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1. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV-1 co-infections in Ethiopia: Implications for disease burden and intervention strategies

Author

Bezabeh, Asmamaw, Berhe, Rezene, Medhin, Girmay, Taddesse, Gizachew, Bane, Abate, Redae, Berhane, Zealiyas, Kidist, Gelibo, Terefe, Challa, Feyissa, Belay, Yohannes, Kassa, Desta, Bekele, Abebe, Gebremicael, Gebremedhin, Girma, Mulu, Getaneh, Yimam, Kidane, Eleni, Chalchisa, Dinkinesh, Adane, Sisay, Abdella, Saro, Tollera, Getachew, Hailu, Messay, Weldemariam, Atsbeha Gebreegziabxier, Lin, Su-I, Li, Wei-You, Wolday, Dawit, Yang, Ming-Hui, Alemu, Yibeltal Assefa, Sarusi, Deborah, Maayan, Shlomo, Chen, Yi-Ming Arthur, Chuang, Kuo-Pin, Tyan, Yu-Chang, and Dai, Chia-Yen

Published
2024
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4. Adapting strategies for effective and efficient pediatric HIV case finding in low prevalence countries: risk screening tool for testing children presenting at high-risk entry points in Ethiopia

Author

Teferi, Wondimu, Gutreuter, Steve, Bekele, Alemayehu, Ahmed, Jelaludin, Ayalew, Jemal, Gross, Jessica, Kumsa, Hanna, Antefe, Tenagnework, Mengistu, Semegnew, Mirkovic, Kelsey, Dziuban, Eric J., Ross, Christine, Belay, Zena, Tilahun, Tsegaye, Kassa, Desta, and Hrapcak, Susan

Published
2022
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6. Rates of confirmatory HIV testing, linkage to HIV services, and rapid initiation of antiretroviral treatment among newly diagnosed children living with HIV in Ethiopia: perspectives from caregivers and healthcare workers

Author

Bekele, Alemayehu, Hrapcak, Susan, Mohammed, Jelaludin Ahmed, Yimam, Jemal Ayalew, Tilahun, Tsegaye, Antefe, Tenagnework, Kumssa, Hanna, Kassa, Desta, Mengistu, Semegnew, Mirkovic, Kelsey, Dziuban, Eric J., Belay, Zena, Ross, Christine, and Teferi, Wondimu

Published
2022
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7. Concurrent evaluation of cytokines improves the accuracy of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis

Author

Walzl, Gerhard, Chegou, Novel N., Kriel, Magdalena, van der Spuy, Gian, Loxton, Andre G., Stanley, Kim, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Kriel, Belinda, Sutherland, Jayne S., Owolabi, Olumuyiwa, Sillah, Abdou, Mendy, Joseph, Gindeh, Awa, Donkor, Simon, Togun, Toyin, Ota, Martin, Crampin, Amelia C., Simukonda, Felanji, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Chilongo, Femia, Houben, Rein, Kassa, Desta, Gebrezgeabher, Atsbeha, Mesfin, Getnet, Belay, Yohannes, Gebremichael, Gebremedhin, Alemayehu, Yodit, van der Vyver, Marieta, Amutenya, Faustina N., Nelongo, Josefina N., Monye, Lidia, Sheehama, Jacob A., Iipinge, Scholastica, Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet, Namuganga, Anna Ritah, Muzanye, Grace, Nsereko, Mary, Peters, Pierre, Howe, Rawleigh, Mihret, Adane, Bekele, Yonas, Tessema, Bamlak, Yamuah, Lawrence, Ottenhoff, Tom H.M., Geluk, Annemieke, Franken, Kees, van der Ploeg-van Schip, Jolien J., Corstjens, Paul L.A.M., Tjon Kon Fat, Elisa M., de Dood, Claudia J., Rosenkrands, Ida, Aagaard, Claus, Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., Esterhuyse, Maria M., Cliff, Jacqueline M., Dockrell, Hazel M., Jacobs, Ruschca, Awoniyi, Dolapo O., Baumann, Ralf, McAnda, Shirley, Kaempfer, Susanne, and Singh, Mahavir

