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Root canal irrigants plays a key role in reducing the smear layer and microbial load in the root canal system. Smear layer interrupts the penetration of root canal irrigants and acts as a barrier between the root filling and the canal wall, which is a potential path of leakage for bacteria contamination between the 2 surfaces. The root canal irrigant with high antimicrobial efficacy and smear layer removal efficiency is very important to prevent failure of root canal treatment. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has been published to evaluate the effectiveness of Chitosan compared to other irrigants, although a number of in vitro studies had been published. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the smear layer removal efficacy and antimicrobial effectiveness with other commonly employed root canal irrigants.

Grid integration of distributed energy resources has become a technical challenge in the distribution network operation due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and their impact on grid voltage stability. Thus, a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is installed in the distribution network system to reduce such grid voltage impact on sensitive loads. In this article, a pseudo-derivative-feedback (PDF)-based voltage controller is implemented for the effective operation of DVR under voltage disturbances. Response of DVR primarily depends upon its controller action. This article addresses the issues in conventional P and PI multiloop controller with and without feedforward path then proposes PDF control strategy for DVR. Using the proposed controller, dynamic performance of DVR is improved. The efficacy of the proposed controller is illustrated by a comparative study with conventional P and PI controller using time response and relative stability analysis. Finally, PSCAD simulation studies for a 10 kV medium voltage DVR and experimental results using a low voltage laboratory prototype DVR are presented to prove the robustness of proposed controller for DVR under symmetric and asymmetric voltage sags.