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1. Federated Analysis in COINSTAC Reveals Functional Network Connectivity and Spectral Links to Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Nearly 2,000 Adolescent Brains

Author

Gazula, Harshvardhan, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Holla, Bharath, Basodi, Sunitha, Zhang, Zuo, Verner, Eric, Kelly, Ross, Murthy, Pratima, Chakrabarti, Amit, Basu, Debasish, Bhagyalakshmi Nanjayya, Subodh, Lenin Singh, Rajkumar, Lourembam Singh, Roshan, Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Kalyanaraman, Kumaran, Ghattu, Krishnaveni, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Kurpad, Sunita Simon, Barker, Gareth J, Bharath, Rose Dawn, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Purushottam, Meera, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Sharma, Eesha, Hickman, Matthew, Toledano, Mireille, Vaidya, Nilakshi, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillére Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Paus, Tomás, Poustka, Luise, Fröhner, Juliane H., Robinson, Lauren, Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Winterer, Jeanne, Whelan, Robert, Turner, Jessica A., Sarwate, Anand D., Plis, Sergey M., Benegal, Vivek, Schumann, Gunter, and Calhoun, Vince D.

Published
2023
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2. Combining general and central measures of adiposity to identify risk of hypertension: a cross-sectional survey in rural India

Author

Ragavan, Rathina Srinivasa, Ismail, Jordan, Evans, Roger G., Srikanth, Velandai K., Kaye, Matthew, Joshi, Rohina, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R., Chow, Clara K., Riddell, Michaela A., Oldenburg, Brian, Mahal, Ajay, Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Suresh, Oduru, Thomas, Nihal, Mini, Gomathyamma K., Maulik, Pallab K., Arabshahi, Simin, and Thrift, Amanda G.

Published
2023
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3. Growth trajectories for executive and social cognitive abilities in an Indian population sample: Impact of demographic and psychosocial determinants

Author

Sharma, Eesha, Ravi, G.S., Kumar, Keshav, Thennarasu, Kandavel, Heron, Jon, Hickman, Matthew, Vaidya, Nilakshi, Holla, Bharath, Rangaswamy, Madhavi, Mehta, Urvakhsh Meherwan, Krishna, Murali, Chakrabarti, Amit, Basu, Debashish, Nanjayya, Subodh Bhagyalakshmi, Singh, Rajkumar Lenin, Lourembam, Roshan, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Kurpad, Sunita Simon, Kartik, Kamakshi, Kalyanram, Kartik, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Barker, Gareth, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Toledano, Mireille, Purushottam, Meera, Bharath, Rose Dawn, Murthy, Pratima, Jain, Sanjeev, Schumann, Gunter, and Benegal, Vivek

Published
2023
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6. Comparison of the performance of cardiovascular risk prediction tools in rural India: The Rishi Valley Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla, primary, Zengin, Ayse, additional, Evans, Roger G, additional, Joshi, Rohina, additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Danaei, Goodarz, additional, Barr, Elizabeth, additional, Riddell, Michaela A, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Srikanth, Velandai K, additional, Arabshahi, Simin, additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, and Thrift, Amanda G, additional

Published
2023
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7. Risk factors for incident cardiovascular events and their population attributable fractions in rural India: The Rishi Valley Prospective Cohort Study.

Author

Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla, Zengin, Ayse, Joshi, Rohina, Evans, Roger G., Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Riddell, Michaela A., Suresh, Oduru, Srikanth, Velandai K., Arabshahi, Simin, Thomas, Nihal, and Thrift, Amanda G.

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, COHORT analysis, LONGITUDINAL method, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases
Abstract

Objective: We prospectively determined incident cardiovascular events and their association with risk factors in rural India. Methods: We followed up with 7935 adults from the Rishi Valley Prospective Cohort Study to identify incident cardiovascular events. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between potential risk factors and cardiovascular events. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for risk factors were estimated using R ('averisk' package). Results: Of the 4809 participants without prior cardiovascular disease, 57.7% were women and baseline mean age was 45.3 years. At follow‐up (median of 4.9 years, 23,180 person‐years [PYs]), 202 participants developed cardiovascular events, equating to an incidence of 8.7 cardiovascular events/1000 PYs. Incidence was greater in those with hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] 1.73 [1.21–2.49], adjusted PAF 18%), diabetes (1.96 [1.15–3.36], 4%) or central obesity (1.77 [1.23, 2.54], 9%) which together accounted for 31% of the PAF. Non‐traditional risk factors such as night sleeping hours and number of children accounted for 16% of the PAF. Conclusions: Both traditional and non‐traditional cardiovascular risk factors are important contributors to incident cardiovascular events in rural India. Interventions targeted to these factors could assist in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Additive association of knowledge and awareness on control of hypertension: a cross-sectional survey in rural India