Published
2022
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15. Multi-center evaluation of a user-friendly lateral flow assay to determine IP-10 and CCL4 levels in blood of TB and non-TB cases in Africa

Author

Corstjens, Paul L.A.M., Tjon Kon Fat, Elisa M., de Dood, Claudia J., van der Ploeg-van Schip, Jolien J., Franken, Kees L.M.C., Chegou, Novel N., Sutherland, Jayne S., Howe, Rawleigh, Mihret, Adane, Kassa, Desta, van der Vyver, Marieta, Sheehama, Jacob, Simukonda, Felanji, Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet, Ottenhoff, Tom H.M., Walzl, Gerhard, and Geluk, Annemieke

Published
2016
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17. Rates of confirmatory HIV testing, linkage to HIV services, and rapid initiation of antiretroviral treatment among newly diagnosed children living with HIV in Ethiopia: perspectives from caregivers and healthcare workers

Author

Bekele, Alemayehu, primary, Hrapcak, Susan, additional, Mohammed, Jelaludin Ahmed, additional, Yimer, Jemal Ayalew, additional, Tilahun, Tsegaye, additional, Antefe, Tenagnework, additional, Kumssa, Hanna, additional, Kassa, Desta, additional, Mengistu, Semegnew, additional, Mirkovic, Kelsey, additional, Dziuban, Eric J., additional, Belay, Zena, additional, Ross, Christine, additional, and Teferi, Wondimu, additional

Published
2022
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20. Concurrent evaluation of cytokines improves the accuracy of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis

Author

Jacobs, Ruschca, primary, Awoniyi, Dolapo O., additional, Baumann, Ralf, additional, Stanley, Kim, additional, McAnda, Shirley, additional, Kaempfer, Susanne, additional, Malherbe, Stephanus T., additional, Singh, Mahavir, additional, Walzl, Gerhard, additional, Chegou, Novel N., additional, Kriel, Magdalena, additional, van der Spuy, Gian, additional, Loxton, Andre G., additional, Kriel, Belinda, additional, Sutherland, Jayne S., additional, Owolabi, Olumuyiwa, additional, Sillah, Abdou, additional, Mendy, Joseph, additional, Gindeh, Awa, additional, Donkor, Simon, additional, Togun, Toyin, additional, Ota, Martin, additional, Crampin, Amelia C., additional, Simukonda, Felanji, additional, Amberbir, Alemayehu, additional, Chilongo, Femia, additional, Houben, Rein, additional, Kassa, Desta, additional, Gebrezgeabher, Atsbeha, additional, Mesfin, Getnet, additional, Belay, Yohannes, additional, Gebremichael, Gebremedhin, additional, Alemayehu, Yodit, additional, van der Vyver, Marieta, additional, Amutenya, Faustina N., additional, Nelongo, Josefina N., additional, Monye, Lidia, additional, Sheehama, Jacob A., additional, Iipinge, Scholastica, additional, Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet, additional, Namuganga, Anna Ritah, additional, Muzanye, Grace, additional, Nsereko, Mary, additional, Peters, Pierre, additional, Howe, Rawleigh, additional, Mihret, Adane, additional, Bekele, Yonas, additional, Tessema, Bamlak, additional, Yamuah, Lawrence, additional, Ottenhoff, Tom H.M., additional, Geluk, Annemieke, additional, Franken, Kees, additional, van der Ploeg-van Schip, Jolien J., additional, Corstjens, Paul L.A.M., additional, Tjon Kon Fat, Elisa M., additional, de Dood, Claudia J., additional, Rosenkrands, Ida, additional, Aagaard, Claus, additional, Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., additional, Esterhuyse, Maria M., additional, Cliff, Jacqueline M., additional, and Dockrell, Hazel M., additional

