med digitala verktyg på klassrumsklimatet, lärare och elevers inställning och elevers lärande i matematik? Med utgångspunkt i frågeställningen har tio artiklar inkluderats och analyserats genom en tematisk analys. Utifrån den tematiska analysen identifierades tre huvudteman, vilka ligger till grund för litteraturstudiens resultat. Resultatet indikerar att digitala verktyg har en inverkan på elever och lärares inställning, likväl potential till att öka elevers förståelse och bidra till ett positivt klassrumsklimat. Dock förmår inte resultaten i denna litteraturstudie, likt tidigare forskning, att finna bevis på att implementering av digitala verktyg förstärker elevers studieresultat.

Studiens intention är att synliggöra hur mellanstadielärare ställer sig till att användadigitala verktyg i matematikundervisningen, tillika vilken roll lärares digitalakompetens har för att använda sig av dem. Enligt ett regeringsbeslut (U2017/04119/S,s. 3), ska den svenska skolan ligga i framkant när det kommer till digitaliseringen iskolan. Därtill ställer styrdokumenten också krav på användning av digitala verktyg imatematikundervisningen. Dock har diskussion i aktuell debatt till viss del handlat omförändringsprocessen från ett analogt till ett digitalt klassrum och huruvida denprocessen gjorts på ett korrekt sätt. Av den anledningen anser vi det är av relevans attundersöka hur lärare ställer sig till att tillämpa digitala verktyg genom studiens tvåfrågeställningar:- Vilka för- respektive nackdelar anser mellanstadielärare det finns medanvändning av digitala verktyg i matematikundervisningen?- Vilken roll har lärares digitala kompetens för tillämpandet av digitala verktygi matematikundervisningen?För att undersöka detta, har vi genom en deduktiv ansats analyseratsemistrukturerade intervjuer med olika lärare och vidare analyserat följande genomteorin som tar utgångspunkt i TPACK-modellen, samt genom begreppet mediering.Analysen resulterade i tre teman. Två av dem handlar om fördelar och nackdelar meddigitala verktyg och den tredje underrubriken som analysen genererade handlar omlärares digitala kompetens. Resultaten visar att fördelar kan kopplas till attdifferentiering av undervisning underlättas och att eleverna blir mer motiveradegenom digitala verktyg. Negativa aspekter som nämns kopplas till att elever kan blifrustrerade då de inte använder verktygen på rätt sätt, samt att de gör annat än det somär tilltänkt. Resultaten visar vidare att lärare efterfrågar inspiration om olikaundervisningsmetoder genom digitala verktyg. Arbetets slutsats tyder på att lärare börtilldelas möjlighet i att utveckla sin förmåga att söka program eller metoder där de kannivåanpassa

In the year of 2014 Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula. Eight years later, Russia escalated the war by carrying out a full-scale military invasion on the rest of Ukraine. Since then, the Russo-Ukrainian war have turned out to become a war of the military-industrial capacities between the west and Russia. Because of this, Russian military logistics is of vital interest to western scholars, professionals and the broader public, but the topic is unfortunately not easily understood. The purpose of this paper is in general to contribute to the broader research on military logistics and specifically to contribute to the understanding of Russian military logistics. This is done by conducting a case study on the operational logistics of the Russian Armed Forces in the Russo-Ukrainian war. This is achieved by using the theories of Moshe Kress on operational logistics as analytical framework. The method used is a qualitative text analysis. The results show that the logistics system of the Russian Armed Forces have the ability to improvise logistics proceedings and prioritize resources and partially have the ability to achieve stability in the logistic flow and to push the right quantity of supplies into the theatre of operations. In addition, the logistics system does not have the ability to decide on the “tooth-to-tail” ratio, and lastly, the Russian Armed Forces does not have the ability to protect its logistics system.