Author

Ragavan, Rathina Srinivasa, Joshi, Rohina, Evans, Roger G., Riddell, Michaela A., Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R., Chow, Clara K., Oldenburg, Brian, Mahal, Ajay S., Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Suresh, Oduru, Thomas, Nihal, Mini, Gomathyamma K., Srikanth, Velandai K., Maulik, Pallab K., Alim, Mohammed, Guggilla, Rama K., Busingye, Doreen, and Thrift, Amanda G.

Published
2021
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11. Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in India

Author

Vaidya, Nilakshi, Holla, Bharath, Heron, Jon, Sharma, Eesha, Zhang, Yuning, Fernandes, Gwen, Iyengar, Udita, Spiers, Alex, Yadav, Anupa, Das, Surajit, Roy, Sanjit, Ahuja, Chirag K, Barker, Gareth J, Basu, Debasish, Bharath, Rose Dawn, Hickman, Matthew, Jain, Sanjeev, Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Krishna, Murali, Krishnaveni, Ghattu, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Murthy, Pratima, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Purushottam, Meera, Kurpad, Sunita Simon, Singh, Lenin, Singh, Roshan, Subodh, B N, Toledano, Mireille, Walter, Henrik, Desrivières, Sylvane, Chakrabarti, Amit, Benegal, Vivek, and Schumann, Gunter

Subjects
Male, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Executive Function, Brain Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent, Humans, Brain/pathology, Child, Arsenic
Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Arsenic, a contaminant of groundwater and irrigated crops, is a global public health hazard. Exposure to low levels of arsenic through food extends well beyond the areas with high arsenic content in water.OBJECTIVE: To identify cognitive impairments following commonly prevalent low-level arsenic exposure and characterize their underlying brain mechanisms.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter population-based cohort study analyzed cross-sectional data of the Indian Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA) cohort, recruited between November 4, 2016, and May 4, 2019. Participants aged 6 to 23 years were characterized using deep phenotyping measures of behavior, neuropsychology, psychopathology, brain neuroimaging, and exposure to developmental adversities and environmental neurotoxins. All analyses were performed between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021.EXPOSURE: Arsenic levels were measured in urine as an index of exposure.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Executive function measured using the cVEDA neuropsychological battery, gray matter volume (GMV) from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and functional network connectivity measures from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTS: A total of 1014 participants aged 6 to 23 years (589 male [58.1%]; mean [SD] age, 14.86 [4.79] years) were included from 5 geographic locations. Sparse-partial least squares analysis was used to describe a negative association of arsenic exposure with executive function (r = -0.12 [P = 5.4 × 10-4]), brain structure (r = -0.20 [P = 1.8 × 10-8]), and functional connectivity (within network, r = -0.12 [P = 7.5 × 10-4]; between network, r = -0.23 [P = 1.8 × 10-10]). Alterations in executive function were partially mediated by GMV (b = -0.004 [95% CI, -0.007 to -0.002]) and within-network functional connectivity (b = -0.004 [95% CI, -0.008 to -0.002]). Socioeconomic status and body mass index moderated the association between arsenic and GMV, such that the association was strongest in participants with lower socioeconomic status and body mass index.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that low-level arsenic exposure was associated with alterations in executive functioning and underlying brain correlates. These results indicate potential detrimental consequences of arsenic exposure that are below the currently recommended guidelines and may extend beyond endemic risk areas. Precision medicine approaches to study global mental health vulnerabilities highlight widespread but potentially modifiable risk factors and a mechanistic understanding of the impact of low-level arsenic exposure on brain development.

