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2. Visions for nature and nature’s contributions to people for the 21st century. Report from an IPBES visioning workshop held on 4-8 September 2017 in Auckland, New Zealand

Author

Lundquist, C.J., Pereira, H.M., Alkemade, R., den Belder, E., Carvalho Ribeiro, S., Davies, K., Greenaway, A., Hauck, Jennifer, Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I., Kim, H., King, N., Lazarova, T., Pereira, L., Peterson, G., Ravera, F., van den Brink, T., Argumedo, A., Arida, C., Armenteras, D., Ausseil, A.G., Baptiste, B., Belanger, J., Bingham, K., Bowden-Kerby, A., Cao, M., Carino, J., Van Damme, P.A., Devivo, R., Dickson, F., Dushimumuremyi, J.P., Ferrier, S., Flores-Díaz, A., Foley, M., Garcia Marquez, J., Giraldo-Perez, P., Greenhaigh, S., Hamilton, D.J., Hardison, P., Hicks, G., Hughey, K., Kahui-McConnell, R., Karuri-Sebina, G., De Kock, M., Leadley, P., Lemaitre, F., Maltseva, E., de Mattos Scaramuzza, C.A., Metwally, M., Nelson, W., Ngo, H., Neumann, C., Norrie, C., Perry, J., Quintana, R., Rodriguez Osuna, V.E., Roehrl, C., Seager, J., Sharpe, H., Shortland, T., Shulbaeva, P., Sumaila, U.R., Takahashi, Y., Titeux, N., Tiwari, S., Trisos, C., Ursache, A., Wheatley, A., Wilson, D., Wood, S., van Wyk, E., Yue, T.X., Zulfikar, D., Lundquist, C.J., Pereira, H.M., Alkemade, R., den Belder, E., Carvalho Ribeiro, S., Davies, K., Greenaway, A., Hauck, Jennifer, Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I., Kim, H., King, N., Lazarova, T., Pereira, L., Peterson, G., Ravera, F., van den Brink, T., Argumedo, A., Arida, C., Armenteras, D., Ausseil, A.G., Baptiste, B., Belanger, J., Bingham, K., Bowden-Kerby, A., Cao, M., Carino, J., Van Damme, P.A., Devivo, R., Dickson, F., Dushimumuremyi, J.P., Ferrier, S., Flores-Díaz, A., Foley, M., Garcia Marquez, J., Giraldo-Perez, P., Greenhaigh, S., Hamilton, D.J., Hardison, P., Hicks, G., Hughey, K., Kahui-McConnell, R., Karuri-Sebina, G., De Kock, M., Leadley, P., Lemaitre, F., Maltseva, E., de Mattos Scaramuzza, C.A., Metwally, M., Nelson, W., Ngo, H., Neumann, C., Norrie, C., Perry, J., Quintana, R., Rodriguez Osuna, V.E., Roehrl, C., Seager, J., Sharpe, H., Shortland, T., Shulbaeva, P., Sumaila, U.R., Takahashi, Y., Titeux, N., Tiwari, S., Trisos, C., Ursache, A., Wheatley, A., Wilson, D., Wood, S., van Wyk, E., Yue, T.X., and Zulfikar, D.

Published
2017

3. Enhancing implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity: A novel peer-review mechanism aims to promote accountability and mutual learning

Author

Ulloa, A.M., Jax, Kurt, Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I., Ulloa, A.M., Jax, Kurt, and Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I.

Abstract

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) – the main international environmental agreement (IEA) for securing our planet's life-supporting systems – is far from delivering its commitments: the 2010 Biodiversity Target was not met, and states are already failing to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets by the 2020 deadline. Whilst this is not an uncommon outcome in IEAs and other internationally adopted environmental goals, the important question is: how to transform this situation? Review processes on implementation of international norms are one important means for this, as resulting information has potential to mobilise criticism, praise and/or feedback from peers and civil society organisations. Criticism may in turn put pressure on and/or encourage states to justify their behaviour and to take actions. In this context, beyond normative considerations as a practice of good governance, accountability is conceptualised as an active practice of giving and demanding of reason of conduct with transformative potential. Our starting argument is that review processes that enable account-holding dynamics have potential to promote implementation of IEAs. In order to assess whether the CBD enables such dynamics, we characterise the CBD's review system, and analyse its review mechanisms from the relational perspective of accountability. In particular, we focus on a novel voluntary peer-review mechanism (VPR) that is to be applied in a pilot phase, as requested by the Conference of the Parties at its thirteenth meeting held in December 2016. We then discuss the potential of the VPR to enable transformative accountability dynamics and enhance national implementation in the CBD.