Published
2022
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22. Trends of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes of Notified Cases in Three Refugee Camps in Sudan: A Four-year Retrospective Analysis, 2014–2017

Author

Legesse, Tsegay, primary, Elduma, Mohammed Hussein, additional, Awad, Nagi Masoud, additional, Elhag, Mousab Siddig, additional, Abushama, Israa, additional, Mustafa, Hamdan, additional, Hahim, Kabashi, additional, Mahmoed, Hassan, additional, Mohamed, Yassen, additional, Dafalla, Ahmed E., additional, Alwan, Fathia, additional, and Kassa, Desta, additional

Published
2021
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26. Tuberculosis (TB) in the refugee camps in Ethiopia: Trends of case notification, profile, and treatment outcomes, 2014 to 2017

Author

Legesse, Tsegay, primary, Admenur, Goitom, additional, Gebregzabher, Selemawit, additional, Woldegebriel, Eyob, additional, Fantahun, Bexabeh, additional, Tsegay, Yemane, additional, Bayssa, Abeyot, additional, Darge, Berihu, additional, Denbu, Yidnekachew, additional, Michalel, Hayelom, additional, Abera, Kibebew, additional, Alemayeh, Abraham, additional, Kebede, Dejene, additional, and Kassa, Desta, additional

Published
2020
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27. Analysis of Tuberculosis Cases Notification and Treatment Outcomes Among Refugee Camps In Kenya: Four Year Retrospective Study, 2014-2017

Author

Legesse, Tsegay, primary, Mulesh, Stephen, additional, Anjuri, Dorothy, additional, Ngure, Miriam, additional, Chiari, Salad, additional, Chepkwong, Fredrick, additional, Okemwa, Job, additional, Diney, Adbirushid, additional, Frah, Abdillah, additional, Alwan, Fathia, additional, and Kassa, Desta, additional

Published
2020
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28. Gene expression profiles classifying clinical stages of tuberculosis and monitoring treatment responses in Ethiopian HIV-negative and HIV-positive cohorts

Author

Gebremicael, Gebremedhin, primary, Kassa, Desta, additional, Alemayehu, Yodit, additional, Gebreegziaxier, Atsbeha, additional, Kassahun, Yonas, additional, van Baarle, Debbie, additional, H. M. Ottenhoff, Tom, additional, M. Cliff, Jacqueline, additional, and C. Haks, Mariëlle, additional

Published
2019
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29. The serum concentration of vitamin B12 as a biomarker of therapeutic response in tuberculosis patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Author

Gebremicael, Gebremedhin, Alemayehu, Mihret, Sileshi, Meron, Geto, Zeleke, Gebreegziabxier, Atsbeha, Tefera, Hulumtaye, Ashenafi, Nigat, Tadese, Chere, Wolde, Mistire, and Kassa, Desta

Subjects
Vitamin B12, anti-TB treatment, biomarker of diagnostic, International Journal of General Medicine, vitamin A, Original Research, retinol
Abstract

Background Prior to clinical trials of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs or therapeutic vaccines, it is necessary to develop monitoring tools to predict treatment outcomes in TB patients. Methods Micronutrients concentration level was determined from a total of 262 study participants with five clinical groups: 57 TB patients coinfected with HIV (HIV+TB+), 87 active TB Patients (TB cases), 71 HIV infected without active and latent TB infection (HIV+TST-), 22 latent TB infection (TST+) and 25 healthy controls (TST-). Vitamin A concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), whereas iron and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured using Cobas® 6000 analyzer. Result The serum concentration levels of iron, vitamin A and vitamin B12 had a significant difference between active TB and latent (LTBI) or healthy controls. Six months after treatment, the serum concentration levels of vitamin A, vitamin B12 and iron in tuberculosis became indistinguishable from the levels of LTBIs and healthy control individuals. The concentration levels of iron and vitamin B12 in HIV+TB+patients at the end of TB treatment were normalized to the levels observed in healthy controls (TST–) regardless of HAART treatment. However, the concentration level of vitamin A in HIV+TB+patients HAART untreated at the end of TB treatment was not normalized to the levels observed in healthy controls (TST–) or HAART untreated HIV+TST–. Conclusion Detecting serum concentration levels of vitamin B12 and vitamin A might be used as a biomarker of the diagnostic method of active TB regardless of HIV-infected individuals. Moreover, detecting serum concentration of vitamin B12 might also be used for TB treatment responses monitoring biomarker in TB-HIV-co-infected individuals regardless of HAART (in)eligibility and therapy., Video abstract Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/_5I6Epu0ko0