Published
2023

14. sj-docx-1-chi-10.1177_17423953231153550 - Supplemental material for Morbidity and utilisation of healthcare services among people with cardiometabolic disease in three diverse regions of rural India

Author

Zaman, Sojib Bin, Evans, Roger G, Chow, Clara K, Joshi, Rohina, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R, Oldenburg, Brian, Mahal, Ajay S, Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Riddell, Michaela A, Suresh, Oduru, Thomas, Nihal, Mini, Gomathyamma K, Maulik, Pallab K, Srikanth, Velandai K, and Thrift, Amanda G

Subjects
110203 Respiratory Diseases, 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified, FOS: Clinical medicine, 111702 Aged Health Care, FOS: Health sciences
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-chi-10.1177_17423953231153550 for Morbidity and utilisation of healthcare services among people with cardiometabolic disease in three diverse regions of rural India by Sojib Bin Zaman, Roger G Evans, Clara K Chow, Rohina Joshi, Kavumpurathu R Thankappan, Brian Oldenburg, Ajay S Mahal, Kartik Kalyanram, Kamakshi Kartik, Michaela A Riddell, Oduru Suresh, Nihal Thomas, Gomathyamma K Mini, Pallab K Maulik, Velandai K Srikanth and Amanda G Thrift in Chronic Illness

Published
2023
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16. Risk clustering and psychopathology from a multi-center cohort of Indian children, adolescents, and young adults

Author

Basu, Debasish, primary, Ghosh, Abhishek, additional, Naskar, Chandrima, additional, Balachander, Srinivas, additional, Fernandes, Gwen, additional, Vaidya, Nilakshi, additional, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, additional, Krishna, Murali, additional, Barker, Gareth J., additional, Sharma, Eesha, additional, Murthy, Pratima, additional, Holla, Bharath, additional, Jain, Sanjeev, additional, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Purushottam, Meera, additional, Bharath, Rose Dawn, additional, Varghese, Mathew, additional, Thennarasu, Kandavel, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Singh, Rajkumar Lenin, additional, Singh, Roshan Lourembam, additional, Nanjayya, Subodh Bhagyalakshmi, additional, Ahuja, Chirag Kamal, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Krishnaveni, Ghattu, additional, Kuriyan, Rebecca, additional, Kurpad, Sunita Simon, additional, Desrivieres, Sylvane, additional, Iyengar, Udita, additional, Zhang, Yuning, additional, Hickman, Matthew, additional, Spiers, Alex, additional, Toledano, Mireille, additional, Schumann, Gunter, additional, and Benegal, Vivek, additional

Published
2022
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18. ASHA-Led Community-Based Groups to Support Control of Hypertension in Rural India Are Feasible and Potentially Scalable

Author

Riddell, Michaela A., primary, Mini, G. K., additional, Joshi, Rohina, additional, Thrift, Amanda G., additional, Guggilla, Rama K., additional, Evans, Roger G., additional, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R., additional, Chalmers, Kate, additional, Chow, Clara K., additional, Mahal, Ajay S., additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, Maulik, Pallab K., additional, Srikanth, Velandai K., additional, Arabshahi, Simin, additional, Varma, Ravi P., additional, D'Esposito, Fabrizio, additional, and Oldenburg, Brian, additional

Published
2021
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23. Effectiveness of a scalable group-based education and monitoring program, delivered by health workers, to improve control of hypertension in rural India: A cluster randomised controlled trial

Author

Gamage, Dilan Giguruwa, Riddell, Michaela A, Joshi, Rohina, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R, Chow, Clara K, Oldenburg, Brian, Evans, Roger G, Mahal, Ajay S, Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Suresh, Oduru, Thomas, Nihal, Mini, Gomathyamma K, Maulik, Pallab K, Srikanth, Velandai K, Arabshahi, Simin, Varma, Ravi P, Guggilla, Rama K, D'Esposito, Fabrizio, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Alim, Mohammed, Thrift, Amanda G, Gamage, Dilan Giguruwa, Riddell, Michaela A, Joshi, Rohina, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R, Chow, Clara K, Oldenburg, Brian, Evans, Roger G, Mahal, Ajay S, Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Suresh, Oduru, Thomas, Nihal, Mini, Gomathyamma K, Maulik, Pallab K, Srikanth, Velandai K, Arabshahi, Simin, Varma, Ravi P, Guggilla, Rama K, D'Esposito, Fabrizio, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Alim, Mohammed, and Thrift, Amanda G