Published
2017

4. Multiscale scenarios for nature futures

Author

Rosa, I.M.D., Pereira, H.M., Ferrier, S., Alkemade, R., Acosta, L.A., Akcakaya, R., den Belder, E., Fazel, A.M., Fujimori, S., Harfoot, M., Harhash, K.A., Harrison, P.A., Hauck, Jennifer, Hendriks, R.J.J., Hernández, G., Jetz, W., Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I., Kim, H.J., King, N., Kok, M.T.J., Kolomytsev, G.O., Lazarova, T., Leadley, P., Lundquist, C.J., García Márquez, J., Meyer, C., Navarro, L.M., Nesshöver, Carsten, Ngo, H.T., Ninan, K.N., Palomo, M.G., Pereira, L.M., Peterson, G.D., Pichs, R., Popp, A., Purvis, A., Ravera, F., Rondinini, C., Sathyapalan, J., Schipper, A.M., Seppelt, Ralf, Settele, Josef, Sitas, N., van Vuuren, D., Rosa, I.M.D., Pereira, H.M., Ferrier, S., Alkemade, R., Acosta, L.A., Akcakaya, R., den Belder, E., Fazel, A.M., Fujimori, S., Harfoot, M., Harhash, K.A., Harrison, P.A., Hauck, Jennifer, Hendriks, R.J.J., Hernández, G., Jetz, W., Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I., Kim, H.J., King, N., Kok, M.T.J., Kolomytsev, G.O., Lazarova, T., Leadley, P., Lundquist, C.J., García Márquez, J., Meyer, C., Navarro, L.M., Nesshöver, Carsten, Ngo, H.T., Ninan, K.N., Palomo, M.G., Pereira, L.M., Peterson, G.D., Pichs, R., Popp, A., Purvis, A., Ravera, F., Rondinini, C., Sathyapalan, J., Schipper, A.M., Seppelt, Ralf, Settele, Josef, Sitas, N., and van Vuuren, D.

Abstract

Targets for human development are increasingly connected with targets for nature, however, existing scenarios do not explicitly address this relationship. Here, we outline a strategy to generate scenarios centred on our relationship with nature to inform decision-making at multiple scales.

Published
2017

5. Coping with the wicked problem of climate adaptation across scales : The Five R Governance Capabilities

Author

Termeer, C.J.A.M., Dewulf, A., Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I., Vink, M., van Vliet, M., Termeer, C.J.A.M., Dewulf, A., Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I., Vink, M., and van Vliet, M.

Abstract

Adapting social-ecological systems to the projected effects of climate change is not only a complex technical matter but above all a demanding governance issue. As climate change has all the characteristics of a wicked problem, conventional strategies of governance do not seem to work. However, most conventional governance institutions are poorly equipped to enable, or at least tolerate, innovative strategies. This paper analyses the various strategies used to cope with the wicked problem of climate adaptation across scales, and the institutional conditions that enable or constrain such strategies. For this, it relies on a theoretical framework consisting of five governance capabilities that are considered crucial for coping with wicked problems: reflexivity, resilience, responsiveness, revitalization and rescaling. This framework is used to analyse the governance of adaptation to climate change at three different levels: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its activities to assist adaptation; the European Union and its climate adaptation strategy; and the Netherlands and its Delta Program. The results show that conventional governance strategies are rather absent and that mixtures of reflexive, resilient, responsive, revitalizing and rescaling strategies were visible at all levels, although not equally well developed and important. In contrast to the literature, we found many examples of enabling institutional conditions. The constraining conditions, which were also present, tend to lead more to postponement than to obstruction of decision-making processes.

Published
2016

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