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According to the newest research human lung microvascular endothelial cells express receptors that respiratory viruses can bind to in order to infect said cells. Furthermore, endothelial cells express PRR receptors, responsible for generation of non specific immune response. Cytokines produced by endothelium besides their immunoprotective capabilities, can also take part in pathologies exacerbating symptoms of chronic diseases such as asthma. There are few scientific reports regarding the potential of endothelial cells to produce inflammatory and antiviral cytokines, as well as PRRs' role in these processes. Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the generation of inflammatory and antiviral responses of endothelial cells in vitro, after stimulation with TLR agonist - poly(I:C). Material and methods Level of mRNA expression was studied for proinflammatory cytokines - IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, as well as for antiviral proteins - IFN-γ, OAS1, PKR. The expression of mRNA was evaluated using Real time PCR. Results Our studies suggest that TLR3 receptor is the key receptor involved in immune mechanisms generated by endothelium. This receptor shows great capability to induce expression of mRNA coding proinflammatory and antiviral proteins. Poly(I:C) in vitro stimulated HMVEC L cells with great effect, mimicking viral infection. Moreover poly(I:C) stimulation led to an increased expression of mRNA for all tested genes. Conclusions Literature data and our research shows, that endothelial cells are well adapted to recognition of viral RNA, resulting in generation of inflammatory and antiviral response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]