Published
2019

30. Prevalence of HIV and other infections and injection behaviours among people who inject drugs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Author

Demissie, Minilik, Johnston, Lisa G., Muleta, Mekonnen, Desyebelew, Dires, Belete, Wudinesh, G/Egxiabehre, Atsbeha, Gezahegn, Nigussie, Kassa, Desta, and Aseffa, Yibeltal

Subjects
HCV/HBV/syphilis, HIV/AIDS, respondent-driven sampling, risk behaviour, PWID
Abstract

Background: Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries most affected by HIV/AIDS. However, the country lacks data describing the extent of the epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID). Thus, a bio-behavioural study was conducted in 2015 to generate strategic information on the magnitude of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis and related risk behaviours among PWID in Addis Ababa.Methods: A cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling was conducted among people reported to have injected illicit drugs within 6 months before the study. Males and females aged 15 years or above and who were resident in Addis Ababa were included in the study between 26 March and 22 May 2015. Data was analysed using respondent-driven (RDS) Analyst software.Results: A total of 237 participants, including 6 seeds, enrolled in the study; most of the PWID were males (96%) with a mean age of 26 years. Most (79%) of the PWID reported injecting heroin but also reported using non-injecting drugs, including marijuana or ganja (47%) and/or khat (31%). Forty per cent of PWID reported ever sharing needles and 56% reported sharing other injecting equipment. However, only 14% reported injecting daily, and 49% reported injecting only 1 to 3 times a month. HIV prevalence was 6%, HBV was 5.1%, HCV was 2.9% and syphilis 5.1% among PWID. Among HIV-positive PWID, 60% reported sharing a needle the last time they injected.Conclusion: Even though the prevalence of HIV among drug users is not much higher than in the general population in Addis Ababa, the needle sharing prevalence was high. Thus, this baseline study shows the need to establish harm reduction programmes and prevention strategies for the PWID in Addis Ababa.Keywords: HCV/HBV/syphilis, HIV/AIDS, respondent-driven sampling, risk behaviour, PWID

Published
2018

31. Host gene expression kinetics during treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-coinfected individuals is independent of HAART therapy

Author

Gebremicael, Gebremedhin, Kassa, Desta, Quinten, Edwin, Alemayehu, Yodit, Gebreegziaxier, Atsbeha, Belay, Yohannes, van Baarle, Debbie, Ottenhoff, Tom H M, Cliff, Jacqueline M, and Haks, Mariëlle C

Abstract

Limitations in diagnostic tools to discriminate between active and latent tuberculosis (TB) and for monitoring TB treatment responses are major challenges in TB control, especially in HIV-coinfected individuals.

Published
2018

32. THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON PROFITABILITY; IN THE CASE OF ROHA PACK PLC, HANA MARIAM INDUSTRY ZONE, ADDIS ABABA