This work presents a case study in applying a systematic review framework (SYRINA) to the identification of chemicals as endocrine disruptors. The suitability and performance of the framework is tested with regard to the widely accepted World Health Organization definition of an endocrine disruptor (ED). The endocrine disrupting potential of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a well-studied flame retardant reported to exhibit various endocrine related effects was assessed. We followed the 7 steps of the SYRINA framework, articulating the research objective via Populations, Exposures, Comparators, Outcomes (PECO) statements, performed literature search and screening, conducted study evaluation, performed data extraction and summarized and integrated the evidence. Overall, 66 studies, consisting of in vivo, in vitro and epidemiological data, were included. We concluded that triphenyl phosphate could be identified as an ED based on metabolic disruption and reproductive function. We found that the tools used in this case study and the optimizations performed on the framework were suitable to assess properties of EDs. A number of challenges and areas for methodological development in systematic appraisal of evidence relating to endocrine disrupting potential were identified; significant time and effort were needed for the analysis of in vitro mechanistic data in this case study, thus increasing the workload and time needed to perform the systematic review process. Further research and development of this framework with regards to grey literature (non-peer-reviewed literature) search, harmonization of study evaluation methods, more consistent evidence integration approaches and a pre-defined method to assess links between adverse effect and endocrine activity are recommended. It would also be advantageous to conduct more case studies for a chemical with less data than TPP.

This work presents a case study in applying a systematic review framework (SYRINA) to the identification of chemicals as endocrine disruptors. The suitability and performance of the framework is tested with regard to the widely accepted World Health Organization definition of an endocrine disruptor (ED). The endocrine disrupting potential of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a well-studied flame retardant reported to exhibit various endocrine related effects was assessed. We followed the 7 steps of the SYRINA framework, articulating the research objective via Populations, Exposures, Comparators, Outcomes (PECO) statements, performed literature search and screening, conducted study evaluation, performed data extraction and summarized and integrated the evidence. Overall, 66 studies, consisting of in vivo, in vitro and epidemiological data, were included. We concluded that triphenyl phosphate could be identified as an ED based on metabolic disruption and reproductive function. We found that the tools used in this case study and the optimizations performed on the framework were suitable to assess properties of EDs. A number of challenges and areas for methodological development in systematic appraisal of evidence relating to endocrine disrupting potential were identified; significant time and effort were needed for the analysis of in vitro mechanistic data in this case study, thus increasing the workload and time needed to perform the systematic review process. Further research and development of this framework with regards to grey literature (non-peer-reviewed literature) search, harmonization of study evaluation methods, more consistent evidence integration approaches and a pre-defined method to assess links between adverse effect and endocrine activity are recommended. It would also be advantageous to conduct more case studies for a chemical with less data than TPP., This work presents a case study in applying a systematic review framework (SYRINA) to the identification of chemicals as endocrine disruptors. The suitability and performance of the framework is tested with regard to the widely accepted World Health Organization definition of an endocrine disruptor (ED). The endocrine disrupting potential of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a well-studied flame retardant reported to exhibit various endocrine related effects was assessed. We followed the 7 steps of the SYRINA framework, articulating the research objective via Populations, Exposures, Comparators, Outcomes (PECO) statements, performed literature search and screening, conducted study evaluation, performed data extraction and summarized and integrated the evidence. Overall, 66 studies, consisting of in vivo, in vitro and epidemiological data, were included. We concluded that triphenyl phosphate could be identified as an ED based on metabolic disruption and reproductive function. We found that the tools used in this case study and the optimizations performed on the framework were suitable to assess properties of EDs. A number of challenges and areas for methodological development in systematic appraisal of evidence relating to endocrine disrupting potential were identified; significant time and effort were needed for the analysis of in vitro mechanistic data in this case study, thus increasing the workload and time needed to perform the systematic review process. Further research and development of this framework with regards to grey literature (non-peer-reviewed literature) search, harmonization of study evaluation methods, more consistent evidence integration approaches and a pre-defined method to assess links between adverse effect and endocrine activity are recommended. It would also be advantageous to conduct more case studies for a chemical with less data than TPP.

Concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse health effects of the ubiquitous herbicide glyphosate. Here, we investigated long-term effects of developmental exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) by analyzing serum melatonin levels and cellular changes in the striatum of adult male rats (90 days old). Pregnant and lactating rats were exposed to 3% GBH (0.36% glyphosate) through drinking water from gestational day 5 to postnatal day 15. The offspring showed reduced serum melatonin levels (43%) at the adult age compared with the control group. The perinatal exposure to GBH also induced long-term oxidative stress-related changes in the striatum demonstrated by increased lipid peroxidation (45%) and DNA/RNA oxidation (39%) together with increased protein levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD1, 24%), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC, 58%), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1, 31%). Moreover, perinatal GBH exposure significantly increased the total number of neurons (20%) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons (38%) in the adult striatum. Mechanistic in vitro studies with primary rat pinealocytes exposed to 50 mu M glyphosate demonstrated a decreased melatonin secretion partially through activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3), while higher glyphosate levels (100 or 500 mu M) also reduced the pinealocyte viability. Since decreased levels of the important antioxidant and neuroprotector melatonin have been associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders, this demonstrates the need to consider the melatonin hormone system as a central endocrine-related target of glyphosate and other environmental contaminants.

