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We studied the relationships between the planktonic food base and feeding patterns of juvenile mid‐summer/early autumn Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L., a common predatory freshwater fish in large parts of Europe and Asia. The feeding of 0+ perch was studied during summer and autumn in littoral habitats of seven lakes with different environmental conditions – four Latvian (Auciema, Riebinu, Vārzgūnes, Laukezers) and three Estonian (Kaiavere, Prossa and Akste) lakes. Simultaneously, the abundance, biomass and structure of zooplankton communities were examined. We focused on the littoral areas because many studies in lakes suggest that littoral habitats are particularly important for 0+ fish growth and survival. We were interested in the question: can the diet and growth of 0+ perch be explained by zooplankton community structure? We also presumed that if the amount of zooplankton is low, more benthic invertebrates will be consumed by 0+ perch. Opposite to expectations, we found that zooplankton always counted for over 90% of diet biomass in perch. There were also clear correlations between the zooplankton biomass in a given lake, the zooplankton biomass in 0+ perch stomachs, and the fish growth rate. The study also suggested that nutrient enrichment can positively impact the 0+ perch feeding conditions in lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eurasian perch has a great ecological importance in freshwaters as it is often a dominating predatory fish in ecosystems. The knowledge of perch feeding patterns, strategies, and adaptivity to food environment in their early life stages is essential to understand its population development and dynamics. It has been demonstrated that there exists a positive relationships between preferred prey availability and larval feeding success. We examined the diet of larval perch in their natural habitats of different zooplankton assemblages in three small lakes with varying ecological status. In each lake, both pelagial and littoral were studied. We found significant relation between zooplankton biomass in the lake and zooplankton biomass consumed by fish larvae. The most important food objects were crustaceans (Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus). Ciliates were consumed only in one lake. Our results show that perch larvae are flexible in their choice of food and can adapt to different food environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the feeding of European perch Perca fluviatilis L. larvae in littoral and pelagic habitats of four different lakes – one Latvian (Auciema) and three Estonian (Akste, Kaiavere, and Prossa). Altogether, 162 perch larvae (81 from both habitats) were collected to estimate the diet composition of gathered larval specimens in spring (2019) using gut content analysis via epifluorescence microscopy. Attention was paid particularly to the question how does the larval perch food composition differ in pelagic and littoral habitats. We hypothesized that the consumption of zooplankton is higher and the larval condition is better in littoral habitats. We assessed the feeding on both protozoo- (ciliates) and metazooplankton and applied multiple indices (Hurlbert’s standardized niche breadth, Ivlev’s selectivity and relative importance index) to evaluate, respectively, the larval fish prey importance, feeding homogeneity and strategies. The results showed that larval length and weight were slightly higher and body condition was slightly better in the lakes’ littoral habitats. The feeding niche of perch larvae was narrower in the littoral, which can indicate more favourable feeding conditions in littoral than lake pelagic habitats. While the small cladocerans (Bosmina longirostris Müller) were generally the preferred and important food objects, ciliates were avoided and consumed only when their share in the total zooplankton biomass was >40%. However, in shortage of cladocerans, ciliates could be vitally important food objects for perch larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. As grazers on picoplankton and nanoplankton, planktonic ciliates form an important link in pelagic food webs. Ciliate communities may be controlled by predation by metazooplankton. In eutrophic systems, however, where the number of large crustaceans is often low, the mechanisms that regulate ciliate dynamics have rarely been described. 2. We conducted an enclosure experiment with natural and screened (145 μm) summer plankton communities to investigate the effect of the small-sized crustacean zooplankton on ciliate community structure and the microbial loop in a shallow eutrophic lake. 3. The removal of the larger fraction of crustaceans initiated a decrease in total ciliate abundance. At the community level, we observed a substantial increase in large-sized predacious ciliates (>100 μm) and a simultaneous decrease in the abundance of smaller ciliates (<20-40 μm) that were mostly bacterivores and bacterio-herbivores. The compositional shift in the ciliate community, however, did not cascade down to the level of bacteria and edible phytoplankton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]