Author

ENDALE KASSA DESTA

Abstract

Working Capital Management involves management of current assets and liabilities of the organization. It is also recommended that manufacturing companies like Roha Pack Plc should adopt efficient and effective working capital management policies to keeping working capital at optimal level. Because mishandling working capital can lead to the collapse of such organization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of working capital management and firm profitability in the case of Roha Pack Plc, Hana Mariam Industry Zone, Addis Ababa. This study used a mixed research approach and the research design of the study were longitudinal research design. Data collected through interview and document review. The data was analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0), estimation equation by both correlation analysis and pooled panel data regression models of cross-sectional and time series data were used for analysis. Results indicate that longer accounts receivable period and cash collection cycle are associated with lower profitability. The results also show that there exists significant negative relationship among account receivable period, cash conversion cycle, account payable period, working capital financing policy and profitability of Roha pack plc. No significant relationship between inventory turnover period and working capital investment policy with return on asset has been observed. In general paying suppliers shorter and collecting payments from customers earlier, and keeping product in stock less time, are all associated with an increase in the firm profitability. Therefore, the manager of Roha Pack plc can increase the firm profitability by improving the performance of working capital components.

Published
2018

35. Validation and Optimization of Host Immunological Bio-Signatures for a Point-of-Care Test for TB Disease.

Author

Mutavhatsindi, Hygon, van der Spuy, Gian D., Malherbe, Stephanus T., Sutherland, Jayne S., Geluk, Annemieke, Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet, Crampin, Amelia C., Kassa, Desta, Howe, Rawleigh, Mihret, Adane, Sheehama, Jacob A., Nepolo, Emmanuel, Günther, Gunar, Dockrell, Hazel M., Corstjens, Paul L. A. M., Stanley, Kim, Walzl, Gerhard, and Chegou, Novel N.

Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS, POINT-of-care testing, RESPIRATORY diseases, C-reactive protein, SYMPTOMS, MULTIDRUG-resistant tuberculosis
Abstract

The development of a non-sputum-based, point-of-care diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB) is a priority in the global effort to combat this disease, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Previous studies have identified host biomarker signatures which showed potential, but there is a need to validate and refine these for development as a test. We recruited 1,403 adults presenting with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB at primary healthcare clinics in six countries from West, East and Southern Africa. Of the study cohort, 326 were diagnosed with TB and 787 with other respiratory diseases, from whom we randomly selected 1005 participants. Using Luminex® technology, we measured the levels of 20 host biomarkers in serum samples which we used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of previously identified and novel bio-signatures. Our previously identified seven-marker bio-signature did not perform well (sensitivity: 89%, specificity: 60%). We also identified an optimal, two-marker bio-signature with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 69% in patients with no history of previous TB. This signature performed slightly better than C-reactive protein (CRP) alone. The cut-off value for a positive diagnosis differed for human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-positive and -negative individuals. Notably, we also found that no signature was able to diagnose TB adequately in patients with a prior history of the disease. We have identified a two-marker, pan-African bio-signature which is more robust than CRP alone and meets the World Health Organization (WHO) target product profile requirements for a triage test in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals. This signature could be incorporated into a point-of-care device, greatly reducing the necessity for expensive confirmatory diagnostics and potentially reducing the number of cases currently lost to follow-up. It might also potentially be useful with individuals unable to provide sputum or with paucibacillary disease. We suggest that the performance of TB diagnostic signatures can be improved by incorporating the HIV-status of the patient. We further suggest that only patients who have never had TB be subjected to a triage test and that those with a history of previous TB be evaluated using more direct diagnostic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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36. Four-Gene Pan-African Blood Signature Predicts Progression to Tuberculosis