Abstract

New methods are required to manage hypertension in resource-poor settings. We hypothesised that a community health worker (CHW)-led group-based education and monitoring intervention would improve control of blood pressure (BP). We conducted a baseline community-based survey followed by a cluster randomised controlled trial of people with hypertension in 3 rural regions of South India, each at differing stages of epidemiological transition. Participants with hypertension, defined as BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication, were advised to visit a doctor. In each region, villages were randomly assigned to intervention or usual care (UC) in a 1:2 ratio. In intervention clusters, trained CHWs delivered a group-based intervention to people with hypertension. The program, conducted fortnightly for 3 months, included monitoring of BP, education about hypertension, and support for healthy lifestyle change. Outcomes were assessed approximately 2 months after completion of the intervention. The primary outcome was control of BP (BP < 140/90 mm Hg), analysed using mixed effects regression, clustered by village within region and adjusted for baseline control of hypertension (using intention-to-treat principles). Of 2,382 potentially eligible people, 637 from 5 intervention clusters and 1,097 from 10 UC clusters were recruited between November 2015 and April 2016, with follow-up occurring in 459 in the intervention group and 1,012 in UC. Mean age was 56.9 years (SD 13.7). Baseline BP was similar between groups. Control of BP improved from baseline to follow-up more in the intervention group (from 227 [49.5%] to 320 [69.7%] individuals) than in the UC group (from 528 [52.2%] to 624 [61.7%] individuals) (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1; P = 0.001). In secondary outcome analyses, there was a greater decline in systolic BP in the intervention than UC group (-5.0 mm Hg, 95% CI -7.1 to -3.0; P < 0.001) and a greater decline in diastolic BP (-2.1 mm Hg, 95% CI -3.6

Published
2020

24. A Neurocognitive Investigation of Low-Level Arsenic Exposure Reveals Impaired Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies

Author

Vaidya, Nilakshi, primary, Holla, Bharath, additional, Heron, Jon, additional, Sharma, Eesha, additional, Zhang, Yuning, additional, Fernandes, Gwen, additional, Iyengar, Udita, additional, Spiers, Alex, additional, Yadav, Anupa, additional, Das, Surajit, additional, Roy, Sanjit, additional, Ahuja, Chirag Kamal, additional, Berker, Gareth J., additional, Basu, Debasish, additional, Bharath, Rose Dawn, additional, Hickman, Matthew, additional, Jain, Sanjeev, additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Krishna, Murali, additional, Krishnaveni, GV, additional, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, additional, Kuriyan, Rebecca, additional, Murthy, Pratima, additional, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, additional, Purushottam, Meera, additional, Kurpad, Sunita Simon, additional, Singh, Lenin, additional, Singh, Roshan, additional, Subodh, B. N., additional, Toledano, Mireille B., additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Desrivières, Sylvane, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Benegal, Vivek, additional, Schumann, Gunter, additional, and Consortium, cVEDA, additional

Published
2021
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25. Additive association of knowledge and awareness on control of hypertension: a cross-sectional survey in rural India

Author

Ragavan, Rathina Srinivasa, primary, Joshi, Rohina, additional, Evans, Roger G., additional, Riddell, Michaela A., additional, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R., additional, Chow, Clara K., additional, Oldenburg, Brian, additional, Mahal, Ajay S., additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, Mini, Gomathyamma K., additional, Srikanth, Velandai K., additional, Maulik, Pallab K., additional, Alim, Mohammed, additional, Guggilla, Rama K., additional, Busingye, Doreen, additional, and Thrift, Amanda G., additional

Published
2020
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26. Hypertension in Rural India: The Contribution of Socioeconomic Position

Author

Thrift, Amanda G., primary, Ragavan, Rathina Srinivasa, additional, Riddell, Michaela A., additional, Joshi, Rohina, additional, Thankappan, K. R., additional, Chow, Clara, additional, Oldenburg, Brian, additional, Mahal, Ajay S., additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Mini, G. K., additional, Ismail, Jordan, additional, Gamage, Dilan Giguruwa, additional, Hasan, Aniqa, additional, Srikanth, Velandai K., additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, Maulik, Pallab K., additional, Guggilla, Rama K., additional, and Evans, Roger G., additional