This work presents a case study in applying a systematic review framework (SYRINA) to the identification of chemicals as endocrine disruptors. The suitability and performance of the framework is tested with regard to the widely accepted World Health Organization definition of an endocrine disruptor (ED). The endocrine disrupting potential of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a well-studied flame retardant reported to exhibit various endocrine related effects was assessed. We followed the 7 steps of the SYRINA framework, articulating the research objective via Populations, Exposures, Comparators, Outcomes (PECO) statements, performed literature search and screening, conducted study evaluation, performed data extraction and summarized and integrated the evidence. Overall, 66 studies, consisting of in vivo, in vitro and epidemiological data, were included. We concluded that triphenyl phosphate could be identified as an ED based on metabolic disruption and reproductive function. We found that the tools used in this case study and the optimizations performed on the framework were suitable to assess properties of EDs. A number of challenges and areas for methodological development in systematic appraisal of evidence relating to endocrine disrupting potential were identified; significant time and effort were needed for the analysis of in vitro mechanistic data in this case study, thus increasing the workload and time needed to perform the systematic review process. Further research and development of this framework with regards to grey literature (non-peer-reviewed literature) search, harmonization of study evaluation methods, more consistent evidence integration approaches and a pre-defined method to assess links between adverse effect and endocrine activity are recommended. It would also be advantageous to conduct more case studies for a chemical with less data than TPP.

Nontarget mass spectrometry has great potential to reveal patterns of water contamination globally through community science, but few studies are conducted in low-income countries, nor with open-source workflows, and few datasets are FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). Water was collected from urban and rural rivers around Dhaka, Bangladesh, and analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry in four ionization modes (electrospray ionization +/-, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization +/-) with data -independent MS2 acquisition. The acquisition strategy was complementary: 19,427 and 7365 features were unique to ESI and APCI, respectively. The complexity of water pollution was revealed by >26,000 unique molecular features resolved by MS-DIAL, among which >20,000 correlated with urban sources in Dhaka. A major wastewater treatment plant was not a dominant pollution source, consistent with major contributions from uncontrolled urban drainage, a result that encourages development of further wastewater infrastructures. Matching of deconvoluted MS2 spectra to public libraries resulted in 62 confident annotations (i.e., Level 1-2a) and allowed semiquantification of 42 analytes including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and personal care products. In silico structure prediction for the top 100 unknown molecular features associated with an urban source allowed 15 additional chemicals of anthropogenic origin to be annotated (i.e., Level 3). The authentic MS2 spectra were uploaded to MassBank Europe, mass spectral data were openly shared on the MassIVE repository, a tool (i.e., MASST) that could be used for community science environmental surveillance was demonstrated, and current limitations were discussed.

Ambiences that represent environments or landscapes play a crucial role in the soundtrack of a film when the geographic setting is important for the film’s narrative. When sound designers can encourage viewers to both notice and accept the environment displayed in the film, this can contribute to an immersive experience. Prior research has discussed how changes in the level of detail, or complexity, of ambiences and soundscapes can affect the perceived immersion of a film experience. This study aims to further investigate this topic by looking at how the complexity of a minor category of sound elements, environmental sounds, affects the immersiveness of a film scene. A listening/viewing test was conducted in a controlled studio environment where participants watched a video segment that was synced to two different versions of an environmental soundscape. One version was more complex than the other. All of the subjects watched and listened to the same video-soundscape combinations. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through an online questionnaire. The participants were asked to rate the video segments for immersion-related qualities and to motivate their ratings. The results did not show enough statistical significance to support the idea that a change in complexity affects all of the three qualities perceived presence, realism and how accurately the amount of sonic details matched the picture. However, the subjects’ motivations of their ratings for perceived presence and realism indicate that a detailed, layered soundscape that includes rarely occurring sound elements provides a stronger experience of presence and realism. Future research based on the findings from this study is presented.