Author

Suliman, Sara, primary, Thompson, Ethan G., additional, Sutherland, Jayne, additional, Weiner, January, additional, Ota, Martin O. C., additional, Shankar, Smitha, additional, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, additional, Thiel, Bonnie, additional, Erasmus, Mzwandile, additional, Maertzdorf, Jeroen, additional, Duffy, Fergal J., additional, Hill, Philip C., additional, Hughes, E. Jane, additional, Stanley, Kim, additional, Downing, Katrina, additional, Fisher, Michelle L., additional, Valvo, Joe, additional, Parida, Shreemanta K., additional, van der Spuy, Gian, additional, Tromp, Gerard, additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O., additional, Donkor, Simon, additional, Howe, Rawleigh, additional, Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet, additional, Boom, W. Henry, additional, Dockrell, Hazel M., additional, Ottenhoff, Tom H. M., additional, Hatherill, Mark, additional, Aderem, Alan, additional, Hanekom, Willem A., additional, Scriba, Thomas J., additional, Kaufmann, Stefan H. E., additional, Zak, Daniel E., additional, Walzl, Gerhard, additional, Black, Gillian F., additional, Kriel, Magdalena, additional, Du Plessis, Nelita, additional, Nene, Nonhlanhla, additional, Roberts, Teri, additional, Kleynhans, Leanie, additional, Gutschmidt, Andrea, additional, Smith, Bronwyn, additional, Loxton, Andre G., additional, Chegou, Novel N., additional, Tromp, Gerhardus, additional, Tabb, David, additional, Klein, Michel R., additional, Haks, Marielle C., additional, Franken, Kees L. M. C., additional, Geluk, Annemieke, additional, van Meijgaarden, Krista E., additional, Joosten, Simone A., additional, Joloba, Moses, additional, Zalwango, Sarah, additional, Nsereko, Mary, additional, Okwera, Brenda, additional, Kisingo, Hussein, additional, Golinski, Robert, additional, Jacobson, Marc, additional, Dockrell, Hazel, additional, Smith, Steven, additional, Gorak-Stolinska, Patricia, additional, Hur, Yun-Gyoung, additional, Lalor, Maeve, additional, Lee, Ji-Sook, additional, Crampin, Amelia C., additional, French, Neil, additional, Ngwira, Bagrey, additional, Ben-Smith, Anne, additional, Watkins, Kate, additional, Ambrose, Lyn, additional, Simukonda, Felanji, additional, Mvula, Hazzie, additional, Chilongo, Femia, additional, Saul, Jacky, additional, Branson, Keith, additional, Suliman, Sara, additional, Mahomed, Hassan, additional, Bilek, Nicole, additional, Xasa, Onke, additional, Veldsman, Ashley, additional, Fisher, Michelle, additional, Mulenga, Humphrey, additional, Abel, Brian, additional, Bowmaker, Mark, additional, Kagina, Benjamin, additional, Chung, William Kwong, additional, Sadoff, Jerry, additional, Sizemore, Donata, additional, Ramachandran, S., additional, Barker, Lew, additional, Brennan, Michael, additional, Weichold, Frank, additional, Muller, Stefanie, additional, Geiter, Larry, additional, Kassa, Desta, additional, Abebe, Almaz, additional, Mesele, Tsehayenesh, additional, Tegbaru, Belete, additional, Baarle, Debbie van, additional, Miedema, Frank, additional, Mihret, Adane, additional, Aseffa, Abraham, additional, Bekele, Yonas, additional, Iwnetu, Rachel, additional, Tafesse, Mesfin, additional, Yamuah, Lawrence, additional, Ota, Martin, additional, Hill, Philip, additional, Adegbola, Richard, additional, Corrah, Tumani, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Togun, Toyin, additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo, additional, Andersen, Peter, additional, Rosenkrands, Ida, additional, Doherty, Mark, additional, Weldingh, Karin, additional, Schoolnik, Gary, additional, Dolganov, Gregory, additional, Van, Tran, additional, Kafaar, Fazlin, additional, Workman, Leslie, additional, Cloete, Yolundi, additional, Abrahams, Deborah, additional, Moyo, Sizulu, additional, Gelderbloem, Sebastian, additional, Tameris, Michele, additional, Geldenhuys, Hennie, additional, Hanekom, Willem, additional, Hussey, Gregory, additional, Ehrlich, Rodney, additional, and Verver, Suzanne, additional

Published
2018
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38. Evaluation of cytokine responses against novel Mtb antigens as diagnostic markers for TB disease

Author

Awoniyi, Dolapo O, Teuchert, Andrea, Sutherland, Jayne S, Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet, Howe, Rawleigh, Mihret, Adane, Loxton, Andre G, Sheehama, Jacob, Kassa, Desta, Crampin, Amelia C, Dockrell, Hazel M, Kidd, Martin, Rosenkrands, Ida, Geluk, Annemieke, Ottenhoff, Tom HM, Corstjens, PLAM, Chegou, Novel N, Walzl, Gerhard, and AE-TBC Consortium