Published
2020
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27. Effectiveness of a scalable group-based education and monitoring program, delivered by health workers, to improve control of hypertension in rural India: A cluster randomised controlled trial

Author

Gamage, Dilan Giguruwa, primary, Riddell, Michaela A., additional, Joshi, Rohina, additional, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R., additional, Chow, Clara K., additional, Oldenburg, Brian, additional, Evans, Roger G., additional, Mahal, Ajay S., additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, Mini, Gomathyamma K., additional, Maulik, Pallab K., additional, Srikanth, Velandai K., additional, Arabshahi, Simin, additional, Varma, Ravi P., additional, Guggilla, Rama K., additional, D’Esposito, Fabrizio, additional, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, additional, Alim, Mohammed, additional, and Thrift, Amanda G., additional

Published
2020
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29. Knowledge of risk factors for hypertension in a rural Indian population

Author

Busingye, Doreen, primary, Arabshahi, Simin, additional, Evans, Roger G, additional, Riddell, Michaela A, additional, Srikanth, Velandai K, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Zhu, Xuan, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Howard, George, additional, and Thrift, Amanda G, additional

Published
2019
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30. Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA): A developmental cohort study protocol.

Author

Sharma, Eesha, Jacob, Preeti, Murthy, Pratima, Jain, Sanjeev, Varghese, Mathew, Jayarajan, Deepak, Kumar, Keshav, Benegal, Vivek, Vaidya, Nilakshi, Zhang, Yuning, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Schumann, Gunter, Iyengar, Udita, Holla, Bharath, Purushottam, Meera, Chakrabarti, Amit, Fernandes, Gwen Sascha, Heron, Jon, Hickman, Matthew, and Kartik, Kamakshi

Subjects
MENTAL health services, COHORT analysis, ADDICTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, TERTIARY care
Abstract

Background: Low and middle-income countries like India with a large youth population experience a different environment from that of high-income countries. The Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA), based in India, aims to examine environmental influences on genomic variations, neurodevelopmental trajectories and vulnerability to psychopathology, with a focus on externalizing disorders. Methods: cVEDA is a longitudinal cohort study, with planned missingness design for yearly follow-up. Participants have been recruited from multi-site tertiary care mental health settings, local communities, schools and colleges. 10,000 individuals between 6 and 23 years of age, of all genders, representing five geographically, ethnically, and socio-culturally distinct regions in India, and exposures to variations in early life adversity (psychosocial, nutritional, toxic exposures, slum-habitats, socio-political conflicts, urban/rural living, mental illness in the family) have been assessed using age-appropriate instruments to capture socio-demographic information, temperament, environmental exposures, parenting, psychiatric morbidity, and neuropsychological functioning. Blood/saliva and urine samples have been collected for genetic, epigenetic and toxicological (heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) studies. Structural (T1, T2, DTI) and functional (resting state fMRI) MRI brain scans have been performed on approximately 15% of the individuals. All data and biological samples are maintained in a databank and biobank, respectively. Discussion: The cVEDA has established the largest neurodevelopmental database in India, comparable to global datasets, with detailed environmental characterization. This should permit identification of environmental and genetic vulnerabilities to psychopathology within a developmental framework. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological data from this study are already yielding insights on brain growth and maturation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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31. The Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (c-VEDA): an accelerated longitudinal cohort of children and adolescents in India

Author

Zhang, Yuning, Vaidya, Nilakshi, Iyengar, Udita, Sharma, Eesha, Holla, Bharath, Ahuja, Chirag K., Barker, Gareth J., Basu, Debasish, Bharath, Rose Dawn, Chakrabarti, Amit, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Elliott, Paul, Fernandes, Gwen, Gourisankar, Amritha, Heron, Jon, Hickman, Matthew, Jacob, Preeti, Jain, Sanjeev, Jayarajan, Deepak, Kalyanram, Kartik, Kartik, Kamakshi, Krishna, Murali, Krishnaveni, Ghattu, Kumar, Keshav, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Murthy, Pratima, Orfanos, Dimitri P., Purushottam, Meera, Rangaswamy, Madhavi, Kupard, Sunita Simon, Singh, Lenin, Singh, Roshan, Subodh, B. N., Thennarasu, Kandavel, Toledano, Mireille, Varghese, Mathew, Benegal, Vivek, and Schumann, Gunter