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the accuracy of host markers detected in Mtb antigen-stimulated whole blood culture supernatant in the diagnosis of TB. METHODS: Prospectively, blood from 322 individuals with presumed TB disease from six African sites was stimulated with four different Mtb antigens (Rv0081, Rv1284, ESAT-6/CFP-10, and Rv2034) in a 24 h whole blood stimulation assay (WBA). The concentrations of 42 host markers in the supernatants were measured using the Luminex multiplex platform. Diagnostic biosignatures were investigated through the use of multivariate analysis techniques. RESULTS: 17% of the participants were HIV infected, 106 had active TB disease and in 216 TB was excluded. Unstimulated concentrations of CRP, SAA, ferritin and IP-10 had better discriminating ability than markers from stimulated samples. Accuracy of marker combinations by general discriminant analysis (GDA) identified a six analyte model with 77% accuracy for TB cases and 84% for non TB cases, with a better performance in HIV uninfected patients. CONCLUSIONS: A biosignature of 6 cytokines obtained after stimulation with four Mtb antigens has moderate potential as a diagnostic tool for pulmonary TB disease individuals and stimulated marker expression had no added value to unstimulated marker performance.

Published
2016

43. The serum concentration of vitamin B12 as a biomarker of therapeutic response in tuberculosis patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Author

Gebremicael, Gebremedhin, Alemayehu, Mihret, Sileshi, Meron, Geto, Zeleke, Gebreegziabxier, Atsbeha, Tefera, Hulumtaye, Ashenafi, Nigat, Tadese, Chere, Wolde, Mistire, and Kassa, Desta

Subjects
VITAMIN A, HIV, TUBERCULOSIS patients, VITAMINS, HIGH performance liquid chromatography
Abstract

Background: Prior to clinical trials of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs or therapeutic vaccines, it is necessary to develop monitoring tools to predict treatment outcomes in TB patients. Methods: Micronutrients concentration level was determined from a total of 262 study participants with five clinical groups: 57 TB patients coinfected with HIV (HIV+TB+), 87 active TB Patients (TB cases), 71 HIV infected without active and latent TB infection (HIV+TST-), 22 latent TB infection (TST+) and 25 healthy controls (TST-). Vitamin A concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), whereas iron and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured using Cobas® 6000 analyzer. Result: The serum concentration levels of iron, vitamin A and vitamin B12 had a significant difference between active TB and latent (LTBI) or healthy controls. Six months after treatment, the serum concentration levels of vitamin A, vitamin B12 and iron in tuberculosis became indistinguishable from the levels of LTBIs and healthy control individuals. The concentration levels of iron and vitamin B12 in HIV+TB+patients at the end of TB treatment were normalized to the levels observed in healthy controls (TST–) regardless of HAART treatment. However, the concentration level of vitamin A in HIV+TB+patients HAART untreated at the end of TB treatment was not normalized to the levels observed in healthy controls (TST–) or HAART untreated HIV+TST–. Conclusion: Detecting serum concentration levels of vitamin B12 and vitamin A might be used as a biomarker of the diagnostic method of active TB regardless of HIV-infected individuals. Moreover, detecting serum concentration of vitamin B12 might also be used for TB treatment responses monitoring biomarker in TB-HIV-co-infected individuals regardless of HAART (in)eligibility and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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44. Psychological and Educational Intervention to Improve Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence in Ethiopia Based on Health Belief Model: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial

Author

Tola, Habteyes Hailu, primary, Shojaeizadeh, Davoud, additional, Tol, Azar, additional, Garmaroudi, Gholamreza, additional, Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed, additional, Kebede, Abebaw, additional, Ejeta, Luche Tadesse, additional, Kassa, Desta, additional, and Klinkenberg, Eveline, additional