Abstract

The global burden of disease attributable to externalizing disorders such as alcohol misuse calls urgently for effective prevention and intervention. As our current knowledge is mainly derived from high-income countries such in Europe and North-America, it is difficult to address the wider socio-cultural, psychosocial context, and genetic factors in which risk and resilience are embedded in low- and medium-income countries. c-VEDA was established as the first and largest India-based multi-site cohort investigating the vulnerabilities for the development of externalizing disorders, addictions, and other mental health problems. Using a harmonised data collection plan coordinated with multiple cohorts in China, USA, and Europe, baseline data were collected from seven study sites between November 2016 and May 2019. Nine thousand and ten participants between the ages of 6 and 23 were assessed during this time, amongst which 1278 participants underwent more intensive assessments including MRI scans. Both waves of follow-ups have started according to the accelerated cohort structure with planned missingness design. Here, we present descriptive statistics on several key domains of assessments, and the full baseline dataset will be made accessible for researchers outside the consortium in September 2019. More details can be found on our website [cveda.org].

Published
2020
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32. Cluster randomised feasibility trial to improve the Control of Hypertension In Rural India (CHIRI): a study protocol

Author

Riddell, Michaela A, primary, Joshi, Rohina, additional, Oldenburg, Brian, additional, Chow, Clara, additional, Thankappan, K R, additional, Mahal, Ajay, additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, Srikanth, Velandai K, additional, Evans, Roger G, additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, Arabshahi, Simin, additional, Varma, R P, additional, Guggilla, Rama K, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Mini, G K, additional, D'Esposito, Fabrizio, additional, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, additional, Alim, Mohammed, additional, and Thrift, Amanda G, additional

Published
2016
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35. PS 06-09 SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADIPOSITY AND HYPERTENSION IN A DISADVANTAGED RURAL INDIAN POPULATION

Author

Thrift, Amanda G, primary, Arabshahi, Simin, additional, Srikanth, Velandai K, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Subasinghe, Asvini K, additional, Busingye, Doreen, additional, Kaye, Matthew, additional, Riddell, Michaela A, additional, and Evans, Roger G, additional

Published
2016
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36. PS 06-06 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND HYPERTENSION IN A RURAL, DISADVANTAGED INDIAN POPULATION IS DIFFERENT FOR MEN AND WOMEN

Author

Busingye, Doreen, primary, Evans, Roger G, additional, Arabshahi, Simin, additional, Riddell, Michaela A, additional, Srikanth, Velandai K, additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Zhu, Xuan, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Subasinghe, Asvini K, additional, and Thrift, Amanda G, additional

Published
2016
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37. PS 15-17 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN RURAL INDIA IS EVEN POOR IN PEOPLE AWARE OF THEIR HYPERTENSIVE STATUS

Author

Busingye, Doreen, primary, Arabshahi, Simin, additional, Evans, Roger G, additional, Riddell, Michaela A, additional, Srikanth, Velandai K, additional, Kartik, Kamakshi, additional, Kalyanram, Kartik, additional, Zhu, Xuan, additional, Suresh, Oduru, additional, Howard, George, additional, and Thrift, Amanda G, additional

Published
2016
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42. Renal and dietary factors associated with hypertension in a setting of disadvantage in rural India

Author

Isaac Curkpatrick, Matthew Kaye, Oduru Suresh, Kamakshi Kartik, Simin Arabshahi, Kerin O'Dea, Karen Z. Walker, Amanda G. Thrift, Asvini K Subasinghe, Roger G. Evans, Jun Yang, Nihal Thomas, Kartik Kalyanram, Velandai Srikanth, Geethanjali Arulappan, Doreen Busingye, Evans, Roger G, Subasinghe, Asvini K, Busingye, Doreen, Srikanth, Velandai K, Kartik, Kamakshi, Kalyanram, Kartik, Suresh, Oduru, Arabshahi, Simin, Curkpatrick, Isaac, O'Dea, Kerin, Walker, Karen Z, Kaye, Matthew, Yang, Jun, Thomas, Nihal, Arulappan, Geethanjali, and Thrift, Amanda G