Published
2016
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48. Analysis of Immune Responses against a Wide Range of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Author

Kassa, Desta, primary, Ran, Leonie, additional, Geberemeskel, Wudneh, additional, Tebeje, Mekashaw, additional, Alemu, Amelewerk, additional, Selase, Alemayehu, additional, Tegbaru, Belete, additional, Franken, Kees L. M. C., additional, Friggen, Annemieke H., additional, van Meijgaarden, Krista E., additional, Ottenhoff, Tom H. M., additional, Wolday, Dawit, additional, Messele, Tsehaynesh, additional, and van Baarle, Debbie, additional

Published
2012
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49. Analysis of Host Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens in a Multi-Site Study of Subjects with Different TB and HIV Infection States in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Cardona, Pere-Joan, Sutherland, Jayne S., Lalor, Maeve K., Black, Gillian F., Ambrose, Lyn R., Loxton, Andre G., Chegou, Novel N., Kassa, Desta, Mihret, Adane, Howe, Rawleigh, Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet, Gomez, Marie P., Donkor, Simon, Franken, Kees, Hanekom, Willem, Klein, Michel R., Parida, Shreemanta K., Boom, W. Henry, Thiel, Bonnie A., Crampin, Amelia C., Ota, Martin, Walzl, Gerhard, Ottenhoff, Tom H.M., Dockrell, Hazel M., Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., and Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR)

Subjects
Male, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Bacterial/immunology, Antigens, Bacterial/immunology, Cluster Analysis, Interferon gamma, Non-U.S. Gov't, lcsh:Science, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Coinfection, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Bacterial, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, HIV Infections/epidemiology, Female, medicine.drug, Research Article, Adult, Antigenicity, Tuberculosis, Research Support, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, Young Adult, Immune system, Antigen, medicine, Journal Article, Humans, Antigens, Africa South of the Sahara, 030304 developmental biology, Antigens, Bacterial, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Vaccine efficacy, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Immunology, Tuberculosis/epidemiology, lcsh:Q, Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology, Interferon-gamma/blood
Abstract

Background:\ud \ud Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health threat with 9 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths per year. In order to develop a protective vaccine, we need to define the antigens expressed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which are relevant to protective immunity in high-endemic areas.\ud Methods:\ud \ud We analysed responses to 23 Mtb antigens in a total of 1247 subjects with different HIV and TB status across 5 geographically diverse sites in Africa (South Africa, The Gambia, Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda). We used a 7-day whole blood assay followed by IFN-γ ELISA on the supernatants. Antigens included PPD, ESAT-6 and Ag85B (dominant antigens) together with novel resuscitation-promoting factors (rpf), reactivation proteins, latency (Mtb DosR regulon-encoded) antigens, starvation-induced antigens and secreted antigens.\ud Results:\ud \ud There was variation between sites in responses to the antigens, presumably due to underlying genetic and environmental differences. When results from all sites were combined, HIV- subjects with active TB showed significantly lower responses compared to both TST- and TST+ contacts to latency antigens (Rv0569, Rv1733, Rv1735, Rv1737) and the rpf Rv0867; whilst responses to ESAT-6/CFP-10 fusion protein (EC), PPD, Rv2029, TB10.3, and TB10.4 were significantly higher in TST+ contacts (LTBI) compared to TB and TST- contacts fewer differences were seen in subjects with HIV co-infection, with responses to the mitogen PHA significantly lower in subjects with active TB compared to those with LTBI and no difference with any antigen.\ud Conclusions:\ud \ud Our multi-site study design for testing novel Mtb antigens revealed promising antigens for future vaccine development. The IFN-γ ELISA is a cheap and useful tool for screening potential antigenicity in subjects with different ethnic backgrounds and across a spectrum of TB and HIV infection states. Analysis of cytokines other than IFN-γ is currently on-going to determine correlates of protection, which may be useful for vaccine efficacy trials.

Published
2013
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