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, hypertension, Anemia, India, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Plasma renin activity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Total iron-binding capacity, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Ferritin, Endocrinology, Pathophysiology of hypertension, biology.protein, Serum iron, business, dietary factors, Body mass index
Abstract

Using a case-control design, we determined risk factors associated with hypertension in a disadvantaged rural population in southern India. Three hundred adults with hypertension and 300 age- and sex-matched controls were extensively phenotyped. Underweight (29%, body mass index < 18.0 kg m−2), chronic kidney disease (25%, estimated glomerular filtration rate

Published
2021

43. Childhood adversities characterize the heterogeneity in the brain pattern of individuals during neurodevelopment.

Author

Kashyap R, Holla B, Bhattacharjee S, Sharma E, Mehta UM, Vaidya N, Bharath RD, Murthy P, Basu D, Nanjayya SB, Singh RL, Lourembam R, Chakrabarti A, Kartik K, Kalyanram K, Kumaran K, Krishnaveni G, Krishna M, Kuriyan R, Kurpad SS, Desrivieres S, Purushottam M, Barker G, Orfanos DP, Hickman M, Heron J, Toledano M, Schumann G, and Benegal V

Subjects
Humans, Child, Adolescent, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Default Mode Network diagnostic imaging, Default Mode Network physiopathology, Cohort Studies, Neurodevelopmental Disorders diagnostic imaging, Neurodevelopmental Disorders physiopathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain growth & development, Brain physiopathology, Adverse Childhood Experiences
Abstract

Background: Several factors shape the neurodevelopmental trajectory. A key area of focus in neurodevelopmental research is to estimate the factors that have maximal influence on the brain and can tip the balance from typical to atypical development., Methods: Utilizing a dissimilarity maximization algorithm on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the resting state functional MRI data, we classified subjects from the cVEDA neurodevelopmental cohort ( n = 987, aged 6-23 years) into homogeneously patterned DMD (representing typical development in 809 subjects) and heterogeneously patterned DMD (indicative of atypical development in 178 subjects)., Results: Significant DMD differences were primarily identified in the default mode network (DMN) regions across these groups ( p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). While the groups were comparable in cognitive performance, the atypical group had more frequent exposure to adversities and faced higher abuses ( p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Upon evaluating brain-behavior correlations, we found that correlation patterns between adversity and DMN dynamic modes exhibited age-dependent variations for atypical subjects, hinting at differential utilization of the DMN due to chronic adversities., Conclusion: Adversities (particularly abuse) maximally influence the DMN during neurodevelopment and lead to the failure in the development of a coherent DMN system. While DMN's integrity is preserved in typical development, the age-dependent variability in atypically developing individuals is contrasting. The flexibility of DMN might be a compensatory mechanism to protect an individual in an abusive environment. However, such adaptability might deprive the neural system of the faculties of normal functioning and may incur long-term effects on the psyche.

Published
2024
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44. Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in India.

Author

Vaidya N, Holla B, Heron J, Sharma E, Zhang Y, Fernandes G, Iyengar U, Spiers A, Yadav A, Das S, Roy S, Ahuja CK, Barker GJ, Basu D, Bharath RD, Hickman M, Jain S, Kalyanram K, Kartik K, Krishna M, Krishnaveni G, Kumaran K, Kuriyan R, Murthy P, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Purushottam M, Kurpad SS, Singh L, Singh R, Subodh BN, Toledano M, Walter H, Desrivières S, Chakrabarti A, Benegal V, and Schumann G

Subjects
Humans, Male, Child, Adolescent, Young Adult, Executive Function, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cohort Studies, Brain pathology, Arsenic, Brain Diseases
Abstract

Importance: Arsenic, a contaminant of groundwater and irrigated crops, is a global public health hazard. Exposure to low levels of arsenic through food extends well beyond the areas with high arsenic content in water., Objective: To identify cognitive impairments following commonly prevalent low-level arsenic exposure and characterize their underlying brain mechanisms., Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter population-based cohort study analyzed cross-sectional data of the Indian Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA) cohort, recruited between November 4, 2016, and May 4, 2019. Participants aged 6 to 23 years were characterized using deep phenotyping measures of behavior, neuropsychology, psychopathology, brain neuroimaging, and exposure to developmental adversities and environmental neurotoxins. All analyses were performed between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021., Exposure: Arsenic levels were measured in urine as an index of exposure., Main Outcomes and Measures: Executive function measured using the cVEDA neuropsychological battery, gray matter volume (GMV) from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and functional network connectivity measures from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging., Results: A total of 1014 participants aged 6 to 23 years (589 male [58.1%]; mean [SD] age, 14.86 [4.79] years) were included from 5 geographic locations. Sparse-partial least squares analysis was used to describe a negative association of arsenic exposure with executive function (r = -0.12 [P = 5.4 × 10-4]), brain structure (r = -0.20 [P = 1.8 × 10-8]), and functional connectivity (within network, r = -0.12 [P = 7.5 × 10-4]; between network, r = -0.23 [P = 1.8 × 10-10]). Alterations in executive function were partially mediated by GMV (b = -0.004 [95% CI, -0.007 to -0.002]) and within-network functional connectivity (b = -0.004 [95% CI, -0.008 to -0.002]). Socioeconomic status and body mass index moderated the association between arsenic and GMV, such that the association was strongest in participants with lower socioeconomic status and body mass index., Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that low-level arsenic exposure was associated with alterations in executive functioning and underlying brain correlates. These results indicate potential detrimental consequences of arsenic exposure that are below the currently recommended guidelines and may extend beyond endemic risk areas. Precision medicine approaches to study global mental health vulnerabilities highlight widespread but potentially modifiable risk factors and a mechanistic understanding of the impact of low-level arsenic exposure on brain development.

Published
2023
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45. Risk clustering and psychopathology from a multi-center cohort of Indian children, adolescents, and young adults.

Author

Basu D, Ghosh A, Naskar C, Balachander S, Fernandes G, Vaidya N, Kumaran K, Krishna M, Barker GJ, Sharma E, Murthy P, Holla B, Jain S, Orfanos DP, Kalyanram K, Purushottam M, Bharath RD, Varghese M, Thennarasu K, Chakrabarti A, Singh RL, Singh RL, Nanjayya SB, Ahuja CK, Kartik K, Krishnaveni G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad SS, Desrivieres S, Iyengar U, Zhang Y, Hickman M, Spiers A, Toledano M, Schumann G, and Benegal V

Subjects
Infant, Newborn, Humans, Child, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Pregnancy, Mental Health, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psychopathology, Mental Disorders psychology
Abstract

Developmental adversities early in life are associated with later psychopathology. Clustering may be a useful approach to group multiple diverse risks together and study their relation with psychopathology. To generate risk clusters of children, adolescents, and young adults, based on adverse environmental exposure and developmental characteristics, and to examine the association of risk clusters with manifest psychopathology. Participants (n = 8300) between 6 and 23 years were recruited from seven sites in India. We administered questionnaires to elicit history of previous exposure to adverse childhood environments, family history of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives, and a range of antenatal and postnatal adversities. We used these variables to generate risk clusters. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-5 was administered to evaluate manifest psychopathology. Two-step cluster analysis revealed two clusters designated as high-risk cluster (HRC) and low-risk cluster (LRC), comprising 4197 (50.5%) and 4103 (49.5%) participants, respectively. HRC had higher frequencies of family history of mental illness, antenatal and neonatal risk factors, developmental delays, history of migration, and exposure to adverse childhood experiences than LRC. There were significantly higher risks of any psychiatric disorder [Relative Risk (RR) = 2.0, 95% CI 1.8-2.3], externalizing (RR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.6-6.4) and internalizing disorders (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.2-2.9), and suicidality (2.3, 95% CI 1.8-2.8) in HRC. Social-environmental and developmental factors could classify Indian children, adolescents and young adults into homogeneous clusters at high or low risk of psychopathology. These biopsychosocial determinants of mental health may have practice, policy and research implications for people in low- and middle-income countries.

Published
2023
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